AP Euro - Important People Review

The last of the Tudor monarchs; was attacked by Spain for supporting the Netherlands in their rebellion against Spain

Ruled most of Europe before his ultimate defeat at Waterloo in 1815

Formulated the academic study of physics and calculus

The "Sun King"; arguably the most impactful "absolute" ruler in European history

His reforms of "perestroika" and "glasnost" precipitated the end of the Cold War and the Soviet Union

This French minister developed the system of mercantilism - enriching a "mother" country through the use of colonies

A copy of his painting, School of Athens, is hanging on the south wall of this classroonm

Leader during the radical "Reign of Terror" portion of the French Revolution, he was executed in 1794

1815-1848 is known as the "Age of __" in Europe due to a return to conservatism and monarchical government

Formulated the theory of relativity: space and time are relative while the speed of light is constant

King of England while England's first permanent colony in the Americas was established

"Guernica," an example of Cubism, was painted by

Catherine the Great invited this author of the Encyclopedie to live in Russia and advise her on "enlightened" absolutism

He asserted that all individuals have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Swedish king who was a expert military tactician, especially in the use of combined arms

His 95 Theses marked a major turning point in the history of Christianity

Early humanist, often credited with "starting" the Renaissance by looking back to classical texts of ancient Greece/Rome

His hypothesis advocated for heliocentrism - the Earth revolves around the Sun

King of France during the French Revolution - eventually executed via the guillotine

Spanish friar who openly spoke again the Spanish 'encomienda' in the mid-1500s

Russian leader who focused on obtaining a warm-water port for the developing Russian navy

His vision of a post-Great War world was summarized in his "Fourteen Points"

His attempts to imprison political opponents led to the English Civil War, which concluded with his execution

His essays on toleration and critiques of the Catholic Church had him banned at times from his native France

He issued the Edict of Nantes, which brought limited religious toleration to France in 1598

The first leader of the Soviet Union

Nihilism is often associated with this German philosopher

He ruled as "Lord Protector" of England in the years after the English Civil War

He wrote "The Courier" - a manual on how the ideal Renaissance man should act

British feminist of the late 1700s who argued that education was the key to acheiving and demonstrating women's equality

Considered one of the "fathers" of capitalism - argued that the "invisble hand" will guide market interactions

The founder of Methodism

The concept of Zionism originated with:

Warned the world that an "iron curtain" had descended upon Europe after World War 2

French philosophe that advocated for the seperation of the 3 powers of government

Former chancellor of Germany who believed in realpolitik - basing political positions on reality instead of ideology

Protestant reformer who advocated for predestination and a society run by a theocracy

"The ends justify the means" is often attributed to this European statesman

He was forced to abdicate in order for an Armistice to be accepted by the Allied Powers in World War 1

His poem "The White Man's Burden" was used as justification for "New Imperialism"