CHAPTER 5: ANCIENT EGYPT

a body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen

collection of spells and prayers studied by Egyptians to reach the afterlife

branches of a river; area of fertile soil

city on the west bank of the Nile near the delta; home of the great pyramid

mighty warriors from western Asia; invaded & ruled Egypt for about 120 years; used iron weapons

Present-day country that was home to the Phoenicians

ancient capital of Egypt

line of rulers from one family

(2040bc-1786bc) empire expands to Nubia (south)

(1570bc-1075bc) militaristic and Hebrew slave period; mummification perfected

a bucket attached to a long pole to lift water from the Nile to basins

desert in northern Africa; largest hot desert in the world

god of mummification

god of the sun disc (created by Akhenaton)

Southern region of Egypt

Northern region of Egypt

(2700bc-2150bc) hieroglyphics & religion develop and pyramid building begins

“living spirit of Aton” ruled from 1351-1334bc; began movement against polytheism

also known as Menes, king of upper Egypt brought upper and lower kingdoms together

longest river in the world; the heart and soul of the ancient Egyptian civilization

material burned for its pleasant smell

pharaoh of old kingdom from 2586-2566bc; builder of the great pyramid of Giza

wife of Akhenaton

statue with a man’s head and a lion’s body; stands guard at the pyramids of Giza

huge stone structure used as a tomb for pharaohs; shaped to mimic the sun’s rays

ancient Egyptian term for deserts

all-powerful king of ancient Egypt

complex writing system that uses symbols

greatest ruler of ancient Egypt; ruled from 1279-1213bc

method of preserving a body for the afterlife

queen of Egypt from 1473-1458bc; declared herself “pharaoh”

city in southern Egypt; second capital of the Egyptian empire (middle kingdom)

god or goddess

payment made to demonstrate obedience or to obtain peace or protection

reed plant used to make baskets, sandals, river rafts and paper; also used in making mud bricks

country in northern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea

boy king who ruled from 1335-1325bc; died at the age of 18

nephew of Hatshepsut; pharaoh from 1479-1425bc

Egyptian prince who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt

group from Eastern Mediterranean: famous for wood products and alphabet