What is a strength of Raine et al's brain study?

It used state of the art technology to investigate brain function

Eysenck's research on the criminal personality relied on self-report studies. What is a weakness of these?

Respondents may be dishonest or biased

What is a strength of Left Realist explanations of criminality?

It offers real-world solutions to reducing crime

What is a strength of labelling theory?

It highlights the role of media in labelling behaviour as deviant

A strength of twin studies into criminality is that are natural experiments. What is a 'natural experiment'?

There's no manipulation of variables by the researcher

Which theory supports Freud's conclusions about the impact of early childhood trauma on adult behaviour?

Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Theory

What is a strength of Marxist explanations for criminality?

Marxism explains the crimes of the bourgeoise as well as the proletariat

Which of the following is a criticism of Right Realist explanations of criminality?

Ignores other explanations for criminality, e.g. poverty

Which of the following is a weakness of Lombroso's theory?

It is biologically deterministic

What is a strength of Lombroso's research into the causes of criminality?

He adopted a positivist approach to research

Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment lacks ecological validity. Why?

The experiment was conducted in the artificial setting of a lab

Which of these is a weakness of the XYY Theory of criminality?

It ignores the impact of other factors, e.g. social learning

Why are adoption studies into the causes of criminality flawed?

Information about the biological parents may not be available

What is a strength of Merton's Strain Theory?

It explains the prevalence of recorded crime in working-class areas

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Criminology: evaluating criminological theories (Unit 2, AC 3.2)

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Answers

1
What is a strength of Raine et al's brain study?
The sample size was huge
It makes it easier to distinguish between the impact of nature & nurture
His findings were supported by Sheldon
It used state of the art technology to investigate brain function
2
Eysenck's research on the criminal personality relied on self-report studies. What is a weakness of these?
These create only qualitative data
The researcher is likely to be biased
Self-report studies require close control of variables
Respondents may be dishonest or biased
3
Whose study supported Sheldon's conclusions about somatotypes?
Glueck & Glueck
Jacobs et al.
Lombroso
Christiansen
4
What is a strength of Left Realist explanations of criminality?
Left realist policy solutions have been influential on governments
It offers real-world solutions to reducing crime
Right realists accept that offenders don't rational choices to offend
It explains white-collar crime
5
What is a strength of labelling theory?
It offers real-world solutions to crime
It explains the link between social inequality & offending
Becker etc. relied on data from self-report studies
It highlights the role of media in labelling behaviour as deviant
6
A strength of twin studies into criminality is that are natural experiments. What is a 'natural experiment'?
The researcher manipulates the independent variable
The researcher controls all extraneous variables
There's no manipulation of variables by the researcher
Both the independent & dependent variables are controlled
7
Which theory supports Freud's conclusions about the impact of early childhood trauma on adult behaviour?
Merton's Strain Theory
Sutherland's differential association theory
Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Theory
Becker's labelling theory
8
What is a strength of Marxist explanations for criminality?
Unlike other theories, Marxism is not deterministic
Marxism explains the crimes of the bourgeoise as well as the proletariat
Marxists explain why some groups are labelled as deviant
Marxism establishes a link between relative deprivation & crime
9
Which of the following is a criticism of Right Realist explanations of criminality?
Right Realist policy solutions to crime are expensive for governments
Ignores the victims of crime
Ignores other explanations for criminality, e.g. poverty
Right Realist assumptions about the causes of crime are deterministic
10
Which of the following is a weakness of Lombroso's theory?
His sample size was too large
His conclusions relied on qualitative data
It is biologically deterministic
His conclusions was vague
11
What is a strength of Lombroso's research into the causes of criminality?
He relied on qualitative data
He adopted a positivist approach to research
He proved that criminality is biological in origin
He conclusively proved that criminality is not linked to biology
12
Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment lacks ecological validity. Why?
There was no control of variables
The control group only included children
The experiment was conducted in the artificial setting of a lab
There was no control group
13
Which of these is a weakness of the XYY Theory of criminality?
This theory makes cultural assumptions
XXY Theory doesn't offer real-world solutions to crime
It ignores the impact of other factors, e.g. social learning
Not enough is known about chromosomes
14
Why are adoption studies into the causes of criminality flawed?
These rely too much on qualitative data
Adoption studies rely on secondary data
Information about the biological parents may not be available
These rely too much on primary data
15
What is a strength of Merton's Strain Theory?
It focuses on the impact of social interactions on criminals
It includes all social classes in its analysis
It explains the prevalence of recorded crime in working-class areas
It explains the causes of white-collar crime

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