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Psych Final Exam
Psych Final Exam
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1
The nature-nurture issue is concerned with:
Heredity vs. environment
Developmental vs. chronological age
Chronological vs. longitudinal methods
Continuous vs. discontinuous development
2
Major ethical concerns in psychological research include deception, lasting harm, and:
Withholding results from participants
Morality of research questions
Invasion of privacy
Loss of future studies
3
Three criteria used to label abnormal behavior:
Deviance, distress, dysfunction
Aggressive, persistent, intentional
Unconscious motivations, difficult to change
Selfish, habitual, avoidable
4
During REM sleep people:
Exhibit darting eye movements
All of the above
Report vivid dreams
Show awake-like brain activity
5
Weekly Friday quizzes reinforce studying on what schedule?
Variable-interval
Variable-ratio
Fxed-ratio
Fixed-interval
6
Milgram’s obedience study is ethically problematic because:
He deceived participants
All of the above
IRBs didn’t exist
He didn’t debrief them
7
Alexia fears the dentist’s drill after painful dental work. This is:
Negative reinforcement
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Spontaneous recovery
8
There’s a strong correlation between childhood abuse and adult spousal abuse. Why can’t we say abuse causes abuse?
There is no control group
There is no experimental group
Violence runs in families
Correlations cannot prove cause and effect
9
Chemical messengers between neurons are called:
Neurotransmitters
Receptor sites
Transmission ions
Pheromones
10
A psychodynamic therapist explaining juvenile delinquency would emphasize:
Faulty parental rewards
Lack of societal values
Inherited predispositions
Early childhood experiences
11
Which is NOT true when studying the role of culture in psychology?
Culture influences therapy.
Culture affects development.
It really isn’t that important; all humans are the same.
Culture plays a role in intelligence definitions.
12
Reynaldo flinches at the sound of a toilet flush after being burned in the shower. The conditioned response (CR) is:
Taking a shower
Flinching and jerking away
Sound of the toilet flushing
Pain repetition
13
Sandra does homework early to earn computer time. The computer time is:
Negative reinforcement
An unconditioned response
A conditioned response
Positive reinforcement
14
Chemical messengers released into the junctions between neurons are called:
Transmission ions
Receptor sites
neurotransmitters
Pheromones
15
Russian fox-breeding experiment best reflects the _______ perspective.
Biological
Behavioral
Evolutionary
Veterinary
16
Joe manipulates others and lacks concern. What criterion of abnormality applies?
Distress
Dysfunction
Deviance
All of the above
17
Dr. Holmes reported inferential statistics to show the probability of future outcomes. Which goal of psychology?
explanation
control
prediction
description
18
To examine how economic status predicts political views, a researcher would use:
Naturalistic observation
Experimental research
Correlational method
Case study
19
In a study, those solving problems alone are in the ________ condition.
Survey
Experimental
Control
Correlational
20
In a study on social interaction and problem solving, participants working alone were in the ________ condition.
survey
correlational
experimental
control
21
To minimize bias in intelligence testing, psychologists created which type of tests?
Culture-fair IQ tests
Abstract reasoning IQ tests
Culturally balanced IQ tests
Culture-neutral IQ tests
22
Theorist most associated with stages of cognitive development in children:
Piaget
Freud
Darwin
Skinner
23
A procedure ensuring all population members have equal chance to be selected is:
Random sampling
Replication
Naturalistic observation
Correlational design
24
Delores learns relaxation and is gradually exposed to fears. Her therapist is a:
Cognitive theorist
Psychodynamic theorist
Humanistic theorist
Behavioral theorist
25
A research student plans to report the findings of Ivan Pavlov’s research on classical conditioning. Which is correct
Pavlov’s dog salivating when the meat powder was presented.
Pavlov’s dog saliva when he saw the meat powder.
Pavlov’s dog is salivating when the meat powder was presented.
Pavlov’s dog salivated when the meat powder was presented
26
A child stung by a bee now fears all flying insects. This illustrates:
Spontaneous recovery
Stimulus generalization
Shaping
Secondary reinforcement
27
To prevent ethical abuse, APA guidelines suggest:
All psychological harm must be corrected by counseling
Deception must always be avoided
Subjects must be treated with concern for health
All data must be public
28
If a culture is community-oriented & emphasizes group harmony and obedience to authority, it's most likely a(n) culture.
interdependent
collectivist
individualist
naturalist
29
Zimbardo’s prison study helps explain:
Cultural differences in prisons
Abu Ghraib guards’ behavior
Bystander apathy
Military obedience