AP Psych: Unit 6 Developmental Psychology

True or false: Typically a male gets an X chromosome from the egg and a Y from the sperm

Influences immediately outside of microsystem. extended family, local government, parent's friends, media. Not culture.

order of stages of development (Piaget)

Genes vs. Environment

Cultures that encourage people to be dependent, to fit in, to be concerned with the group's needs

mental framework Piaget said we use to interpret our environment

Konrad Lorenz studied how ducks attach to the first moving thing they see. This is an example of

Menarche = the first menstrual period

First sperm emission

This part of the brain keeps developing until around age 25, better enabling people to control their impulses

primary sex characteristic; secondary sex characteristic

Mary Ainsworth found that children who formed ______ attachments explored freely & were sad when the caregiver left.

What is a cross-sectional study?

Erikson's key social task of ages 65-. To feel pride in how one has lived vs. shame

Which is the correct order?

Strange Situation: Children who cling to their mother's in the room and are upset when she returns

What is crystalized intelligence?

Individual whose gender identity is different from their birth-assigned sex

An elementary school aged child learns to master certain skills (math, reading, writing, spelling, handball)

Theory we learn our genders by observing and imitating as well as by being rewarded and punished

Stage when children are egocentric & lack an understanding of conservation

Erikson's key social task of ages 20-40

Term used for those with unusual combination of sex chromosomes, hormones and/or anatomy

influence of time period on a person's life

We learn our genders via vocabulary, toys, tv shows/movies, clothing, etc.

Walking, hitting, hugging

When an young child's basic needs are met, they develop ______

Parenting style where parents have few rules and punishments and allow children considerable freedom

Prospective ("Remember to....") memory increases as we age

A child does things without being asked (brushes teeth, packs lunch, makes breakfast)

Object permanence is awareness that things continue to exist even though they are not perceived

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can impact the relationships people form throughout their lifespans

Adolescent knows what they want to do & but haven't explored other options.

influence of culture and other larger systems

individual whose gender assigned at birth differs from their gender identity

The order of the stages of learning to walk is the same but the timing varies according to the child.

a person's characteristic emotional reactivity & intensity.

The supports other people might give a developing learner to help them. Vygotsky's term.

Researchers have found that there are ___________ for learning language and for attachment in certain animals

The ability to remember to perform acts in the future; declines with age

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the…

Adolescent has explored options and knows what they want to do and have taken on that identity.

the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period early in life

Harlow’s experiments with substitute mothers made of wire demonstrated the importance of what aspect of nurturing?

Menopause is the stopping of menstruation around age 50.

The most strict parenting style (rules, punishment, little room for discussion, few exceptions to the rules if any)

Cognitive Researcher(assimilation, accommodation, sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete & formal operational)

Process of learning gender roles and taking on stereotypical feminine or masculine roles

relationship between people's microsystems

Adolescent doesn't know what they want to do & haven't explored options

Rats put into enriched chages with toys and other rats had....

A child who can put themselves in another person's head and see things from their perspective has this

Accommodation definition:adjusting or changing one’s schema’s to account for new information

believing that things like dolls and stuffed animals have feelings

Strange Situation: Children who cling to their mother's in the room and are upset when she returns

Cigarette smoke, alcohol, and cold viruses are all considered...

Alzheimer's is an example of a(n)

All these decline as one ages: recall, strength, flexibility, reaction time, sensory sharpness, fluid intelligence

In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?

Gradual changes vs. Distinct stages as you age

According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is…

Adolescent is actively exploring additional identities.

Which is the correct order?

Which of the following is a Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia)?

Which of the following slows down wear of the telemeres?

disorder associated with difficulty perceiving and expressing emotion and having rigid interests

Strange Situation: Children who do not want to be close to their caregiver when she's in the room or when she returns

According to Erickson, you develop your ____, a part of who you are, from your group memberships

A child does things independently (holds spoon, puts clothes on)

reflecting both traditionally masculine and feminine characteristics

Self-identification as being male, female, or a combination

According to Erikson’s theory, adolescents are most primarily concerned in a search for…

Egocentrism definition

During what phase does a child finally undersand conservation?

Most people's sex chromosomes are XX or XY, but some people's reveal they are intersex

Plasticity declines as we age but our brains retain some plasticity throughout our lives.

What was Lev Vygostsky known for?

children's difficulty seeing another's perspective

Parallel play is where kids play next to each other but not together. Ex: Legos

immediate environment (family, school)

Not understanding that when 1 of 2 same-sized balls of clay are rolled into a snake that it can be rolled back to a ball

Assimilation definition

A principle difference between longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is the..

With age, people are ____ likely to catch common colds and ______ likely to get severe illnesses such as cancer.

holding a fork, tying shoes

At what age does generativity vs stagnation occur?

Strange Situation: Children who do not show any pattern to their behaviors when the mom leaves and returns

Traits like irritability stay the same over a lifetime vs. traits fluctuate during a lifetime

What does an authoritative parenting style include?

During this phase individuals can think abstractly (they can thing hypothetically & symbolically)

children often get upset when their caregivers leave them with other people (teachers, babysitters)

An 18-month old typically recognizes herself in the mirror. This self-awareness contributes to...

Sociocultural Differences exist in what's considered Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

 As an infant's brain develops, some neural pathways will decay if not used. This -use-it-or-lose-it process is known as

Biologically based growth processes such as learning to walk and puberty

children with a(n) _________ attachment don't explore when the mom is present and aren't happy when she returns

What is the rooting reflex?

expected behaviors of men and women

Cultures which encourage children to be independent, self-reliant, and explore their unique gifts