stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Pulmonary Diagnostics - Quiz 2 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Pulmonary Diagnostics - Quiz 2
Pulmonary Diagnostics - Quiz 2
186 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
8 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
186 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
186
Answers
1
For adult tests in FOT, acceptable tests should be within what % of the mean?
15%
20%
10%
5%
2
During DLCO testing, what's the acceptable time for rapid inspiration to TLC from RV?
< 6 seconds
< 8 seconds
< 2 seconds
< 4 seconds
3
What's closing capacity (CC)?
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full exhalation
The total volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration
The part of the vital capacity exhaled after lower airway closure
The sum of closing volume (CV) and residual volume (RV)
4
What is the formula for airway resistance (Raw)?
∆P/V
V/∆P
P x V
P + V
5
During plethysmography, what do changes in the box volume (pressure) measure?
BP changes
Airflow changes
Alveolar pressure changes
Volume changes in the thoracic gas volume
6
Which of the following is an example of a restrictive condition that decreases compliance?
Bronchiolitis
Asthma
Kyphoscoliosis
Emphysema
7
During plethysmography, after the shutter opens, what maneuver should the pt perform?
Normal tidal breathing
A forced exhalation
A quick breath in
A slow VC
8
What instructions regarding smoking should be given to a pt prior to a Single Breath DLCO test?
Smoke as usual
Only smoke half a cigarette
No smoking on day of test, note time of last cigarette
Smoke one cigarette to clear the lungs
9
When breathing at RV, what happens to the airways at the bases?
They become more rigid
They remain open
They dilate
They are compressed and closure occurs
10
In the technique described, what does the pt inhale to first?
RV
ERV
FRC
TLC
11
What does a steep angle in the relatively flat portion of the graph suggest?
Low nitrogen concentration
Uneven distribution in the lungs
High lung volume
Normal lung function
12
What's calculated using complex mathematical operations in the FOT?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Inspiratory capacity
The resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs)
Lung volume
13
How does FRC measured by plethysmography typically compare to FRC measured by gas dilution techniques?
Larger
More variable
Smaller
Equal
14
What does the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout test measure?
Airway resistance
Lung volume
Distribution of ventilation
Diffusion capacity
15
What does a pressure transducer in a plethysmograph measure?
Volume changes
Flow changes
Temperature changes
Pressure changes
16
What's the formula for sGaw?
Gaw - VTG
Gaw / VTG
Gaw + VTG
Gaw x VTG
17
Which of the following conditions leads to increased DLCO?
Pulmonary fibrosis
Left heart failure
Emphysema
Anemia
18
What does the graphic plot during the open shutter phase of airway resistance measurement represent?
V/P
VTG
P/PBOX
Raw
19
What does DLCO stand for?
Diffusion Lung Capacity of CO2
Diffusing Lung Capacity of O2
Diffusion Capacity of the Lung for CO
Dynamic Lung Compliance of O2
20
What's the typical starting dose of methacholine when using dosimeters in bronchoprovocation testing?
0.0625 mg/mL
1.0 mg/mL
4.0 mg/mL
16.0 mg/mL
21
What happens to intrathoracic airways during inspiration?
Increase in diameter
No change in diameter
Collapse
Decrease in diameter
22
What's a significant side effect associated with histamine use in bronchoprovocation testing?
Increased HR
Hypertension
Bronchodilation
Peripheral vasodilation leading to hypotension
23
Approximately how much does DLCO decrease with each 1% increase in COHb?
~2%/1% COHb
~0.5%/1% COHb
~1.5%/1% COHb
~1%/1% COHb
24
What's a pressure plethysmograph also known as?
Variable pressure plethysmograph
Constant volume plethysmograph
Constant flow plethysmograph
Variable volume plethysmograph
25
What's being emptied during Phase 3 of exhalation in the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
Gas from the alveoli, more in the bases
Gas from the apices
Gas in the large airways
Gas in the medium airways
26
When a breath is inhaled from RV, where will the air preferentially go first?
Dead space areas
Apices
Bases
Central airways
27
What does the graphic plot during the closed shutter phase of airway resistance measurement represent?
P/PBOX
V/P
VTG
Raw
28
What's the unit of measurement for airway conductance?
cmH2O/L/sec
L/sec
L/sec/cmH2O
cmH2O
29
What's the effect of increased Hb or Hct on DLCO?
Increases DLCO
Variable effort
Decreases DLCO
No effect
30
What does PC20 stand for in bronchial challenge testing?
Provocative Dose
Provocative Concentration
Predicted Concentration
Peak Concentration
31
What's the acceptability criteria for plethysmography regarding reproducibility?
One acceptable panting maneuver with VTG within 15%
Two acceptable panting maneuvers with VTG within 10%
At least three acceptable panting maneuvers with VTG within 5%
Four acceptable panting maneuvers with VTG within 2%
32
What happens to the alveoli at the bases of the lungs during normal breathing?
They remain the same
They collapse
They are more open
They are more closed
33
What FEV1 value is generally considered a contraindication for bronchoprovocation testing?
<60% predicted (or < 1.5 L)
>90% predicted
70-80% predicted
>80% predicted
34
What DLCO % is considered very severe?
<20%
20-39%
60-79%
40-59%
35
According to Boyle's Law, what parameter must remain constant for the law to apply in plethysmography?
Volume
Temperature
Pressure
Flow
36
In what type of diseases is TLC typically decreased?
Cardiovascular diseases
Restrictive diseases
Obstructive diseases
Normal lung function
37
How long should the washout be during DLCO testing?
<8 seconds
<4 seconds
<2 seconds
<6 seconds
38
What does it mean if a pt's PD20 is at a higher dose?
They are said to be borderline reactive
They are classified as moderate reactivity
They are classified as highly reactive
They have no reaction
39
During shutter closure in the lung compliance technique, what's measured?
Airway resistance and flow rates
Pressure and volume changes
HR and BP
O2 and CO2 levels
40
What does a CV/VC% greater than 20% suggest?
Decreased lung capacity
Normal airway function
Suspect small airway abnormalities
Increased lung capacity
41
What two barriers do O2 & CO2 pass through during diffusion in the lungs?
Pleural membrane & blood plasma membrane
Alveolar membrane & pleural membrane
Bronchial membrane & alveolar membrane
Alveolar capillary membrane & blood plasma-RBC barrier
42
What does it mean if a pt's PD20 is at a lower dose?
They are classified as borderline reactive
They are highly reactive
They are classified as moderate reactive
They have no reaction
43
During plethysmography, where is alveolar pressure change measured?
In the box
In the chest wall
At the mouth
In the lungs
44
During the 5-breath dosimeter technique, how many acceptable tests should be performed within 5 minutes?
5 to 6 tests
7 to 8 tests
10 tests
Limit to 3 to 4 tests
45
What principle does a body plethysmograph operate in?
Avogadro's Law
Charle's Law
Boyle's Law
Newton's Law
46
What decrease in FEV1 is considered significant during a bronchial challenge test?
More than 25%
More than 10%
More than 15%
More than 20%
47
What gas does the pt breathe during the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
CO2
Room air
100% O2
Nitrogen
48
Which of the following does NOT influence airway resistance?
Tidal Volume
Size of the airways
Elastic recoil
Number of airways
49
What's another common name for a body plethysmograph?
Nebulizer
Body Box
Spirometer
Ventilator
50
What should the washout tracing show during SBN testing?
High expiratory flow
Rapid changes in flow rates
Significant cardiac oscillations
Minimal cardiac oscillations
51
What does an increased FRC or VTG often indicate?
Normal lung function
Restrictive lung disease
Decreased lung volumes
Air trapping
52
During the body plethysmograph procedure, at what rate should the pt pant?
1.5 - 2.0 Hz
2.0 - 2.5 Hz
0.5 - 1.0 Hz
3.0 - 3.5 Hz
53
When breathing from FRC, where is most gas located?
At the apices
At the bases
Equally distributed throughout the lungs
In the large airways
54
What does PD20 stand for in bronchial challenge testing?
Peak Dose
Provocative Concentration
Predicted Dose
Provocative Dose
55
What can the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout test help detect?
Early small airway disease
Asthma
Pneumonia
Pulmonary embolism
56
What does the FOT apply to the respiratory system?
Continuous suction
Oscillating gas flow at a wide range of frequencies
High concentrations of O2
Constant pressure
57
What's the unit of measurement for airway resistance?
L/sec
L/sec/cmH2O
cmH2O/L/sec
cmH2O
58
What's the purpose of measuring He & CO in the alveolar sample?
To measure lung volume
To calculate RR
To measure deadspace
To calculate absorbed CO
59
What's the recommended range for measuring the slope for laminar conductance during airway resistance measurement?
-1.0 to +1.0 L/sec
-0.5 to +0.5 L/sec
0 to 0.5 L/sec
-0.25 to +0.25 L/sec
60
What's the typical air volume contained within the box of a body plethysmograph?
500-1000 L
2000-3000 L
100-200 L
10-50 L
61
What happens if there's less blood flow to the lungs during DLCO testing?
Increased CO absorption
Variable CO absorption
No change in CO absorption
Decreased CO absorption
62
What's the criteria for acceptable DLCO tests?
Within 3 mL/min/mmHg
Within 4 mL/min/mmHg
Within 2 mL/min/mmHg
Within 1 mL/min/mmHg
63
During the FOT procedure, how long should the pt breathe normally?
5-10 seconds
1-2 minutes
10-20 seconds
30-60 seconds
64
During normal breathing, where does most of the fresh gas go?
Trachea
Bronchi
Bases
Apices
65
What are the 2 primary methods for inhaling the methacholine agent during bronchoprovocation testing?
O2 mask and nasal cannula
5-breath dosimeter method and 1-minute tidal breathing method
Nebulizer and inhaler
Spirometer and peak flow meter
66
What's the recommended timing method for DLCO testing?
Spirometry
Muller maneuver
Jones-Meade method
Valsalva method
67
What's one advantage of plethysmography compared to dilutional techniques?
Test time is longer
Not affected bt quality of ventilation as much
Requires more pt cooperation
Affected more of quality of ventilation
68
Which of the following conditions leads to decreased DLCO?
Polycythemia
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Emphysema
Exercise
69
What sGaw value would suggest obstruction?
sGaw < 0.15 L/sec/cmH2O
sGaw = 0.20 L/sec/cmH2O
sGaw > 0.15 L/sec/cmH2O
sGaw = 0.25 L/sec/cmH2O
70
What's the recommended breath hold duration for DLCO testing?
10-14 seconds
6-8 seconds
8-12 seconds
4-6 seconds
71
What common difficulty during plethysmography might occur when the shutter closes?
Glottis closure
Rapid breathing
Decreased BP
Increased HR
72
What's analyzed in the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
Helium levels
O2 concentration
Nitrogen concentration
CO2 levels
73
What's another term for Thoracic Gas Volume?
IC
RV
ERV
VTG or TGV
74
What's compliance a measurement of?
Minute ventilation
Dead space volume
Elastic resistance (elastance or elastic recoil)
Airway resistance
75
How long should short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) be withheld before bronchoprovocation testing?
36 hours
48 hours
6 hours
12 hours
76
What's measured in the alveolar sample?
O2 & CO2
CO only
He only
CO & He
77
What's the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT)?
A method to measure diffusion capacity
A method to measure lung volumes
A method to measure airway resistance in pts unable to perform spirometry
A method to measure blood gases
78
What's the primary function of plethysmograph?
Monitoring brain activity
Assessing HR
Measuring BP
Determining changes in lung volumes
79
In emphysematous pts, the % change of N2 may be greater than what %?
15%
5%
10%
20%
80
What does 'Y' represent in the % decrease formula for FEV1?
Predicted FEV1
Control FEV1 (baseline)
Average FEV1
Current FEV1 after methacholine inhalation
81
According to standards, which measure is preferred when possible?
sGaw
Provocative Concentration (PC)
Baseline FEV1
Provocative Dose (PD)
82
During the lung compliance technique, when does the shutter close?
During exhalation at various points for 1 to 2 seconds
During the pause before inhalation
During inhalation at TLC
Continuously throughout the procedure
83
What's the pt required to do during the FOT?
Perform spirometry
Perform maximal inhalation and exhalation
Perform a panting maneuver
Perform quiet breathing
84
How much time should elapse between DLCO tests?
4 minutes
2 minutes
6 minutes
8 minutes
85
During the FOT procedure, where should the pt's hands be placed?
On the pt's cheeks
On their chest
On their abdomen
On their knees
86
What's the effect of increased PACO2 on DLCO?
Decreases DLCO
Variable effect
No effect
Increases DLCO
87
What's another name for the Single-Breath Nitrogen Washout test?
Fowler's Test
Helium Dilution Test
Body Plethysmography
DLCO test
88
Whats the chemical name of the stimulus used in bronchoprovocation to ↑ parasympathetic tone in bronchial smooth muscle?
Histamine acid phosphate
Cold air
Acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride
Exercise
89
What decrease in sGaw is an indicator to stop the bronchial challenge test?
30%-35%
25%-30%
35%-45%
45%-50%
90
What gas fills the conducting airways when the pt exhales down to RV?
CO2
Helium
Oxygen
Nitrogen gas
91
What's the formula for calculating airway resistance (Raw)?
Raw = Alveolar pressure / Flow
Raw = (Atmospheric pressure - Alveolar pressure) / Flow
Raw = Flow / (Atmospheric pressure - Alveolar pressure)
Raw = Flow / Alveolar pressure
92
What lung volumes can be obtained from spirometric measurements in addition to VTG, Raw and Gaw?
FVC, ERV, IRV
RV, TLC
PEF, PIF
MVV, VA
93
What Raw value would suggest obstruction?
Raw = 1.0 cmH2O/L/sec
Raw > 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec
Raw = 0.5 cmH2O/L/sec
Raw < 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec
94
What's the normal range for the onset of Phase IV in SBN measurements?
20-30% of VC
40-50% of VC
80-90% of VC
60-70% of VC
95
What's determined by figuring out the change in volume during plethysmography?
FRC
Vt
ERV
IRV
96
Which of the following factors affects the rate of diffusion?
Solubility coefficient of the gases
Surface area
Distance the gas molecules must travel
All of the above
97
What's the purpose of using a nebulizer in bronchoprovocation testing?
To deliver a specific dose of methacholine or histamine
To measure lung volume
To monitor HR
To increase O2 saturation
98
What's the effect of decreased HR on blood flow to the lungs?
Decreases
Fluctuates
No effect
Increases
99
What does a steeper slope of Phase III indicate?
Poor distribution of ventilation
Optimal distribution of ventilation
Normal distribution of ventilation
Even distribution of ventilation
100
If a person breathes to full exhalation, where does the first gas go upon inhalation?
Apices
Bases
Bronchioles
Trachea
101
What's the formula for calculating % decrease in FEV1?
(X + Y) / X * 100
(X - Y) / X * 100
(Y - X) / X * 100
(X - Y) / Y * 100
102
During DLCO testing, what % of VC should be inspired?
~65%
~95%
~85%
~75%
103
According to the "last out, first in" principle, what area of the lungs fills first with deadspace gas?
Trachea
Apices
Bronchioles
Bases
104
During panting in a plethysmograph, what happens to the volume
Volume decreases
Volume oscillates randomly
Volume remains constant
Volume increases
105
What's the effect of a supine body position on DLCO?
No effect
Decreases DLCO
Variable effect
Increases DLCO
106
What two parameters assess the evenness of gas distribution in SBN testing?
VC & RV
IC & ERV
% Change of N2 & Slope of Phase III
Closing Volume & Closing Capacity
107
What does the tracer gas, Helium, indicate about lung size?
He indicates lung pressure
More He = big lungs
More He = small lungs
He indicates lung compliance
108
Why is it important for the pt to hold their cheeks during plethysmography?
To keep mouth pressures & volumes constant
To improve coordination
To increase airflow
To decrease lung pressure
109
What does 'sGaw' stand for?
Standard Airway Resistance
Specific Airway Conductance
Standard Airway Conductance
Specific Airway Resistance
110
What gas is leaving the lungs during Phase 4 of exhalation?
Gas from the apices
Gas from the medium airways
Gas from the upper airways
Gas from the bases
111
What's the panting rate when the shutter is open during the procedure to measure airway resistance?
0.5 Hz
3.0 - 3.5 Hz
~1.0 Hz
1.5 - 2.5 Hz
112
Which of the following is a diffusion disorder that decreases DLCO?
Polycythemia
Left Heart Failure
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
Pulmonary Fibrosis
113
What % improvement in FEV1 or FVC after bronchodilator use indicates a positive response?
20-30%
10-20%
40-50%
30-40%
114
What's the source of the gas that initially fills the apices after full exhalation?
Alveoli
Fresh gas
Atmosphere
Deadspace
115
What volume of alveolar sample should be collected during DLCO testing?
1.0 - 1.5 L
0.5 - 1.0 L
0.25 - 0.5 L
1.5 - 2.0 L
116
What DLCO % range is considered severe?
80-100%
40-59%
20-39%
60-79%
117
What DLCO % range is considered moderate?
80-100%
40-59%
20-39%
60-79%
118
What maneuver should be avoided during the Jones-Meade breath hold technique?
Deep breathing
Valsalva
Normal breathing
Muller
119
What's the acceptable duration for rapid exhalation during DLCO testing?
8 or less seconds
4 or less seconds
6 or less seconds
2 or less seconds
120
From what lung volume does the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test begin?
Vt
RV
TLC
ERV
121
What's a CV in the context of SBN?
The total volume of air in the lungs after maximum inspiration
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full exhalation
The part of the vital capacity exhaled after lower airway closure
The volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation
122
What environmental factors can affect bronchial challenge results?
Only pollutions
Viral infections, allergen exposure, chemical exposure, pollutions
Only allergen exposure
Only viral infections
123
What happens to HR if the pt bears down during the breath hold?
Increases
Fluctuates
Decreases
Stays the same
124
Approximately what % of total airway resistance is attributed to the nose, mouth, and upper airways?
30%
50%
20%
80%
125
In what type of disease states is RV typically increased?
Normal lung function
Obstructive disease
Restrictive disease
Cardiovascular disease
126
What happens in DLCO with increased age?
No change
Decreases
Increases
Fluctuates
127
In Phase 1 of exhalation, what type of gas is being emptied?
Mixed bronchial gas
Alveolar gas
Upper airway gas
Gas from the lung bases
128
What's the primary goal of bronchoprovocation testing?
To increase lung capacity
To decrease mucus production
To strengthen respiratory muscles
To assess airway sensitivity
129
What's the recommended breath hold time during the Single Breath DLCO technique?
13-15 seconds
2-4 seconds
8-12 seconds
5-7 seconds
130
During plethysmography, what happens to the volume in the box when the volume in the lungs goes up?
Fluctuates randomly
Decreases
Increases
Stays the same
131
What DLCO % range is considered mild?
80-100%
40-59%
60-79%
20-39%
132
What's required to calculate the value related to SVN output and particle size?
SVN output, particle size, breathing time
Only the SVN output per minute
Only the particle size distribution
Tidal volume and respiratory rate
133
Why should a pt avoid breath-holding during the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
To prevent hyperventilation
To prevent nitrogen diffusion to the bases
To increase O2 saturation
To decrease CO2 levels
134
What does CV stand for in the context of the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
Cardiac Output Volume
Closing Volume
Cardiac Volume
Closing Ventilation
135
What medications must be available to reverse bronchospasm?
Only epi
Only atropine
Salbutamol, epi, and atropine
Only salbutamol
136
What FEV1 value should be reported at each dose level during bronchial challenge testing?
The lowest FEV1
The average FEV1
The largest FEV1
The predicted FEV1
137
What's the elastic recoil pressure of the lungs equal to?
PIP
Transpulmonary pressure (Ptp)
Airway pressure (Paw)
PEEP
138
What additional component is found in a flow (variable volume) plethysmograph compared to a pressure plethysmograph?
Flow transducer in the box wall
Computer
Mouth pressure transducer
shutter mechanism
139
What does 'sRaw' stand for?
Standard Airway Resistance
Specific Airway Conductance
Specific Airway Resistance
Standard Airway Conductance
140
Which of the following is a relative contraindication for methacholine challenge?
No coughing
No colds within the last six weeks
Asymptomatic
Recent eye surgery
141
What's the typical volume of the VD washout that should be discarded during DLCO testing?
0.50 - 0.75 L
0.25 - 0.50 L
1.25 - 1.50 L
0.75 - 1.0 L
142
Which of the following is a type of Diffusion Capacity Test?
Inspiratory Capacity Technique
Tidal Volume Technique
Single Breath Technique
Expiratory Reserve Volume Technique
143
Which of the following is an example of an obstructive lung disease that increases compliance?
Kyphoscoliosis
Emphysema
Severe obesity
Rheumatoid spondylitis
144
What's lung compliance (CL)?
The amount of carbon dioxide produced per minute
The amount of PTP change required to produce a change in lung volume
The amount of oxygen required to saturate hemoglobin
The amount of pressure required to produce a change in airway resistance
145
What causes the steep rise in nitrogen concentration during Phase 1 of exhalation?
Gas from the alveoli
Gas from the medium airways
Gas from the deadspace area
Gas from the lung bases
146
What's the recommended exhalation rate during the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
0.3-0.4 L/sec
1-2 L/sec
2-3 L/sec
0.1-0.2 L/sec
147
What's the effect of decreased alveolar volume on DLCO?
No effect
Variable effect
Decreases DLCO
Increases DLCO
148
What does 'X' represent in the % decrease formula for FEV1?
Average FEV1
Predicted FEV1
Current FEV1 after methacholine inhalation
Control FEV1 (baseline)
149
What two criteria must a gas meet to measure the gas transfer factor?
Is radioactive & inert
Diffuses slowly & is easily exhaled
Diffuses across the AC membrane & binds with Hb
Reacts with nitrogen & dissolves in water
150
What does diffusion capacity tests measure?
The rate at which air flows in & out of the lungs
The strength of the respiratory muscles
The ability of the lungs to transfer gas from the alveoli to pulm cap bed
The volume of air that can be inhaled
151
With tidal breathing, which regions of the lungs do most gases preferentially ventilate?
Central airways
Bases
Apices
Dead space areas
152
What's the first part of the exhaled volume discarded as?
Vt
RV
Alveolar sample
Deadspace
153
What's the primary purpose of performing baseline spirometry before bronchoprovocation testing?
To measure HR
To check O2 saturation
To assess muscle strength
To establish FEV1
154
What condition can mimic increased diffusion in DLCO testing?
Emphysema
Fibrosis
Anemia
Polycythemia
155
What gas is used because it meets the criteria for measuring the gas transfer factor?
CO2
Helium
O2
CO
156
What's measured by the spirometer during the Single Breath Nitrogen Washout Test?
Nitrogen concentration
O2 concentration
Exhaled Volume
Airway pressure
157
During plethysmography, what is indicated if the panting maneuver shows a closed loop without drift?
Acceptable panting
Poor seal around mouthpiece
Glottis closure
Incorrect panting
158
What's a flow plethysmograph also known as?
Constant pressure plethysmograph
Variable volume plethysmograph
Variable resistance plethysmograph
Constant volume plethysmograph
159
What's the effect of increased pulmonary capillary blood volume on DLCO?
Decreases DLCO
Increases DLCO
No effect
Variable effect
160
What's the normal range for ∆%N2 between 750 mL - 1250 mL in healthy young adults?
Up to 5.0%
6.0% or less
4.0% or less
1.5% or less
161
How does altitude above sea level affect DLCO?
Decreases DLCO
Increases DLCO
No effect
Variable effect
162
What range should the expiratory flow be maintained between during SBN testing?
0.3 - 0.5 L/sec
0.1 - 0.2 L/sec
0.6 - 0.8 L/sec
0.8 - 1.0 L/sec
163
What does TGV stand for in the context of lung function testing?
Thoracic Gas Volume
Tidal Gas Volume
Total Gas Volume
Trapped Gas Volume
164
Which of the following is a disadvantage of plethysmography?
Technically simple
Very accurate
Very fast
Expensive
165
During the FOT procedure, what should the pt be informed of?
The "gentle puffing" that the device will create as they normally breathe
The need to hold their breath
The need to perform maximal inhalations and exhalations
The need to cough forcefully
166
What's another name for the "gas transfer factor"?
Alveolar ventilation
Vt
Diffusion Capacity
RV
167
What's the relationship between Airway Resistance (Raw) & Airway Conductance (Gaw)?
They are directly proportional
There is no relationship
They are inversely proportional
They are equal
168
What's the effect of increased COHb on DLCO?
Increases DLCO
No effect
Decreases DLCO
Variable effect
169
What happens to the box pressure as the pt pants inside a plethysmograph?
Pressure remains constant
Pressure goes down
Pressure goes up
Pressure oscillates randomly
170
Approximately how much does DLCO increase with each gram of Hb?
~9%/g
~3%/g
~5%/g
~7%/g
171
After completion of the methacholine SVN in the one-minute tidal breathing method, when is spirometry performed?
15s and 45s
Immediately after
60s and 120s
30s and 90s
172
What's the acceptable range for the difference between inspired and expired VC in SBN testing?
Within 15% or 250 mL
Within 10% or 200 mL
Within 5% or 200 mL
Within 2% or 100 mL
173
What gases are used in the Single Breath Diffusion Test?
CO & N2
CO & O2
CO & He
O2 & He
174
What is compliance (CL)?
The resistance to airflow
The volume change per unit of pressure change
The pressure change per unit of volume change
The rate of gas diffusion
175
What is the significance of the point where FEV1 drops below 20% of baseline?
It is the PD20
It indicates no reaction
It indicates moderate reactivity
It is the PC20
176
During the FOT procedure, how should the pt's neck be positioned?
Neutral
Rotated to the side
Flexed
Slightly extended
177
In the single breath technique, what's the purpose of the inert gas?
To measure O2 levels
To measure CO2 levels
To measure N2 levels
To calculate VA (STPD)
178
In the lung compliance technique, where are values for calculations taken?
AT PIP and plateau pressure
At the beginning and end of exhalation
At FRC and at +0.5 L above FRC
At TLC and RV
179
What creates the oscillations in the FOT?
A nebulizer
A ventilator
A built-in loudspeaker
A pressure regulator
180
What does an increased RV/TLC ratio and normal TLC indicate?
Restrictive lung disease
Air trapping
Hyperinflation
Normal lung function
181
During quiet breathing, where is most of the resistance located?
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Small airways
Trachea and large airways
182
Airway resistance and conductance are reciprocals of what?
Flow and volume
Volume and pressure
Pressure and flow
Compliance and elastance
183
What's the normal panting rate during the closed shutter phase of airway resistance measurement?
0.5-1.0 Hz
~1.0 Hz
3.0-3.5 Hz
1.5-2.5 Hz
184
What specific measurement is often referred to as "Thoracic Gas Volume" (VTG)?
IRV
ERV
FRC
Vt
185
What is sRaw measured at?
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
186
For pediatric tests in FOT, acceptable tests should be within what % of the mean?
10%
5%
20%
15%
