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Apologetics Final Review
Apologetics Final Review
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Answers
1
Origin of human knowledge
Divine revelation
Instinct
Abstract reasoning
Sensory experiences
2
How to interpret the divine claim in the
Synoptic Gospels
Reading with a blind ascent to faith.
Reading from a 1st century Jewish perspective.
Reading from our 21st century perspective.
Reading from a 1st century pagan perspective.
3
The Second Law of Thermodynamics:
In an isolated system, entropy always...
fluctuates randomly
increases
decreases
remains constant
4
Developed the Big Bang Theory
Sir Isaac Newton
Fr. Georges Lemaître
St. Thomas Aquinas
Albert Einstein
5
Assumes that the Apostles would be willing to die rather than admit they were lying.
Conspiracy Theory
Hallucination Theory
Swoon Theory
Myth Theory
6
Ultimately, it is the persuasiveness of our arguments that provides someone with saving Faith.
True
False
7
Christ's glorified body merely resembled his old body but was
substantially
different.
True
False
8
The animating principle of a living thing
Soul
Spirit
Body
Mind
9
What was
unprecedented
in Jesus' words and actions?
He prays and suffers courageously.
He performs miracles and speaks on behalf of God.
He speaks and acts by his own authority.
He provides moral guidelines and recruits disciples.
10
United Greek philosophy with Christian revelation
Plato
Aristotle
Socrates
Aquinas
11
Plato's Error
Individual things can have the same form
Forms exist within a spiritual realm
The proper object of philosophy is being itself
Absolute goodness transcend the world
12
The intellect is synonymous with the brain.
False
True
13
Determines the other 3 Causes
Formal Cause
Final Cause
Efficient Cause
Material Cause
14
Transcendentals
Principles of mathematics
Universal attributes
Physical properties
Ethical virtues
15
God created the world but does not actively sustain it.
Pantheism
Agnosticism
Atheism
Deism
16
Aquinas' Second Proof
God as the Efficient Cause
God as the Formal Cause
God as the Final Cause
God as the Material Cause
17
Argument from Order / Design
Involves Telos: Final Cause
Considers Motion / Change
Involves Maximum Being
Considers Possibility vs. Necessity
18
Argument from Contingency
Considers Possibility vs. Necessity
Involves Telos: Final Cause
Involves Maximum Being
Considers Motion / Change
19
NOT
part of a syllogism
A Conclusion
The Middle Term
Major & Minor Premises
The Explanation
20
Minimum number of propositions in a syllogism
Three
Four
Two
One
21
"Whatever exists in an effect must be found in the cause."
Principle of Non-Contradiction
Principle of Finality
Principle of Proportionate Causality
Principle of Hylomorphism
22
Genesis 1–2
The biblical account of creation is the equivalent of a modern-day myth.
Genesis 1–2 make use of figurative language to communicate religious truth.
Catholics do not regard the initial chapters of Genesis as inerrant.
A Catholic in good standing cannot hold the theory of evolution.
23
Powers of a Vegetative soul
Nutrition, Sensation, Will
Nutrition, Growth, Locomotion
Nutrition, Sensation, Reproduction
Nutrition, Growth, Reproduction
24
Argument from Gradation
Considers Possibility vs. Necessity
Involves Maximum Being
Involves Telos: Final Cause
Considers Motion / Change
25
We do not or cannot know whether God exists.
Pantheism
Atheism
Agnosticism
Deism
26
The Early Church Fathers claimed that Jesus was divine.
True
False
27
The Fine-Tuning of the universe make it nearly impossible for it to have happened by random chance.
True
False
28
What made the Apostles' message credible
The immediate and widespread availability of the written Gospels
The conversion of the entire Roman Empire within a single generation
Their ability to perform healings & miracles in Jesus' name
The assumption of each of the Apostles body and soul into heaven
29
NOT
one of the Divine Attributes
Omnipotent
Simple
Immaterial
Intricate
30
NOT
a Transcendental
Unity
Goodness
Charity
Truth
31
"There's no single reality—truth is subjective rather than absolute."
Stoicism
Modernism
Post-Modernism
Epicureanism
32
A contingent being
Could be the only kind of being that exists
It's existence depends upon another
The basis for Aquinas' first proof
Cannot not exist
33
Having existed for an infinite amount of time, the universe...
would never involve change
would have an infinite capacity for work
would be infinitely ordered
would have reached a state of total disorder
34
Logical Fallacy: Ambiguity of a word or phrase that allows for a shift in meaning
Ad Verecundiam
Ad Misericordiam
Equivocation
Arguing in a Circle
35
Helps explain the possibility of change
Four Causes
Act & Potency
Powers of a rational soul
Matter & Form
36
Matter & Form
Dualism
Mechanism
Syllogism
Hylomorphism
37
What determines patterns / predictability
Someone's personality
A thing's nature
Something's individuality
A thing's material make-up
38
The grace that God offers to us before we turn to Him in Faith
Sanctifying Grace
Habitual Grace
Prevenient Grace
Actual Grace
39
Jewish historian who wrote about Jesus in 101 AD
Cornelius Tacitus
Heraclitus
Aristotle
Flavius Josephus
40
The Council of Nicaea could be used as evidence for the resurrection.
True
False
41
Aquinas' Five Ways are a matter of faith, not reason.
True
False
42
The Babylonian Talmud was written before Christ.
True
False
43
Efficient Cause
The pattern / structure
The agent of change which brings something into existence
The underlying stuff out of which a thing comes to be
The end, goal, or purpose for which a thing exists
44
Greek word meaning "consubstantial"
Eucharistia
Circuminsession
Homoousios
Hypostasis
45
NOT
a mark of an ancient biography
Focus on a single person’s life and death
Begins with an ancestral lineage
Commonly records events in order of importance or by theme
Contains a minimum of 100,000 words
46
The Borde-Vilenkin-Guth Proof:
"Any universe with an expansion rate above zero...
is infinite in size.
must have had a beginning.
will eventually collapse.
have a negative curvature.
47
Logical Fallacy: Appeal to the Masses (Popularity)
Straw Man
Begging the Question
Ad Populum
Ad Baculum
48
Best and most basic definition of
Evil
Needless suffering
A force opposing goodness
The privation of goodness
Moral degradation
49
The Holy Spirit comes from God the Father and the Son through a movement of love.
Generation
Spiration
Incarnation
Begotten
50
According to
Ockham's Razor
, what kind of explanation should we prefer?
The simplest one
The most complex one
The most scientifically advanced one
The most detailed one
51
The human soul is
subsistent
.
It has processes that are independent from the body.
It can't be damaged.
It cannot be proven or disproven by modern science.
It acts as the form of the body.
52
Doesn't align with the historical record nor is it considered a real possibility from a medical perspective.
Myth Theory
Swoon Theory
Hallucination Theory
Conspiracy Theory
53
A power which the sensitive soul lacks
Reproduction
Sense Cognition
Intellect
Growth
54
Jesus is two persons with one nature
Innascibility
Hypostatic Union
Incarnation
Transubstantiation
55
Something in Act
Has existence
Is capable
Is becoming something
Doesn't exist
56
Describes God the Father as being unbegotten
Circuminsession
Eternal
Innascibility
Spiration
57
Prime Matter
Raw Materials
Energy field
Pure Potency
Form without matter
58
God is All-powerful
Omnipresent
Omniscient
Omnibenevolent
Omnipotent
59
Assumes that the witnesses of Christ’s resurrection were all deceived by their senses.
Conspiracy Theory
Hallucination Theory
Swoon Theory
Myth Theory
60
Metaphysics studies...
History
Ethics / morality
Being / existence
Science
61
Logical Fallacy: Resorting to a personal attack
Ad Hominem
Post Hoc
Hyperbole
Ad Verecundiam
62
Prime Matter exists all on its own
False
True
63
The early Church Fathers rejected the gnostic gospels.
False
True
64
The Sophists' primary concern
Persuasive rhetoric
Absolute moral values
Pursuit of truth
Natural philosophy
65
Accidental change
Death / Destruction
Transubstantiation
Substance remains the same
Substantial Transformation
66
The Big Bang Theory
The earth is the center of the universe
The universe began from a singularity
Life on earth began with a big bang
The universe is infinite
67
Successfully constructed a system of metaphysics
Aristotle
Plato
Parmenides
Socrates
68
Formal Cause
The agent of change which brings something into existence
The pattern / structure
The end, goal, or purpose for which a thing exists
The underlying stuff out of which a thing comes to be
69
True claims of God's self-revelation will never contradict rational principles.
True
False
70
Material Cause
The pattern / structure
The agent of change which brings something into existence
The end, goal, or purpose for which a thing exists
The underlying stuff out of which a thing comes to be
71
"Apologetics"
Justifying one' beliefs
Rationalizing one's behaviors
Rationally defending one's beliefs
Apologizing when one misspeaks
72
Logical Fallacy: Threat of Force
Ad Populum
Begging the Question
Straw Man
Ad Baculum
73
NOT
a component of the Fine-Tuning argument
The ratio of gravity to electromagnetic charge
The Strong Nuclear Force
The Big Bang Theory
The Gravitational Constant
74
God was initially unaware of the atrocities mankind could commit.
False
True
75
Age of the universe, according to the big Bang Theory
6000 years
100 billion years
13.8 billion years
Infinite years
76
Belief in multiple deities with varying degrees of perfection.
Polytheism
Pantheism
Agnosticism
Deism
77
Everything in the natural order can be regarded as divine.
Deism
Agnosticism
Pantheism
Polytheism
78
NOT
emphasized during the Enlightenment
Reason
Faith
Secularism
Individualism
79
A Valid Argument
The terms are clear.
The premises are all true.
The conclusion is true.
The conclusion necessarily follows from the premises.
80
God is All-knowing
Omnipotent
Omniscient
Omnipresent
Omnibenevolent
81
Final Cause
The underlying stuff out of which a thing comes to be
The pattern / structure
The agent of change which brings something into existence
The end, goal, or purpose for which a thing exists
82
Shared goal of science and religion
To understand physical processes
To understand the the truth of reality
To give an accurate historical account
To teach us truths about salvation
83
Movement of galaxies
Shows there's life on other planets
Shows the universe is expanding
Proves Earth is at the center of the universe
Validates the multiverse theory
84
The rational basis and object of Faith
Individual religious experiences.
The non-biblical records attesting to Jesus' historical existence.
Divinely revealed truths as handed down by the Apostles.
The archeological study of ancient documents.
85
Why the multiverse theory fails
It doesn't allow for the possibility of an eternal, transcendent God.
It proves that our universe is the only possible universe for growing life.
It doesn't explain the existence of the universe generator.
It doesn't fail.
86
How God relates to evil
God actively wills evil.
God desires evil.
God created evil.
God permits evil.
87
Logical Fallacy: Appeal to Pity
Ad Misericordiam
Ad Verecundiam
Equivocation
Arguing in a Circle
88
The four canonical Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke & John) always recount the same sequence of events.
True
False
89
What philosophy studies
Divine revelation
First causes and highest principles
Historical events
Physical phenomena
90
Aquinas' First Proof
Argument from Causation
Argument from Motion
Argument from Order / Design
Argument from Contingency
91
"All things contain an inherent purpose."
Hylomorphism
Motion
Teleology
Syllogism
92
The heresy that claimed Jesus was God the Father's first and greatest creation
Nestorianism
Docetism
Arianism
Adoptionism
93
Aquinas' Five Ways
Demonstrate God's incarnation
Demonstrate God's existence
Demonstrate God's inner life
Demonstrate God's possibility
94
What made the testimony of early Christians reliable
Their testimony convinced the most powerful men in the world.
They were held in the highest esteem—even by the Jewish leaders.
They were willing to take up arms and fight for what they believed in.
They had everything to lose; it went against their self-interest.
95
Relationship between Faith and Reason
They only occasionally contradict each other.
Faith is blind; reason is unnecessary.
Faith builds on reason and is based on reason.
Reason is superior to Faith.
96
Entropy
The process of energy conservation
The movement from disorder to order
The transition from solid to liquid
The movement from order to disorder
97
Even if one cannot provide an easy or valid resolution to the problem of evil, this does not disprove God’s existence.
False
True
98
The empirical sciences (biology, chemistry, etc.) have the capacity to prove whether God exists or not
False
True
99
The number of people Paul said Jesus appeared to after the resurrection
About 100
Exactly 40
Over 500
Thousands
100
Socratic method
Ridicule
Open-ended questions
Telling stories
Persuasive rhetoric
101
"A thing cannot be and not be at the same time and in the same way."
Principle of Hylomorphism
Principle of Non-Contradiction
Principle of Proportionate Causality
Principle of Finality
102
Divine claim in the
Synoptic Gospels
Jesus' use of the divine name: "I AM"
Constant association with "the Father"
The calming of the storm at sea
Referring to Jesus as the "Word of God"
103
Any statement that can be either true or false
Premise
Conclusion
Term
Proposition
104
Modalist Heresy
As God acts in particular ways, he switches from one mode to another.
Persons of the Trinity share their nature differently than we share ours.
Everything in the persons of God is identical, except for their relations.
The three persons of the Holy Trinity dwell within one another.
105
Fails because there isn's enough time elapsed before such stories could be circulated without being refuted.
Myth Theory
Hallucination Theory
Swoon Theory
Conspiracy Theory
106
Beyond the discernment of natural reason
That God is personal
That God is one
That God is a Trinity
That God is unchanging
107
What Christianity teaches about suffering
Suffering can be redemptive when united to Christ.
Suffering should be avoided at all costs.
Suffering is always a punishment from God.
Suffering is meaningless.
108
Logical Fallacy: After this, therefore because of this
Post Hoc
Ad Verecundiam
Hyperbole
Ad Hominem
