The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..

are using the availability heuristic

What is not a characteristic of groupthink?

gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
2
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
overextension
3
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
gamma
theta
delta
4
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial storage
5
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
6
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
7
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
8
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
9
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
medulla
10
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
11
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
William James
12
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
13
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
14
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
15
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test levels
test norms
test scores
16
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
17
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
fear
surprise
happiness
18
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
sequential
time of testing
cross-sectional
19
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
20
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
iris
cornea
lens
21
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
22
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
social charm
excessive guilt
23
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
24
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a heuristic observation
25
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recognition
recall
relearning
26
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
27
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
attributionism
collectivism
functionalism
28
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
29
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
classical conditioning
30
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
31
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
standard deviation
means
correlation coefficients
32
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
obsessions
delusions
illusions
hallucinations
33
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
34
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
35
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
36
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
37
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
change
frustration
conflict
38
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
39
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
40
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
41
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
42
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
43
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
44
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
45
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
hypnosis
perception
sensation
46
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
47
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
48
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
unipolar
dissociative
bipolar
49
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
teratogens
50
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
51
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
52
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
psychological instability
53
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
bottom-to-top processing
54
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
55
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a clinical psychologist
56
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
57
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
58
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
creativity
intelligence
59
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
60
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
fill-feed
car-nose
tree-bird
61
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
62
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
63
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
64
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
65
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
conformity
deindividuation
group polarization
social loafing
66
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
fear reaction
rat
rabbit
67
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
feeding
memory
68
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
pitch
decibels
timbre
69
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
70
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
71
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
72
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
print letters
sing a song
73
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
74
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
long-term
short-term
75
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
76
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
77
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
78
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
spatial
musical
79
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
80
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
personality
behavioral quality
attachment
81
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
82
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
unconditioning
extinction
spontaneous remission
83
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
84
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
85
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
amount of time awake
86
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
morphemic
mnemonic
platonic
phonemic
87
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
88
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
physiological recordings
89
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
antagonists
90
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
91
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
stirrup
cochlea
oval window
92
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
93
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
latency
anal
94
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
95
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
96
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
panic disorder
fugue
97
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
98
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
conventional
postconventional
preconventional
99
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
an obsession
a phobia
a compulsion
a delusion
100
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
101
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
cognition
mentalism
102
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
103
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he always gets in fights
104
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
105
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
106
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
107
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
functionalism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
108
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
109
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
110
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
111
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
saturation
brightness
color
112
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender differences
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
113
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
114
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
cerebellum
brainstem
reticular formation
115
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
116
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
117
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
118
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
behavioral
119
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
schema
semantic network
chunk
120
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
121
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
IQ
a percentile score
mental age
122
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
123
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
124
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
125
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
126
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
127
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
conservation
reversibility
egocentrism
128
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
129
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
encoded
modeled
130
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
a personality test
131
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
schizophrenic
anxiety
personality
132
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
133
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
been dreaming
134
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
the conscious
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
135
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
136
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
137
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
138
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
compensation
fixation
139
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
stimulus discrimination
shaping
step-wise conditioning
140
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
content
construct
absolute
criterion-related
141
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
142
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
143
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 2
stage 1
stage 4
144
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
145
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
146
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
median
midpoint
mean
147
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
148
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
smell buds
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
149
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
self-serving bias
150
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud