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SOCI101: The Individual & Society PART 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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SOCI101: The Individual & Society PART 1
SOCI101: The Individual & Society PART 1
100 terms
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StudBud Administration
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4 plays
Groups & organizations, social structure, gender, sex & intimate relations, globalization
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Answers
1
A group’s ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles, & how they feel connected & united with others & society
Social Stratification
Social Solidarity
Social Strength
Social Stability
2
Horticultural & pastoral societies have a fairly high degree of gender equality because neither sex controls food supply
False
True
3
people who may never met one another but who share a similar characteristic (ed
ucation level, age, ethnicity, gender)
Category
Reference Group
Formal Organization
Network
4
The state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure
Social Stigma
Social Marginality
Structural Stigma
Social Stagnation
5
A web of social relationships that link a number of people and through them with others that those people know
Network
Linkage
Mark Zucchini
Referal Groups
6
A culture where members' primary focus is themselves & their immediate families, right of privacy, "I" conciousness
Collectivism
Positivism
Humanitarianism
Individualism
7
Durkheim says "rapid social change can lead to ______"
Alienation
Patriarchy
Dehumanization
Anomie
8
Occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a single person by two or more statuses held at the same time
Role Conflict
Role Distancing
Role Strain
Role Exit
9
____________ occurs when rules become an end in themselves other than a means to an end.
Goal Displacement
Disenchantment
Detatchment
Social Stratification
10
Internalized stigma that diminishes your self-esteem, self-worth, and sense of belonging
Self Stigma
Self Identity
Identity Stigma
Internalized Stigma
11
A culture in which the members are concerned more with the well being of the group than their own well being.
Collectivism
Individualism
Liberalism
Conservation
12
GROUPS:
2 or more people,
interact frequently, share a sense of belonging & interdependence
(family, workteam, ect)
Social Group
Category
Formal Organization
Aggregate
13
Sociological perspective primarily concerned with the role of ECONOMICS in society.
Feminist
Functionalist
Symbolic Interactionist
Conflict
14
Ingroup and outgroup distinctions may encourage ethnocentrism and promote classism, racism, sexism, and ageism
False
True
15
"The self as
dominated by a generalized other
leads to
a loss of the "I"
"
Spencer
Gennaro
Ritzer
Mead
16
This perspective focuses on "
gender inequality in various spheres, patriarchy is the oppressive principle"
Conflict
Matriarchy
Functionalist
Feminist
17
A group to which a person does not belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.
Outgroup
Alienation
Nepotism
Opponent
18
Organizational model: hierarchy of authority, clear labour division, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality
Bureaucracies
Total Institutions
Conformity Institutions
Formal Institutions
19
This perspective argues "social structure is necessary because it allows us to interpret experience in predictable ways"
Post Modern
Functionalist
Symbolic Interactionist
Conflict
20
_________ societies rely on agriculture-farming done by animal-drawn or mechanically powered plows and equipment
Pastoral
Agrarian
Agricultural
Industrial
21
Material signs that inform others of a status
(ex. conspicuous consumption, elite brand names, etc.)
Status Brand
Status Symbol
Status Set
Status Script
22
Select all
stages of Role Exit
Doubt while experiencing burn out
New role: new identity
Turning: the need to exit
Search for alternatives/temporary leave
23
The social fragmentation in
Gesellschaft Relations
concerned __________ as societies grew more complex
Durkheim
Weber
Marx
Martineau
24
Food surplus is generated thru ______ which allows society to diversify, as not everyone is needed for food production
Hunting/gathering
Equal division of labour
Social Stratification
Agriculture
25
"
Overstimulation
by objective culture and a monetary economy can lead to
apathy, aversion, hostility
"
Simmel
Mead
Herbert
Gennaro
26
This perspective argues
"individuals use social scripts, groups & organizations are superficial/shallow relationships"
Symbolic Interactionist
Post Modern
Conflict
Functionalist
27
_________ are most important in defining what males & females are, should do, and kind of relationships they should have
Biological givens
Social and cultural processes
28
The process where members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision many individual members privately believe is unwise.
Undermining
Groupthink
Private Reservations
Unconformity
29
Refers to the
culturally and socially constructed differences
between females and males
Sex
Sexual Orientation
Gender
Identity
30
"
Social saturation
of big business & corporate advertising arrests self-development, leads to the
"Hallmark Syndrome""
Ritzer
Mead
Gennaro
Milgram
31
In
Gesellschaft
associations, relationships are based on:
rational calculations, contracts, and _______ statuses.
Ascribed
Achieved
32
This perspective believes: "groups meet peoples' instrumental and expressive needs"
Conflict
Feminist
Functionalist
Post Modernist
33
This perspective focuses on how the
"characteristics of groups influence the kind of interaction that takes place"
Post Modern
Symbolic Interactionist
Micro Analysis
Feminist
34
As an ________, you are more aware of how society shapes people's lives.
Outsider
Insider
35
Attitudes, behaviour, & activities
socially defined appropriate for each sex-learned through the socialization process.
Gender Roles
Gender Scripts
Gender Beliefs
Gender Identity
36
Gender stereotypes define ______ as strong, rational, dominant, independent, and less concerned with their appearance.
Men
Women
37
In _________ societies: technology supports a service and information-based economy
Industrial
Preindustrial
Agrarian
Postindustrial
38
Sociology stresses
sex over gender
in determining whats appropriate for men & women to do,think,say, & become in society
False
True
39
Select all components of sexism towards women
Stereotypical beliefs that reinforce, complement, or justify the prejudice
Education and a solid sense of how to be a good human
Discrimination: acts that exclude, distance, or keep women separate.
Negative attitude towards women
40
"The
McDonaldization
of modern life leads to
dehumanization
"
Marx
Gennaro
Ritzer
TÖnnies
41
Status
, roles
, groups
, and social institutions
are all components of
___________
Social Structure
"I"
Society
Sense of Self
42
It is _________ that determines our most basic ideas of what sex means.
Sexual Orientation
Bias
Culture
Gender
43
Complex social forms that reproduce themselves
(family government, legal systems, economy)
Social Institutions
Social Statuses
Social Roles
Social Groups
44
"Due to
authority
, we are less capable of opposing negative social forces. This leads to
conformity & banality of evil
"
TÖnnies
Marx
Ritzer
Milgram
45
Sexism is interwoven with _______: a hierarchical system of social organization controlled by men
Matriarchy
Patriarchy
46
Your personally constructed appearance
Gender Expression
Gender Identity
Sexual Attraction
Biological Sex
47
In _________ societies,
social interaction
=
less personal, more status-oriented, & more focused on goals & objectives
Preindustrial
Industrial
48
Those born into privilege (_________) often occupy higher social roles when older
Achieved
Ascribed
49
Survival depends on social solidarity, members follow collective norms. Taboos strongly internalized, keeps group united
Modern Societies
Traditional Societies
50
A group’s or society’s definition of how a specific role should be played (
Police Officer,Politician,Father,Woman,etc.)
Social Expectation
Status Expectation
Gender Expectation
Role Expectation
51
Which theoretical perspective uses the "organic analogy" to explain social life
Robert Merton
Max Weber
Herbert Spencer
Talcott Parsons
52
GROUPS:
happen to be in the same place at the same time, have little else in common
(people stopped at a traffic light)
Primary Group
Aggregate
Ingroup
Outgroup
53
Typically a social position
involuntarily
conferred at birth
(sex; ethnicity; socio-economic status)
Given Status
Achieved Status
Master Status
Ascribed Status
54
When one shows a lack of commitment to a role, a technique to escape the stigma of a given role
Role Exit
Role Distancing
Role Insecurity
55
How a person actually plays the role
(Police are to protect and serve, but publicized abuses damaged the public’s trust)
Role Actuality
Role Conflict
Role Strain
Role Performance
56
_________: have little social stratification
(no food surplus)
,men & women=full economic partners, relatively egalitarian
Agrarian Societies
Horticultural Societies
Hunting & Gathering Societies
Postindustrial Societies
57
Most of the worlds population currently lives in ________ societies in various stages of industrialization
Agrarian
Agricultural
Hunting/gathering
Horticultural
58
"Due to
rationalization
, individuals are shaped by large organizations. This can lead to
disenchantment/despair
"
Weber
Gennaro
Mead
Ritzer
59
When incompatible demands are built into a single status (
nurse: compassionate, efficient, up to date w/ technology)
Unrealistic Expectations
Role Pressure
Role Incompatibility
Role Strain
60
How you understand/identify yourself
Biological Sex
Gender Identity
Sexual Attraction
Gender Belief
61
When
role expectations
are unclear. (
Are fathers expected to be nurturers? Should politicians be moral citizens?)
Unclear Role Expectation
Role Confusion
Role Controversy
Role Ambiguity
62
This perspective suggests: "groups involve
power relationships
where needs of members may not be equally served"
Post Modernist
Symbolic Interactionist
Conflict
Feminist
63
In ______ societies there is minimal division of labour and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.
Preindustrial
Industrial
64
The conforming instinct is exploited by institutions and large organizations, using it as a means to reach goals
False
True
65
All statuses a single person occupies at a given time
(in part forming one’s self-concept)
(female, mother, physician)
Status Set
Master Status
Achieved Status
Ascribed Status
66
Structured group formed to achieve specific goals (
universities, factories, corporations, military)
Informal Organization
Formal Organization
Total Institution
Reference Group
67
3 members, if one member ignores another or declines to participate, the group can still function.
Triad
Tripod
Triangle
Triathalon
68
Mechanical solidarity
characterizes _______, held together by strong traditions & members’ shared moral beliefs & values
Preindustrial Societies
Urban societies
Industrial Societies
Postindustrial Societies
69
("associations") in a large, urban society where
social bonds are based on impersonal & specialized relationships.
Gesellschaft
Gemeinschaft
70
People who do not identify with any gender identity/ someone who intentionally has no recognizable gender presentation
Intersex
Agender
Transsexual
Androgyne/Androgynous
71
Small, less specialized group in which members engage in face-to-face, emotion-based interactions over an extended time.
Family Group
Primary Group
Significant Others
Seconary Group
72
2 members, active participation of both members crucial for group's survival, provides an intense bond
Dyad
Triad
73
An ideology aimed at restoring communal ideas and practices
Communitarianism
Liberalism
74
The position one holds in society
(race, class, gender)
Social Stratification
Self Identity
Social Statuses & Roles
Social Scripts
75
Organic solidarity
characterizes________, which were held together by
members’ shared dependence on one another.
Industrialized Societies
Preindustrial Societies
Postindustrial Societies
Urban Societies
76
The means by which a society gains the basic necessities of life
(food, shelter, clothing)
Subsistence
Societal Capabilities
Agriculture
Hunting/Gathering
77
Define "sociology"
The systematic study of social currents & social facts.
The study of all human behaviour.
The study of societies.
The systematic study of human society & social interaction.
78
The process of maintaining/changing behaviour to comply with norms established by a society, subculture, or other group.
Conformity
Subordinance
Obediance
Groupthink
79
The most important status a person occupies, overriding ingredient in determining a person’s social position
Achieved Status
Master Status
Ascribed Status
80
The Feminist Perspective's view that males have more social power & privilege than females
Matriarchy
Sexism
Patriarchy
Male Supremacy
81
This perspective sees social structure
"as the means that limits personal options, forcing people into fixed categories"
Symbolic Interactionist
Conflict
Post Modern
Feminist
82
In
Gemeinschaft societies,
deviation from group norms is considered __________
Acceptable
Sometimes acceptable
Not acceptable
83
This thinker says groups & organizations "allows us to develop a sense of self
(self-concept)
& reach human potential"
Mead
Parsons
Marx
Durkheim
84
Set of behavioural expectations that is associated with a given status, determined by status set
Status Set Expectations
Status Set Roles
Roles
Expectations
85
Nepotism is appointing and promoting family and relatives even though they may not be as qualified or skilled
False
True
86
The sociological perspective focused on how individuals internalize & modify the social world
Feminist
Conflict
Symbolic Interactionism
Post Modern
87
("Community") Traditional societies where social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship, kinship, ect.
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
88
The division of labour in Canada between men & women in the middle & upper classes was decreased by industrialization
True
False
89
A social position assumed
voluntarily
as a result of choice, merit or effort.
(married, college grad, dentist)
Achieved Status
Master Status
Earned Status
90
Social stigma carried on by public & private services, healthcare & customer service workers, human resources, ect.
Professional Stigma
Self Stigma
Workplace Stigma
Structural Stigma
91
Larger, more specialized group which members engage in more impersonal, goal-oriented relationships for a limited time
Secondary Group
Total Institutions
Primary Group
Work Place
92
Select all factors that determine the gendered division of labour in a society
The supply and demand for labour
Compatibility of women's childrearing activities with certain types of work
Reciprocal respect & understanding
The type of subsistence base
93
When people
(voluntarily)
disengage from a social role that has been central to their self-identity
Role Exit
Role Change
Resignation
New Identity
94
A group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity with.
Outgroups
Ingroups
Reference Groups
Networks
95
_____________
refers to the automatic sense of belonging members experience.
Mechanical
Organic
96
Network of individuals bounded by a particular relationship
(fraternal associations, corporations, classmates)
Social Roles
Social Groups
Social Structure
Social Statuses
97
A group that strongly influences a persons behaviour and social attitudes, regardless if they are a member or not.
Reference Group
Influential Group
Counter Culture
Celebrity Culture
98
A physical/social attribute that devalues a person’s social identity, disqualifing them from full social acceptance
Taboo
Stigma
More
99
Socially defined position in a group or society that is characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties
Master Status
Status Set
Status
Achieved Status
100
Judgment & attitude of those around you, using negative labels in conversation, discrimination/prejudice based on labels
Social Stigma
Systematic Discrimination
Structural Stigma
Self Stigma
