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Biology Final Review (Walker by Shahab) Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Final Review (Walker by Shahab)
Biology Final Review (Walker by Shahab)
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1
What is global warming?
When emissions from vehicles causes the earth to get warmer and warmer.
Summer time, when it is really hot.
The long-term heating of Earth's climate system.
When the icebergs melt because of heat.
2
What is an anticodon?
Three nucleotides that bind to a matching tRNA codon
Four nucleotides
Three nucleotides that bind to a matching mRNA codon
Three nucleotides
3
What is the importance of meiosis?
To create genetically identical cells
To produce haploid gametes
To create genetically varied cells
To maintain a constant number of chromosomes
4
A dihybrid cross involves a single trait.
TRUE
FALSE
5
What is biomagnification?
The capacity to digest waste material of higher trophic levels
The tendency of chemical substances to be hoarded in the body
Concentration and toxicity of pollutants increase in higher trophic levels
The amount of energy needed to process toxic chemical compounds
6
What is Meiosis?
cell division that makes four daughter cells each with half the number
Mitosis
Sexual reproduction of Daughter cells
Cell division That ends with two daughter cells
7
Competition is living organisms helping each other in order to gather resources.
True
False
8
Gene flow is...
movement of individuals in and out of a population
the ability of genes to leave a population
the variety of genes in a population
all of the individuals in a population
9
Define translation
copy both strands of the DNA for cell division
translate the mRNA message into a protein sequence
transcribe one strand of the DNA as a message
transfers amino acids to the m RNA
10
Type A blood has _______ antigens on it
O
A
B
AB
11
Why did Mendel use Pea Plants for his studies?
Pea plants grow quickly
Pea Plants can be grown in large numbers
all of the above
Pea Plant reproduction can be manipulated
12
What are the three sources of genetic variation?
Independent assortment
All of the above
Random fertilization
Crossing over
13
What is a pedigree chart used for?
To predict how many chromosomes someone will have.
To trace back genes in families.
To figure out your genotype.
To trace back traits in families.
14
What is gamete?
a cell that is red
like egg/ova and sperm
special type of cell
boiled egg and sperm
15
What are ecological equivalents?
Ecosystems that are equally sized.
Species that use similar niches in different habitats.
The study of humans and their relationship with the environment.
Ex: Rabbits and Birds both equally eat carrots as a source of nutrients.
16
What is the definition of X-Chromosome Inactivation?
X chromosome is turned off randomly in each cell (males only)
X chromosome is turned off randomly in each cell (females only)
X chromosome is turned on by the Y chromosome in each cell (males)
X chromosome is turned on in each cell (both males and females)
17
Why do cells divide at different rates?
How often the cell is used, wear and tear.
Chromosomes are bigger
It has more chromosomes
Cell size
18
How many males are there in this pedigree?
4
2
8
3
19
What is a niche?
A niche.
A comfortable or suitable position in life or employment
The role an organism plays in a community.
Something related to biology.
20
What Are Chromosomes?
A double helix but with mutations
I dont know
A part of heredity that sometimes doesn't happen
A strand of DNA that is encoded with genes
21
What is the best definition of a Test Cross?
Test crosses are used to determine an unknown phenotype
Test crosse is used to find the unknown genotype of 1 parent
Test crosses are used to determine an established phenotype
Test crosses are used to confirm a pure breeding strain
22
What is a reason that cell size is limited?
There is no limit to the size of a cell
Transportation of nutrients
Diffusion of substances
Removing wastes out of the cell in an efficient manner
23
Dominant alleles are always...
both
lowercase; the allele that will be masked
capital letters; the allele that will show up
24
What Is Evolution?
Species that have similar traits.
quick changes over short period of time
The development of organism's that develop traits through genrations.
Organisms characteristics that change over a short time span.
25
Define replication
copy both strands of the DNA for cell division
mutates DNA
editor of the DNA
copies strand of DNA for cell division
26
What is a difference between meiosis I and meisosis II?
meiosis I has a prophase, but meiosis II does not
nuclear membranes form during meiosis II but not meiosis I
Cytokinesis occurs during meiosis II but not meiosis I
meiosis II ends in 4 haploid cells instead of 2 diploid cell
27
What scientific discovery did Rosalind Franklin make?
The structure of DNA.
Laws of Motion
Infrared Light.
Nuclear fission.
28
What is Genetic drift?
Gradual changes in gene frequencies due to random events
Speciation due to organisms
1 & 3
The number of organisms per unit area.
29
What is a karyotype?
Pairs of squiggly lines that have no meaning
A picture of a family tree that shows traits
A spread of chromosomes that are taken from a cell
30
What is the greenhouse effect?
A house that is painted green.
The earth getting warmer due to pollution adding to the earths atmosphere.
When the greenhouse malfunctions, and the plants start to die.
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere.
31
How many unique gametes could be produced by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCDdEE?
64
8
16
4
32
What is a chromosomes role in determining an individual's sex?
SCIENCE?!
XX = Boy XY = Girl
Shares X and Y Chromesome
XX = Girl XY = Boy
33
How many alleles do each person carry for a trait?
2
4
3
1
34
The offspring that result from a cross between two purebred organisms.
F2
F1
F3
P1
35
Transcribe the following DNA strand: AATTGCCGA
UUAACGGCU
AATTCGGCA
TTAACGGCT
36
What is nondisjunction?
Homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis
Random distribution of chromosomes during meiosis
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Exchange of genes during metaphase of mitosis
37
What are the four main stages to the cell cycle?
G1, G2, G3, Mitosis
G1, S, G2, Mitosis
G1, S, G4, Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase,
38
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
amino acid
glycerol
glucose
39
What are four factors that can affect the population size?
Emigration, Immigration, Death rate, Birth rate.
People wanting to go to vacation/motor home living/camping/caveman life.
Death due to Pandemics/Epidemics/Viruses/Bacterial Infections.
People that want to move to another house/state/country/neighborhood.
40
The environment does not have an affect on phenotype
False
True
41
What is convergent evolution?
organisms evolve with similar structure w/different function
non-related organisms evolve to have the same adaptation
42
What is a carrier in genetics?
A healthy person who can pass a disease on to offspring
A sick person who can pass a disease on to offspring
Someone who has a disease
Someone who doesn't have a disease
43
When gene flow between two populations stops, the potential for _____ exists.
sexual selection
hybridization
sexual reproduction
speciation
44
what are punnette squares?
genes
adaptations
possible offspring of 2 parents
gene
45
What does homozygous mean?
having the same alleles
dominant
recessive
having different alleles
46
If a population is at Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium then that population is...
Experiencing genetic drift
Not Evolving
Evolving
Changing in allele frequency
47
What is cytokinesis?
Gametes
Budding
Starting over the process of Mitosis.
The separation into two daughter cells.
48
The difference between analogous and homologous structures is
Analogous = similar functions; homologous = common ancestor
Analogous = common ancestor; homologous = similar functions
There is no difference
49
What do the initials RNA stand for
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribosenucleic Acid
Ribulosenucleic Acid
50
What three theories of geologic change set the stage for Charles Darwin's theory?
Castrophism, gradualism, and uniformitarianism
evolution, uniformitarianism, and catastrophism
51
What is the phenotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous organisms following Mendelian genetics?
1:2:1
2:2
1:0
3:1
52
Why are sex-linked disorders more common in males than in females?
males have two X chromosomes, while females have one
males have a single X chromosome, while females have two
males are more vulnerable to genetic disorders than females
females have two Y chromosomes, while males have one
53
What is behavorial isolation caused by?
similarites in mating and courting behaviors
differences in mating and courting behaviors
54
What do the initials DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Definitely Not Attractive
Detect Network Access
Do Not Answer
55
what is interphase?
Moves to opposite ends
copies DNA
Cell grows
Cell membrane pinches
56
What is geographic isolation?
When birds migrate for the winter.
When a species is brought to a new area by humans.
When a bear hibernates in a cave.
When a species becomes separated and they evolve into two new species.
57
Allele Frequency is a measure of?
The Frequency a certain Allele appears in a population
How frequently an Allele is mentioned in a single animal's DNA strand
Allele's aren't real
The number of imposters to Crewmates
58
Two phenomena that cause genetic drift are...
Founders effect and Bottleneck effect
behavioral isolation and geographical isolation
Founder effect and geographical isolation
Bottleneck effect and geographical isolation
59
What is a mutation?
any change that is harmful to an organism
any change in a gene or chromosomes
any change that is helpful to an organism
any change in the phenotype of a cell
60
What is a codon?
three nucleotides forming a unit of gene code in DNA or RNA
an inorganic chemical and a salt of phosphoric acid
compound made of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group
a molecule that can donate a proton in reactions
61
What is Ecological Succession?
The process of the structure of a biological community changes over time.
When you have success in a task that you have just completed.
Erosion due to abiotic factors including water, air, and clashing of rocks.
When you get a dub while playing...
62
What is a pedigree chart?
It shows genetic disorders inherited in a family
it shows the color of hair you will get
It is a family tree
it is a game of cards
63
What are polygenic traits?
traits that are determined by 2 or more genes
Traits that are determined by 1 or more genes
Traits that are from one god
Traits that are from multiple gods
64
What are the five conditions required to maintain HWE?
Mutations, natural selection, gene flow, bottlenecking
no mutation;random mating;no gene flow; larger population size;no slection.
bottleneck effect, non random mating
65
What is genetic variation?
When the DNA in an animal's body is mixed with another's
When a class of 30 students all dye their hair different colors
When there is a mix of DNA-based characteristics in a species of animals
When an animal has a variety of DNA in their body
66
What does heterozygous mean?
Idk
Same
Different
Dominant
67
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Long periods of stasis followed by sudden changes
Long periods of change
Slow changes from one species to another
Constant environmental conditions
68
What is the difference between a diploid cell and a haploid cell?
All gametes are haploid all body cells are diploid.
All of the above
Diploid cells have 2 of each chromosomes haploid have 1.
Haploid cells are made at the end of meiosis diploid are not
69
Gene pool refers to ...
the complete set of alleles in a species
the complete set of chromosomes in a population
the complete set of genes in a species
the complete set of alleles in a population
70
Carrying Capacity is the is the number of living organisms that a region can support without environmental degradation.
True
False
71
Transcription is ....
mRNA to protein
DNA directly to protein
Copying DNA
DNA to mRNA
72
What is divergent evolution?
non-related organisms evolve to have the same adaptation
organisms evolve with similar structure w/different function
73
Define mitosis
Division of the nucleus into one daughter cell
Multiplication of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter cells
Division of the nucleus into two genetically identical daughter nuclei
Nuclei
74
What are the four key points of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection
Variations, heredity, survival & reproduction
Variance, traits, survival & production
Adaptation, survival, variation & population
Survival of the fittest
75
What is artificial selection?
Nature chooses which orgnaisms will survive and reproduce
Nature chooses which environment is best for an organism
Humans choose which organisms will survive and reproduce
Humans choose which environment is best for an organism
76
What is temporal isolation?
Differences in the time that individuals breed
Differences in the way that individuals breed
Differences in the location that individuals breed
Differences in the number of individuals available to breed
77
What are three different types of Symbiosis?
Parasites, Transactions, Compatibility
Bacteria, Courtship, HWE
Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism
Money, Money, Money
78
Your mother and father both have a recessive autosomal disorder.
You have a 25% chance of having the disorder.
You have a 100% chance of having the disorder.
You have a 50% chance of having the disorder.
You have no chance of having the disorder.
79
The modes of Natural Selection is
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Stabilizing Selection
All of the above
80
What is microevolution?
changes in many genes in a population over time
Change you can see in allele frequency in populations over few generations.
formation of new species over time
Complexity of an organism over time
