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Optical Fiber Theory for BICSI/FOA
Optical Fiber Theory for BICSI/FOA
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Homework from FOA fiber optics
Flashcards
124 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
The fiberglass rod inside many fiber-optic cables is for
Increasing the pulling tension
Limiting bend radius to preventing kinking
Winding the fibers around
Tying to messenger cables
2
Loss of fiber or any fiber in a cable is measured in
dB
Milliwatts
Microwatts
dBm
3
A fiber stripper removes the ? of the fiber.
Buffer coating
Cladding
Core
4
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Breakout cable
Ribbon cable
Loose tube cable
Armored cable
5
Fiber-optic links generally use two fibers for full duplex (bidirectional) links
False
True
6
? will facilitate installation, allow better planning for upgrades, and simplify testing
Safe workplace procedures
Low loss connectors
Good workmanship
Proper documentation
7
Fiber amplifiers & dense wavelength devision multiplexers (DWDM) work in the ? wavelength range
850-1300
1300-1550
1480-1650
650-850
8
Besides causing attenuation, dirt particles can cause scratches on the polished fiber ends.
True
False
9
Multimode fiber systems operation at speeds of 1 gigabit per second or more use ? sources.
LED
Distributed feedback (DFB) laser
Fabry-perot (FP) laser
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laster (VCSEL)
10
Telephone networks have been converted to fiber but fiber to the home is not yet feasible.
True
False
11
Which fiber specification is most important to the user and is an important factor in testing
Bandwidth
Attenuation
Numerical aperture
Core-cladding concentricity
12
Which type of dispersion affects singlemode fiber as well as multimode fiber
Differential
Modal
Chromatic
Polarization mode
13
Rays of light transmitted in multimode fiber are called
Reflections
Waves
Refractions
Modes
14
Metal components of cabling system installed in equip or telecom room must be grounded/bonded
True
False
15
Armored cable is used in outside plant installations to
Conduct lightning strikes
Protect from dig-up damage
Prevent rodent damage
Increase pulling tension
16
Min long-term bend radius of installed fiber-optic cable is usually specified as no less than
12"
10 times the cable diameter
20 times the cable diameter
1 meter
17
The ? protects the fiber from harm.
Jacket
Aramid fiber strength members
Primary buffer coating
All of the above
18
Total loss of fiber in cable plant is calc by multiplying attenuation coefficient of fiber by
The number of splices
The length
The number of connectors
The number of links
19
The most helpful info a worker can have when troubleshooting a cabling network for restoration
Documentation
Loss data on each fiber
OTDR traces
Phone number of a fiber-optic contractor
20
Which reference method is required for TIA 568
Two cable reference
Three cable reference
Any method as long as it is documented
One cable reference
21
Singlemode fiber has a smaller core than multimode fiber.
False
True
22
Ten dB corresponds to a factor of ? in power.
20
100
10
2
23
Outside plant cabling (OSP) can be installed by
Pulling in underground conduit
All of the above
Direct burial
Aerial suspension
24
Wavelength of light used for most fiber optic systems is in the ? region and ? to the human eye
Ultraviolet/ invisible
Ultraviolet/visible
Infrared/ Invisible
Solar/ visible
25
Outside plant cabling can be installed by
Aerial suspension
Pulling in underground conduit
Direct burial
All of the above
26
Splicing is very rare in premises networks.
True
False
27
The loss of a multimode graded index fiber is greatest at
1300 nm
1310 nm
1550 nm
850 nm
28
Premise cables in local area network (LAN) backbones often contain
Both multimode and singlemode fiber
Plastic optical fiber
Only singlemode
Only multimode
29
The OTDR should never be used without a "launch cable" also called a "pulse suppressor"
False
True
30
The advantage of a breakout cable over a distribution cable is
Breakout cable costs less than distribution cable
Breakout cable can be used indoors or outdoors
Brkout cable can be termed w/o extra parts to protect terms
The breakout cable has a smaller size and weight
31
Factory terminations use which method of attaching the connector to the cable
Anaerobic adhesive
Epoxy/polish
Any of the above
Prepolished/splice
32
The design of cables for high pulling tension in outside plant installations is usually
Tight buffer cable
Ribbon cable
Loose tube cable
33
The difference between a fiber-optic connector and a splice is
Splices need expensive tools
Connectors are demountable, while splices are permanent
Connectors are larger than splices
Connectors require adhesives
34
In an optical fiber, the light is transmitted through the
Buffer
Jacket
Cladding
Core
35
Cable ties used on fiber-optic cables
Can be used to hang cables from j-hooks or cable trays
Can harm cables it too tight, should be hand-tightened
Should be rated for the wight of the cables
Should be tightened firmly to prevent cable movement
36
Underground cable generally include a gel, powder, or tape for protection from
Moisture
Lightning strikes
Pulling friction
Fiber abrasion
37
Which of the following are NOT necessary in a centralized fiber-optic cabling architecture
Wall outlets
Network interface controller (NIC) cards
Telecom room
Repeaters or hubs
38
The first version of TIA/EIA 568 standard for premises cabling called of the use of
ST
LC
Any with FOCIS standard
SC
39
The ? of a laser makes the effective bandwidth of multimode fiber higher than with LEDs.
Restricted modal launch
Bandwidth
Higher power
Lower power
40
Fiber-optic network designers should have an indepth knowledge of
Fiber-optic components and systems
All of the above
Installation processes
All applicable standards, codes, and local regulations
41
Which on of the following performance requirements are not shared by connectors and splices
Repeatability
Low back reflection
Low loss
Durability under repeated mating
42
Reference cables must match the ? of the cables being tested
Connector type
Fiber size and loss specification
Fiber size and connector type
Fiber size and type
43
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Ribbon cable
Breakout cable
Loose tube cable
Distribution cable
44
The principle of operation of OTDRs is similar to
Lenses
Power meters and sources
Mirrors
Radar
45
Biggest advantage of optical fiber is its the most cost effective means of transporting info
True
False
46
The industry standard that covers structured cabling, both fiber and copper is
TIA-526-14
TIA-568
NECA-301
IEEE 802.3
47
It may be more cost effective for fiber-optic cabling in many projects to be custom designed
True
False
48
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Loose tube cable
Distribution cable
Zipcord cable
Breakout cable
49
The standard method of testing installed multimode cables in a cable plant is described in
FOTP-57
ISO 11801
OFSTP-14
FOTP-34
50
Fiber-optic network design involves
Planning the routes for all cabling or wireless
All of the above
Choosing appropriate cabling and media
Determining the types of communications systems involved
51
OTDRs are used in outside plant cables to
Find faults
All of the above
Measure length
Verify splice loss
52
What is the core size of singlemode fiber
5 mm
9 mircons
50 microns
63.5 mircons
53
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Loose tube cable
Ribbon cable
Distribution cable
Armored cable
54
What wavelengths are appropriate for use with multimode fiber
1310 & 1550
850 & 1300 nm
650 & 850 nm
850 & 1310 nm
55
Dangerous light from fiber-optic cables is bright and easily visible.
False
True
56
Connectors at each end of the cable plant should not be counted when calc the cable plant loss
False
True
57
Singlemode (SM) fiber has ? light-carrying core than multimode (MM) fiber.
The same size
A larger
A smaller
58
? of cable plant is part of design & install process for fiber-optic network that is overlooked
Planning
OTDR testing
Documentation
CAD-CAM drawing
59
Premises cables must be rated for ? to meet codes.
Fire retardance
Pull strength
Bend radius
Weight in cable trays
60
Cables that contain both multimode and singlemode fibers are called
XC cables
Hybrid cables
Mixed cables
Composite cables
61
Vertical cable runs should preferably be installed by
Calibrated pulling machines
Pulling slowly and carefully by hand
Dropping from above rather than pulling up
Pulling one floor at a time
62
Both mechanical splices and prepolished/splice connectors require a good ? to have low loss
Fiber loss
Cleave on the fiber being terminated
Cable design
Field polishing technique
63
Short wavelength 850-nanometer links can use ? detectors in the receiver
Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs)
Silicon
Germanuim
64
Metropolitan networks can involve which of the following systems
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance cameras
Emergency services and traffic monitorying
All of the above
Educational systems
65
To prevent the cable from twisting when pulling it, a worker should
Spin the cable off the spool
Pull with braided rope
Lubricate the cable
Use a swivel eye
66
Armored cable is used in outside plant installations to
Protect from damage from dig-ups
Prevent rodent damage
Increase pulling tension
Conduct lightning strikes
67
Physical contact (PC) polish on connectors is designed to reduce
Polishing time
Loss and reflectance
Loss
Reflectance
68
Cable plant loss should be estimated during the ? phase
Troubleshooting
Installation
Design
Testing
69
Cables should always be pulled with ? to prevent damage
Nylon rope
Tension gauge
The cable's strength members
Kellums grip on jacket
70
Singlemode transceivers use ? sources for their higher coupled power and bandwidth.
VCSEL
F-P laser
DFB laser
LED
71
Fiber is used in long-distance data networks because it is much cheaper than copper wire.
True
False
72
The bandwidth and distance capability of optical fiber means that
Fewer cables and repeaters are needed
Less maintenance is required
Less power is consumed by the network
All of the above
73
Structured cabling installed to TIA-568 standards uses a ? cabling architecture
Tree
Ring
Star
Bus
74
Fiber-optic network designers should have a knowledge of
Electrical power systems
All of the above
Communications designs
Hardware
75
Discussions of which is better are no longer relevant, as fiber is the only choice
False
True
76
Any cable that contains metallic conductors must be properly grounded and bonded
True
False
77
How many methods are included in standards for setting the "0dB" reference for loss testing
1
2
3
4
78
Loose tube cable requires a ? to terminate with connectors
Strain relief
Tube stuffer
Breakout kit
Splice closure
79
The first consideration for any network is choosing the proper fiber-optic cable type
True
False
80
Which fiber-optic test instrument uses backscattered light for measurements
Visual fault locator (VFL)
Optical loss test set (OLTS)
Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR)
Tacer
81
What type of source is used for testing singlemode fiber
VCSEL
Laser
LED
82
Most outside plant (OSP) installations are single-mode (SM) fiber
True
False
83
Fiber optics is used in cars to connect their electronic systems.
True
False
84
Most SM field terminations are made by fusion splicing a factory made pigtail onto the cable
False
True
85
Identify the following connector
SC
MTP
LC
ST
86
Multimode transceivers use ? sources depending on their rqmts for coupled power and bandwidth
F-P laser
All of the above
LED
VCSEL
87
To choose a cable properly one needs to understand, install, envir specs
False
True
88
Upgrading cables in a TR, old cables can be cut back to wall & left, as long as its firestopped
False
True
89
In an industrial environment, fiber is most often used to
Provide ultra-high speed connections to machines
Prevent electromagnetic interference
Tolerate physical abuse
Withstand high temperatures
90
Black polyenthylene jackets are used on outdoor cables for
Appearance
Abrasion resistance
High tensile load
Sunlight and moisture resistance
91
Copper Networks can be converted to fiber optics using
Rewiring
Patch panels
Fiber hubs
Media converters
92
Most premises networks today should use ? MM fiber but backbone cables can contain ? fibers
OM3/singlemode
OM2/OM3
OM1/OM3
OM1/singlemode
93
Concatenation or the joining of two cables in a long outside plant run is almost always done by
Mechanical splicing
Field installation of connectors
Splicing on pigtailed connectors
Fusion splicing
94
Cables tested with an OTDR do not require insertion loss testing with a source and OLTS
False
True
95
The diameter of an optical fiber is traditionally measured in
Meters
Millimeters
Microns (micrometers)
Nanometers
96
What test instrument(s) are used for insertion loss testing
OTDR
OLTS or light source and power meter
Visual fault locator (VFL)
97
In singlemode connectors, ? is as important as low loss
Low reflectance
Low cost
Compatibility with many cable types
Ease of field termination
98
The first requirement that must be considered for a new fiber-optic project is
Whether it will be multimode or singlemode fiber
Where the cable plant will be run
The customers communications system requirements
The customers budget
99
Industrial app often use fiber-optics for its noise immunity rather than distance & bandwidth
True
False
100
Which fiber typically has the largest core
Plastic optical fiber (POF)
Multimode step index
Multimode graded index
Singlemode
101
In premises applications, OTDRs are limited in usefulness by their
Output power
Distance capability
Software
Distance resolution
102
The SC and LC connectors have different size ferrules and cannot be mated
True
False
103
MM graded-index glass fiber-optic cables are tested with ? sources at ? and ? wavelengths
Laser/1310/1550 nm
LED/650/850 nm
LED/850/1300 nm
Laser/980/ 1400 nm
104
Identify the following connector
LC
MTP
SC
ST
105
Singlemode fiber has ? bandwidth than multimode fiber
More
Less
The same
106
What connector style is now specified in the latest 568 standard
SC
Any connector with a FOCIS document
MT-RJ
LC
107
Identify the following connector
ST
LC
SC
MTP
108
No cable should be installed indoors unless it
Is UL listed for flame retardancy for NEC
Is colored orange to indicate fiber optics
Is enclosed n innerduct or conduit
Has the length printed on the cable jacket
109
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Loose tube cable
Armored cable
Distribution cable
Breakout cable
110
Light-emitting diode (LEDs) have higher output power and bandwidth than lasers.
True
False
111
Most building management systems use ? cabling
Coax
Proprietary copper
Fiber optic
Structured
112
Optical fibers can transmit either analog or digital signals.
True
False
113
Information on the safety of chemicals used in fiber optics are
Available from Nation Institutes of Health
In material safety data sheets supplied by manufacturers
Rarely useful
Required to be in every installer's took kit
114
Identify the following connector
MTP
LC
SC
ST
115
What is needed to get low loss from a prepolished/splice connector
Good cleave
Good stripping techique
Proper cable type
Gentle crimp
116
Under pulling tension, the bend radius should not be less than
10 times the cable diameter
20 times the cable diameter
5 times the cable diameter
50 times the cable diameter
117
Cables with metallic conductors as well as fiber are called
Composite cables
XC cables
Mixed cables
Hybrid cables
118
Always keep ? on connectors when not connected to equipment or being tested.
Strain relief boots
Sticky tape
Dust caps
Mating adapters
119
Testing a fiber-optic installation may require
All of the above
Final testing of end-to-end loss
Testing each segment as installed
Testing the cable before installation
120
Identify the proper designation for the following cable type
Ribbon cable
Armored cable
Loose tube cable
Zipcord cable
121
Which of the following communications systems typically use fiber-optic backbones
All of the above
CATV
internet
Telephones/ cellphones
122
All outdoor cable are specifically designed to
Prevent moisture damage to the fiber
Prevent rodent damage to the cable
Be direct buried for ease of installation
Include large numbers of fibers
123
The protective gear every VDV installer must always wear is
Eye protection
Plastic apron
Shoe covers
Gloves
124
The largest contributor to fiber attenuation is
Scattering
Absorption
Microbends
Bending losses