enlightenment, release from samsara

What was the concept of Brahman?

"One True Reality," perfection, and transcended the physical world

What is the meaning of synoecism?

a coming together of households/tribes to live as a community

attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others

What was hieroglyphics?

the form of writing in Ancient Egypt

little figures meant to provide for the pharaohs in the afterlife

How did the Aryans invade the Indus Civilizations?

gradually, the came in tribes and conquered the town, it took years

earliest form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia

Why did Siddartha Guatama practice ascetism (denying oneself)?

he wanted to find solace after he witnessed multiple kinds of suffering

How did Ancient Mesopotamia and the Hebrews differ concerning religion?

Mesopotamia was polytheistic & Hebrews were monotheistic

where Siddartha first began teaching others his experience

What are Boddhisattvas?

beings who delay their withdraw from the world to help others reach Nirvana

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midterm 1; history 121

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ancient mesopotamia to ancient china

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Questions 87

Answers

1
Who were the Shudras and what body part did they represent?
laborers/servants, feet
kings/warriors, arms
priests, mouth
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
2
What is Nirvana?
experiencing severe suffering
lucid dreaming
a shrine
enlightenment, release from samsara
3
The Valley of Kings was a series of above ground pyramids.
False
True
4
What is lex talionis?
the sanctity of marriage
law of vengeance/retribution
act of honoring the parents
emphasis on the importance of priests
5
What was the concept of Brahman?
the individual soul
meditation
reincarnation
"One True Reality," perfection, and transcended the physical world
6
Who killed and cut Osiris up into pieces?
his son, Horus
his brother, Set
his wife, Isis
Anubis
7
What is the meaning of synoecism?
a flooding of the sea
a coming together of households/tribes to live as a community
an invasion of an outside people
having a democratic government
8
Mesopotamia was between what two rivers?
Yellow & Yangtze
Aegean & Tiber
Nile & Indus
Tigris & Euphrates
9
A goal of Daoism was to achieve Wuwei-disengagement from the world
True
False
10
Who was the first emperor of China?
Wu Zhao
Hongwu
Kublai Khan
Qin Shihuangdi
11
What is Ren?
worshipping the gods
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
filial piety; respect elders
12
The Qin Dynasty rose to power by building a massive army and conquering nearby regions.
False
True
13
What was hieroglyphics?
the language of the Hebrews
the form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia
the writing of Ancient Greece
the form of writing in Ancient Egypt
14
What is the largest and longest collection of Veda?
Book of the Dead
Rig Veda
Analects
Log Veda
15
The physical world is the opposite of the Brahman.
False
True
16
Who was Horus the son of?
Akhenaten & Nefertiti
Osiris & Isis
Isis & Set
Anubis & Ma'at
17
What were Shabtis?
little figures meant to help someone reach enlightenment
little figures meant to provide for the pharaohs in the afterlife
relics that held the spirits of the gods
another name for priests
18
Who were the Brahmins and what body part did they represent?
farmers/artisans/merchants, thighs
priests, mouth
kings/warriors, arms
laborers/servants, feet
19
The Pyramid at Giza is one of the "7 Wonders of the Ancient World."
False
True
20
What was a Raja?
a servant
a farmer
a widowed women
a warrior king
21
What was the Atman?
cycle of reincarnation
an individual soul
the physical body
a state of perfection
22
Why was Ramses II significant?
he built the Pyramid at Giza
he massively expanded Egypt
he made Egypt monotheistic
he was the god of the afterlife
23
Yin & Yang were two elements of Qi that acted as interacting/opposing/complementary forces.
False
True
24
In Confucianism, there was no need for education
True
False
25
Ancient China had a matriarchic authority.
True
False
26
Vedas were a combo of songs, prayers, stories, ect meant to explain the mythology & to make sense of the world.
True
False
27
How did the Aryans invade the Indus Civilizations?
gradually, the came in tribes and conquered the town, it took years
quickly with the use of a huge army
28
Who were the Kshatriyas and what body part did they represent?
kings/warriors, arms
priests, mouth
laborer/servants, feet
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
29
What is a polis?
a series of wooden poles
a divine being
a city-state
30
Every year at the same time, the Nile would overflow the banks and then recede back, leaving behind very fertile soil.
True
False
31
Which is NOT a characteristic of Yin?
female
passive
cold
bright
32
Siddartha sat under a tree called Bodh Gaya where he contemplated the nature of suffering and experienced enlightenment.
False
True
33
What was cuniform?
a varna/caste group
earliest form of writing in Ancient Mesopotamia
the language of Ancient Greece
Ancient Chinese style of writing
34
What is the most famous Coffin Text?
"The Book of the Dead"
"The Life of King Tut"
"How to Reach the Afterlife"
"The Death of Ramses II"
35
The Hebrews were nomads/nomadic.
False
True
36
The Noble Eightfold Path is a key part of the Four Noble Truths.
True
False
37
During the Period of the Warring States, every region was at complete peace with each other.
True
False
38
Which direction does the Nile River flow?
south to north
east to west
west to east
north to south
39
Greek colonization spread Greek culture all over the Mediterranean.
True
False
40
With Confucianism, who would be the leaders in a ideal society?
Buddha
Junzi
Upanishads
Rajas
41
Which one is NOT a reason synoecism might happen?
the worship of a common deity
to share resources
overpopulation
for security
42
Who was Akhenaten's wife/queen?
Cleopatra
Nefertiti
Hatshepsut
Isis
43
Why did Siddartha Guatama practice ascetism (denying oneself)?
he never did this
he wanted to find solace after he witnessed multiple kinds of suffering
he wanted to talk to the gods
he was lonely
44
In which era were the pyramids built?
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Predynastic/Dynastic Egypt
Old Kingdom
45
How did Ancient Mesopotamia and the Hebrews differ concerning religion?
No difference, they both worshipped multiple gods
No difference, they both worshipped Yahweh
Mesopotamia was polytheistic & Hebrews were monotheistic
Mesopotamia was monotheistic and Hebrews were polytheistic
46
The two branches of Buddhism are Hinayana and Mahayana.
True
False
47
King Tutankhamun returned the capital of Egypt to Thebes and brought back the worship of many gods.
False
True
48
What is Deer Park?
where Siddartha first experienced Nirvana
a place to worship the gods
where Upanishads taught others
where Siddartha first began teaching others his experience
49
Qin created a system of common weights and measures to facilitate trade across the territory & built a series of walls.
True
False
50
What was the law code for the Hebrews?
Torah
Analects
Four Noble Truths
Law of Hammurabi
51
What are Boddhisattvas?
where the souls of the dead go to
beings that aid pharaohs in the afterlife
figures that hold the souls of the gods
beings who delay their withdraw from the world to help others reach Nirvana
52
What was Moksha?
Atman is totally liberated/free from physical world; state of perfection
cycle of reincarnation
group of farmers
sacred texts
53
Which one is NOT part of the Four Noble Truths?
The elimination of desire will eliminate suffering
All life is suffering
Desire is the cause of all suffering
Suffering comes from experiencing Nirvana
54
What were Ensi?
another name for the emperor in Ancient China
the rulers in Ancient Egypt
enlightened beings from Buddhism
king-priests in Ancient Mesopotamia
55
Ancient Egyptians believed the ruling pharaoh was a human/physical manifestation of Horus.
True
False
56
Legalism had no use for individuality and emphasized strong state craft.
True
False
57
What is Qi?
enlightenment
act of getting revenge
the experience of suffering
cosmic energy, life force
58
What were Upanishads?
another name for Pharaohs from Egypt
the creators of Buddhism
people would lead a Greek polis
wise men who would share teachings, expand on what was already taught
59
What was the purpose of the pyramids?
market place
burial tombs for pharaohs
marriage alters
place for religious gatherings
60
What dynasty is known for their use of bronze & for using oracle bones-the first example of Chinese writing ?
Shang Dynasty
Qin Dynasty
Han Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
61
What person did Buddhism start with?
Laozi
Confucius
Homer
Siddartha Guatama
62
Athens had a strong navy, largely due to their use of triremes.
False
True
63
What are Varnas?
priests
forms of yoga
sacred texts
the caste system in Ancient India
64
Qin established his base of operations/capital at Changan.
True
False
65
What was karma?
determined how/where the Atman was reborn (based on good/bad deeds)
liberation from the physical world
discipline by denying yourself pleasures
cycle of reincarnation
66
The Peloponnesian War was fought between which two city-states?
Thebes & Corinth
Athens & Corinth
Athens & Sparta
Sparta & Thebes
67
In Ancient China, they held the belief that the soul transported from the departed body into a...
bodhisattvas
soul tablet
veda
shabtis
68
In Mahayana ("greater vehicle"), it's believed that more people can experience Nirvana & that Buddha is a divine being.
False
True
69
What does Veda mean?
"king"
"the river"
"social order"
"wisdom, knowledge"
70
Who were the Vaishyas and what body did they represent?
kings/warriors, arms
artisans/merchants/farmers, thighs
priests, mouth
laborer/servants, feet
71
What was Samsara?
reincarnation, cycle of life and death of the Atman
the individual soul
mystic texts
state of perfection
72
Who was the founder of Confucianism?
Siddartha Guatama
Kong Fuzi
Han Feizi
Laozi
73
Where was the capital of the Old Kingdom (2700-2200) in Egypt?
Memphis
Thebes
Alexandria
Siwa
74
Who was the founder of Daoism?
Siddartha Guatama
Han Feizi
Laozi
Kong Fuzi
75
What were jati?
hymns
mystics
sub-varnas
form of currency
76
What are stupas?
pretty fountains found in Greek city-states
shrines/holy sites usually dedicated to Siddartha
steep mountains
multi-purpose structures in Mesopotamia
77
"Junzi" were known as superior persons in terms of virtue.
True
False
78
How did Qin rule?
with democracy
with socialism
with an oligarchy
with legalism
79
What were pharaohs?
leader of a Greek polis
the kings of Ancient Egypt
Hebrew priests
kings of Ancient India
80
What did the Hoplite Revolution do?
it brought more participation into the political process
it recognized women as eligible soldiers
it introduced a massive navy
it forced people to serve in the military
81
What is Xiao?
filial piety; respect elders
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
worshipping the gods
82
What varna did Siddartha Guatama come from?
Vaishya
Shudra
Brahmin
Kshatriya
83
Which is NOT a characteristic of Yang?
male
weak
active
hot
84
Upper Egypt is located in the north of Egypt.
False
True
85
Why was Akhenaten controversial?
he had all the pyramids torn down
he declared Aten was the only god and outlawed the worship of other dieties
he declared Osiris was the only god that should be worshipped
he had over 100 children
86
What is Li?
attitude of kindness & benevolence; helping others
sense of propriety, understanding hierarchy/place in society
filial piety; respect elders
worshipping the gods
87
Where was the capital of the New Kingdom (1560-1087) in Egypt?
Siwa
Memphis
Nile
Thebes

midterm 1; history 121 Flashcards | StudBud