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Marine Science Semester 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Marine Science Semester 1 Review
Marine Science Semester 1 Review
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Semester review
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1
How do you treat a mild Portuguese Man-of-War sting?
vinegar
benadryl
hot water
cold water
2
When in sea water, what would happen to a fish's cells if it's not able to cope with osmosis?
the cells would swell and burst
the cells would shrink and collapse
the cells would stay the same
3
The reason why green, red, & brown algae appear the colors that they do is due to the:
lack of chlorophyll in brown and red algae
other pigments in brown & red algae that mask chlorophyll
the absence of chlorophyll in green algae
4
True/False. Dead jellyfish washed up on the beach are not capable of stinging.
True
False
5
Which statement is FALSE about water?
It is a liquid at room temperature
It is essential in carrying out many biochemical reactions
It does not dissolve other substances easily
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water's unique properties
6
The arthropod skeleton is important for the following reasons EXCEPT:
it keeps the animal from drying out
it provides protection from predators
it allows for movement at all regions of the body
it supports the body
7
Seaweed is also known as
macroalgae
microalgae
8
Which is NOT true about pearls?
they are made by the radula
they form when a grain of sand acts as an irritant
they are made by bivalves
9
Which type of algae secretes a calcium carbonate shell and binds coral colonies together?
red algae
green algae
brown algae
10
True/False. A sea wall helps reduce beach erosion in the long term.
False
True
11
Sea otters keep warm in the following ways EXCEPT:
lower metabolisms than other marine mammals
consuming an abundant amount of food
a layer of trapped air in the fur
thick fur
12
What is a disadvantage of the arthropod exoskeleton?
it provides support
it leaves the animal vulnerable while the new one hardens
it restricts the # of possible appendages
it causes the arthropod to dry out
13
Why is rising ocean acidity a threat to many types of marine life?
It decreases the amount of sunlight that can pass thru water
It increases the spread of bacterial diseases
It deprives the water of oxygen
It makes it hard for shell making animals to make a shell
14
This type of sea star has its organs spread throughout its body and arms
sea cucumbers
true sea stars
brittle sea stars
sea urchins
15
Manatees are most closely related to:
fish
dolphins & whales
seals & sea lions
elephants
16
What are mangroves?
birds that live in estuaries
grasses found in salt marshes
man-made areas of plant growth on the coast
trees that can survive on the coast in warm saltwater
17
What do all mollusks have in common?
a soft body
a shell
a radula
18
In sea stars, the process of digesting prey includes:
sticky tubes that contain toxins
a stomach that can be pushed outside the body to engulf prey
one opening for both food and waste
digesting a shelled organism whole, including the shell
19
Which is FALSE about jellyfish stings?
Rinsing a jellyfish sting with fresh water can help
Dead jellyfish washed up on the beach can sting
Rinsing a jellyfish sting with vinegar or saltwater can help
Tentacles should be removed
20
What can cause a rip current to form?
when saltwater meets freshwater
when warm water meets cold water
when a sandbar breaks, or a small trench is formed
21
A diurnal tide means that the area has a daily tide cycle of:
one high tide and one low tide each day
two unequal high tides and two unequal low tides
two equal high tides and two equal low tides
22
True/False. Rip currents pull swimmers under the water.
True
False
23
The following are characteristics of arthropods EXCEPT:
internal skeleton
segmentation
jointed legs
body divided into a head, thorax, and abdomen
24
What is the correct indication that the vinegar (acid) test tells about sand?
Fizzing = abiogenic
Fizzing = biogenic
25
Which tide occurs when the sun, moon, and earth are at a 90° angle to each other?
neap tide
mixed tide
spring tide
26
True/False: The ocean has little resources to offer humans besides food.
true
false
27
Because of osmosis, organisms have the tendency to ________ when surrounded by seawater.
lose water
gain salt
gain water
lose salt
28
More erosion (sand loss) usually happens during what season of the year due to stronger storms?
winter
summer
29
Water molecules have the tendency to move from places of _______ salt to _______ salt
more; less
less; more
30
When a wave hits shore, the following happens EXCEPT:
wavelength shortens
the wave speeds up
the wave height increases
top of the wave goes faster than the bottom of the wave
31
What type of sand is made from hard, once-living material?
biogenic
abiogenic (lithogenic)
32
A food web shows:
one linear predatory path among organisms in an ecosystem
distribution of energy & abundance of organisms in ecosystem
many predatory interactions among organisms in an ecosystem
33
What happens to water molecules when it turns from a liquid to a solid (ice)?
the molecules get denser
the molecules weigh more
the molecules are more spread out
the molecules get smaller
34
Which is NOT true about the gas bladder in seaweed?
allows the algae to absorb more of the sun's energy
increases buoyancy
contains air
transports water & nutrients to other parts
35
These echinoderms can move with spines in addition to tube feet.
sea cucumbers
sea urchins
true sea stars
brittle sea stars
36
The seaweed that forms large floating mats in the mid-Atlantic and provides a habitat is called
sea lettuce
sargasso weed
giant kelp
sea palm
37
About how much of the Earth is covered with ocean?
90%
50%
30%
70%
38
A high surfing wave that forms due to strong winds blowing a long time over 1000's of miles is:
a tsunami
a rogue wave
a monster breaker
39
The function of the stipe is to do the following EXCEPT:
give flexibility in strong storms
transport water and minerals to other parts of the algae
provide support
serve as an attachment site for blades
40
An important ocean discovery is that shark skin:
can detect bacteria
serves as a model to slow down bacteria growth on surfaces
contains chemicals used in chemotherapy drugs
has regenerative properties that may be used in humans
41
These echinoderms can defend themselves by eviscerating some of their internal organs.
sea urchins
true sea stars
brittle sea stars
sea cucumbers
42
What does the color of sand BEST indicate?
how old the sand is
if it has been wind-blown or not
the original source of the sand
how much wave and wind energy the sand has experienced
43
Which is TRUE about arthropod reproduction?
reproduction is asexual
parental care is provided to offspring
on hatching, offspring are large enough to avoid predators
large numbers of offspring are usually produced at a time
44
Which tide occurs when the sun, moon, and earth are lined up?
mixed tide
neap tide
spring tide
45
True/False. The holdfast performs the same functions as plant roots.
False
True
46
True/False. Evaporation makes water less salty.
True.
False.
47
Tides are caused by
only the moon's gravitational pull
mostly the moon's pull, with some effect from the sun
mostly the sun's pull, with some effect from the moon
only the sun's gravitational pull
48
The feeding mode of these echinoderms is only through filter feeding with plant-like arms.
crinoids
sand dollars
brittle sea stars
true sea stars
49
If sea otters are removed from the kelp forest ecosystem, what happens?
The urchin populations decrease.
The kelp growth rate increases.
The kelp and kelp forest food web collapses.
The habitat shows little to no change.
50
Which is TRUE of box jellyfish?
they have a highly developed brain
their venom is not as strong as other jellyfish venom
they have eyes and can distinguish color
51
What is the most common source of waves?
wind
underwater landslides
movement of ships
earthquakes
52
Sand that is 1mm in size is most likely _________ than sand that is 3mm in size.
closer to its source
farther away from its source
53
Which of the following are safe to eat during a harmful algae bloom & why?
meaty muscle parts of shrimp/crab; they don't absorb toxins
clams, mussels, oysters; they don't absorb the poison
livers/soft tissues of shrimp/crab; they filter out toxins
54
What time is it especially NOT good to swim in order to avoid a shark attack?
dusk or dawn
daytime
nighttime
55
Which is NOT true of estuaries?
Are areas of changing salinities due to fresh & salt mixture
Protect coastal environments by reducing erosion & flooding
Are wastelands that serve no purpose
Provide protection to many species of juvenile fish
56
The best way to escape a rip current is to:
swim parallel to shore, then directly back at a 90° angle
swim parallel to shore, then back at a wide angle
swim against the current back to shore
57
What is the impact of the ocean on Earth's climate?
Without it, Earth's climate would be extreme & not livable.
It doesn't affect Earth's climate.
It makes Earth hotter at the equator & cooler at the poles.
It prevents heat from moving to other parts of the world.
58
True/False. Osmoconformers keep their internal salt levels
different
than the surrounding water
True
False
59
The process of cutting up Nomura jellyfish and dumping them back into the ocean:
is successfully controlling their populations
is resulting in more jellyfish than to begin with
doesn't actually kill the individuals brought up in nets
is causing their populations to plummet (decrease)
60
A rip current can most easily be spotted by the following clues EXCEPT:
channel of choppy water
similar color in comparison to the surrounding water
gap in the wave pattern
line of foam, seaweed or debris moving out to sea
61
Angular or rounded sand is a description of its _______.
sorting
shape
size
color
62
True/False. Coastal power plants help save manatees but interfere w/their migration instincts.
False
True
63
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation to cope with wave action?
stinging cells
muscular foot
tube feet
ability to secrete a cement-like substance
64
What happens during the formation of a dead zone?
Algae make more O2 thru photosynthesis than amount used up.
When algae die/decompose, they use up more O2
The production of O2 equals amount of O2 that is used up.
65
In clams, the siphons are used to:
bring water in & push it out
all of the above
get food & oxygen
66
True/False. Kelp forests are found in cool waters with plenty of nutrients and sunlight.
True
False
67
Bivalves have:
no shell
2 shells hinged together
1 shell
68
Which structure makes the mollusk's shell
radula
mantle
siphon
69
Mangrove roots:
cannot be used as a habitat because of their toxic bark
trap sediments & silt that can be polluted, protecting reefs
are entirely underwater & allow it to "breathe" from water
70
When do tides occur?
50 minutes earlier each day
at the same time each day
50 minutes later each day
71
Which is TRUE about the environment meiofauna are found in?
live in environments with very fine sand grains
are not found in deep parts of the ocean
require "in-between" sized sand grains for space + moisture
can be found on beaches above the water in dry zones
72
True/False. The older the sand is, the sharper the edges get.
False
True
73
The functions of the water vascular system include the following EXCEPT:
digesting food with enzymes
capturing prey
gas exchange
movement
74
Manatees live in ____ waters due to the fact that they have ______.
both warm & cool; the ability to survive in both climates
warm; little body fat
cool; lots of blubber
75
True/False. Cnidarians have 2 openings in their digestive tract: one for food & one for waste
False
True
76
Which is NOT true about the cnidocyte?
it digests food
it pumps venom into prey
it functions in both defense and capturing prey
it contains a barb that sticks into the prey
77
The form of cnidarians that is free-floating instead of attached to the bottom is called the:
medusa
polyp
78
True/False. Shell- making mollusks ADD salt to the ocean.
False
True
79
Which zone (of the intertidal zone) is the most diverse due to more hospitable conditions?
high tide zone
low tide zone
middle tide zone
spray zone
80
What is the purpose of molting in arthropods?
to grow larger
to shed parasites
to withstand greater water pressure
to attract a mate
81
The Gulf of Mexico is currently:
increasing in the number of coral reefs
very healthy
all of the above
under threat due to agricultural runoff
82
A current that runs parallel to shore is called a:
longshore current
rip current
density current
83
The effects of an oil spill on sea otters include the following EXCEPT:
The layer of air is no longer trapped
May be toxic if ingested by the sea otter
The otter may freeze to death
Prevents water from penetrating the skin
84
The dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is caused by:
the Gulf Stream current
seasonal hurricanes
constant bright sunlight in the Gulf
excess nutrients (nitrogen/phosphates) washed in by MS river
85
How does the nautilus maintain buoyancy?
It has a gas bladder like fish
Its shell makes it float
Its shell has gas filled chambers
86
What is the relationship between meiofauna & the health of beaches?
Meiofauna decrease health of beaches b/c they carry diseases
Healthy beaches tend to have very few meiofauna
Meiofauna improve health of beaches b/c they eat bacteria
Unhealthier beaches have more amounts & types of meiofauna
87
Comb jellies are different from cnidarians because:
they move using cilia
they reproduce differently
they do not have stinging cells
all of the above
88
Why is the ocean salty?
sodium and chloride react in the water and form salt
glaciers melting
seaweed
rocks from land and sea erode
89
Which is true of meiofauna?
Can have adhesives, hooked appendages & claws to grab sand
Are organisms that live in the sand, like seashells & crabs
Reproduction is external with eggs cast out into the ocean
Have soft, sphere-shaped bodies
90
What produces most of the Earth's oxygen?
phytoplankton
kelp forests
land forests
zooplankton
91
Which is TRUE about the mesoglea in cnidarians?
it is made up of 10% water
it digests food
it provides support
it is thinner in medusa forms than in polyp forms
92
True/False. The greater the fetch the higher the wave height gets.
False
True
93
Sorting of sand means
the color variations
the shape of the grains
how well the grains are separated by size
94
The animals that have a feeding structure called an Aristotle's lantern are called:
brittle sea stars
sea urchins
true sea stars
sea cucumbers
95
Which structure is designed to keep an entry point for boats free from sand?
breakwater
groin
jetty
96
Which of the following would NOT contribute to an algae bloom?
high nutrient levels
cloudy weather
not as many predators of algae
calm waters
97
True/False. Eutrophication means an imbalanced ecosystem due to high nutrient levels.
True
False
