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AP Exam Review
AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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1
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
symmetry
constancy
closure
2
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a projective test
3
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
procedural
crystallized
fluid
4
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
social charm
aggressiveness
5
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
6
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
7
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
temperament
attachment
behavioral quality
8
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
9
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
conformity
group polarization
social loafing
10
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
abstract operations
11
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
oval window
cochlea
temporal lobe
12
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
13
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
14
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
alpha
beta
gamma
15
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
amount of time awake
exposure to light
16
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
17
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
18
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
cortex
19
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
20
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
21
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
22
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
possibility of false memories
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
23
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
24
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
25
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
26
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
bipolar disorder
marital problems
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
27
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the refractory period
28
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
29
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
30
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the experimental group
the correlational group
the control group
31
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
consciousness
sensation
hypnosis
32
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
avoidance
33
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
an amphetamine
34
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
schematizing
stereotypes
35
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
36
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
37
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 4
stage 1
stage 2
38
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
give cookie
39
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
40
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
tension produced by inconsistent cognition + behavior
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
41
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
42
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
43
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
44
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
45
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mode
mean
midpoint
46
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
limbic system
cerebellum
brainstem
47
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
48
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
mechanical
logical-mathemathical
spatial
49
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
50
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
superstitious behavior
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
51
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
52
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
individualism
53
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
latency
genital
anal
54
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
55
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
56
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
a personality test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
57
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
58
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
59
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
predictability
accuracy of inference
representativeness
60
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
61
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
encoded
modeled
retrieved
62
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
63
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
64
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
a compulsion
an obsession
65
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
limbic system
endocrine system
66
The last part of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
medulla
67
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
68
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
69
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
70
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
trust vs. mistrust
71
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
pressure
conflict
change
72
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
73
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
74
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
75
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
76
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
insight
77
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
78
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
79
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
80
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
81
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
82
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
a dispositional attribution
an external attribution
a situational attribution
83
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
84
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
food/meat powder
salivation
85
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
86
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
87
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
88
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
89
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
irrational thoughts
90
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
tie shoe laces
91
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
92
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
loud noise
93
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
chunk
semantic network
script
94
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the biological impulses that drive behavior
95
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
dopamine
96
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender roles
97
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
98
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
99
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
observational learning
100
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
