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Chemistry
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1
What makes up the primary composition of hair?
keratin
protons
trace minerals
electrons
2
A shampoo type generally recommended for clients who are bedridden and cannot wet their hair is known as:
soapless shampoo
conditioning shampoo
anti-dandruff
non-aerosol powder dry shampoo
3
In what pH range is skin and hair?
6.5 to 7.0
4.5 to 5.5
11.5 to 12.0
7.5 to 10.5
4
Distilled water with a pH of 7 is considered:
an alkali
a salt
an acid
neutral
5
Mixtures of fats and oils converted to fatty acids by heat and then purified is
ointments
suspensions
soaps
powders
6
What is the side bond that is of the greatest concern to the salon professional?
van der Waals forces
salt bond
disulfide bond
hydrogen bond
7
Basic substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances are called:
molecules
compounds
solids
elements
8
A mixture of secretions from the sebaceous glands and perspiration from the sweat glands is called the:
acid mantle
hydrophilic
active agent
surfactant
9
Why is chlorine added to the water purification process?
to add minerals
to add lather
to kill bacteria
to add blue color
10
When amino acids combine to form the protein of the hair:
they take on a spiraling configuration
the hair's amino acid content will decrease
the hair's amino acid content will increase
they form a new amino acid group
11
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen form the basis of:
amino acids
mixtures
compounds
elements
12
A substance that is able to dissolve another substance is called a(n):
ointment
solvent
powder
emulsion
13
Electrons have which type of electrical charge?
positive
neutral
negative
none
14
What is used for hair that has been damaged by strong alkaline shampoos, chemicals or heat styling?
vinegar rinse
medicated rinse
conditioner
cream rinse
15
On the pH scale, numbers less than 7 indicate a(n):
neutral solution
alkaline solution
chemical solution
acidic solution
16
The term used to identify anything that occupies space is called:
matter
a solid
a gas
organic
17
All matter that is now living or was alive at one time, with carbon present, falls within the scientific division of:
anatomy
organic chemistry
physics
inorganic chemistry
18
What is the name given to purifying water by passing it through a porous substance?
hydrophilic
emulsion
sedimentation
filtration
19
Which shampoo would most likely be used to remove product buildup?
powder dry shampoo
clarifying shampoo
conditioning shampoo
thinning hair shampoo
20
The ability of hair to absorb moisture, liquids or chemicals refers to the hair's:
porosity
elasticity
manageability
texture
21
Matter with definite weight, volume and shape is known as:
matter
organic
a gas
a solid
22
An ingredient found in conditioners making hair easier to comb and control static is:
hydrogen peroxide
dimethicones
fatty alcohols
amines/quats
23
Which of the following statements describes how human hair is formed?
salt bonds connect to amino acids
hydrogen bonds create a chemical change
bonding of protein chains to other protein chains
amino acids cause a simple physical change
24
Hair comprises two solids which are carbon and sulfur and three gases which are hydrogen, nitrogen and:
propane
oxygen
helium
neon
25
The type of rinse used to control minor dandruff and scalp conditions is a:
medicated rinse
cream rinse
conditioning rinse
vinegar and lemon rinse
26
Neutrons have which type of electrical charge?
chemical
positive
negative
none
27
An example of an oil-in-water emulsion is:
lipstick
blush
styling lotion
perm solution
28
Amino acids that create proteins are linked together end to end by:
salt bonds
alkaline bonds
peptide bonds
side bonds
29
Atoms have three main parts: protons, neutrons and:
electrons
elements
compounds
neutrons
30
Which bonds found in the hair can be easily broken by heat or water?
van der Waals forces
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
31
The term used to identify anything that occupies space and has weight is called:
matter
a gas
organic
a solid
32
pH balanced refers to a product that ranges from a pH of:
6.5 to 7.0
7.5 to 10.5
11.5 to 12.0
4.5 to 5.5
33
Protons have which type of electrical charge?
none
neutral
positive
negative
34
An acid rinse (pH of 2-3) designed to dissolve soap scum, untangle and separate hair and add sheen is a:
cream rinse
vinegar rinse
conditioner
medicated rinse
35
The simplest atomic structure is:
sulfur
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
36
Water molecules have two hydrogen atoms and one:
sulfur atom
nitrogen atom
oxygen atom
helium atom
37
The chemical symbol for carbon is:
Co
Cb
Ca
C
38
Why is it sometimes recommended to add heat during the process when working with conditioners?
to strengthen the cuticle
to open the cuticle
to close the cuticle
to loosen the cuticle
39
Humectants are what type of ingredients?
promote dryness
body-building
moisturizing
add oil
40
What is the pH range of hair, skin and nails?
6.5 to 7.0
11.5 to 12.0
7.5 to 10.5
4.5 to 5.5
41
On the pH scale, numbers greater than 7 indicate a(n):
alkaline solution
acidic solution
chemical solution
neutral solution
42
If the pH of a shampoo is too alkaline (or too acidic), the hair fiber can:
loosen
appear healthier
swell
become compact
43
How far can healthy hair be stretched without breaking when wet?
0.5
0.1
0.3
0.75
44
Which of the following statements about surfactants is NOT true?
used to remove oil from the hair
prevents shampoo from lathering
contains a lipophilic part
contains a hydrophilic part
45
The primary ingredient of most shampoos is:
conditioner
dimethicones
minerals
deionized water
46
Which shampoo contains temporary color molecules that adhere to the outer cuticle of the hair and deposit color?
all-purpose shampoo
color shampoo
acid-balanced shampoo
soapless shampoo
47
What color does red litmus paper turn when placed in an alkali?
white
green
orange
blue
48
Water freezing and becoming ice is an example of what type of change?
elemental
molecular
physical
chemical
49
Matter with definite weight but indefinite volume and shape is called:
organic
a solid
a gas
a liquid
50
The atomic number of a particular element indicates:
the number of protons in a single atom
the number of atoms in a single element
the number of electrons in a single atom
the number of neutrons in a single atom
51
Acids tend to taste:
sour
sweet
salty
bitter
52
What does the manufacturer provide that is the best source of specific information about a product?
SDS
USP
EPA
FDA
53
Mixtures of two or more kinds of molecules, having a tendency to separate when left standing, are known as:
solutions
suspensions
ointments
emulsions
54
Hair consists of 97%:
trace minerals
keratin
protons
electrons
55
The scientific study of matter and the physical and chemical changes of matter is known as:
chemistry
physics
psychology
anatomy
56
Mixtures of organic substances and a medicinal agent are:
ointments
solutions
suspensions
emulsions
57
Which of the following items has/have definite weight and volume but no definite shape?
oxygen
hair
conditioners, solutions and shampoos
ice cube
58
A solution that has more positive hydrogen ions than negative hydroxide ions is:
acidic
neutral
alkaline
slightly alkaline
59
Alkalis tend to taste:
salty
sweet
bitter
sour
60
All matter that is not alive, has never been alive and does not contain carbon, such as rocks, water and minerals is
organic chemistry
physics
anatomy
inorganic chemistry