what is the founder effect

isolation causing evolution of new life (such as islands)

The biological species concept defines a species as

Population that can mate and produce fertile offspring

form a stronger outer layer in sponges

the formation of a body part from fusing segments

Define Selective Breeding

selecting organisms with desired trait to be parents

Different parts of the body grow at different rates

What is transformation?

geno& phenotype of cell are altered by uptake of foreign DNA

The principle of parsimony states that

the preferred hypothesis is the simplest

How did the hinged jaw develop?

developed from pharyngeal arches

Define balancing selection

When heterozygous organisms have a higher fitnesses than homozygous ones

Actinopterygii refers to which group of animals?

Ray-finned Bony fishes (salmon)

Which of the following is a correct list of the groups within Ecdysozoa?

Nematodes, Spiders, Water Bears, Arthropods

Gene flow describes the...

Movement of genes from one population to another

What is microevolution?

Evolution that occurs below the species' level

A paraphyletic group:

includes a given ancestor, and some but not all of its descendants

What is an example of horizontal gene transfer?

two bacterial cells exchanging a plasmid

Define biomagnification

Pollutants become concentrated as it moves up the food chain

The bottleneck effect is:

population when few members of a species survive an event

what is primary succession

succession that starts off with pioneer species

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BIO 1 FINAL REVIEW

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Questions 71

Answers

1
If the researchers wanted to investigate the food-webs in the pond systems, what is the maximum number of trophic levels
2
6
3
7
2
Red birds= 10 offspring; blue=8; yellow=2. what is the relative fitness of yellow birds?
.13
.6
.2
.8
3
Darwin came up with the theory of evolution by himself
False
True
4
What is the single most important abiotic factor?
light
Temperature
salinity
pH
5
Selective breeding can only act on genetic variation that is already present in a population.
True
False
6
inbreeding increases genetic variation
false
true
7
what is the founder effect
species that occupy different niches
none of these
a natural disaster that shrinks the population
isolation causing evolution of new life (such as islands)
8
The biological species concept defines a species as
Population that is able to mate successfully
Populations that live in the same ecosystem
Population that can mate and produce fertile offspring
Groups of organisms in a population that share traits
9
A disadvantage of the arthropod cuticle is that it forces fertilization to be external
False
True
10
Spicules
help amebocytes to carry food to other cells.
form a stronger outer layer in sponges
are an extinct group of sponges.
form a strong internal skeleton in sponges
11
Tagmata....
the crustacean exoskeleton
a plant type
the arthropod endoskeleton
the formation of a body part from fusing segments
12
Define Selective Breeding
higher chances of adapting
selecting organisms with desired trait to be parents
any difference between individuals of the same species
species compete with one another
13
largest, but least productive aquatic biome
coral reef
open ocean
shores
14
biofilm function
all of these
HGT (horizontal gene transfer)
communication
food storage
15
Charophyceans are the protist group most closely related to which group of multicellular organisms?
porifera
fungi
land plants
archaea
16
Heterochrony is when
Different parts of the body grow at different rates
Loss of juvenile traits in an adult
Retention of juvenile traits in an adult
Different parts of the body grow at the same rate
17
What is transformation?
carrying of bacterial genes
Resistance genes
geno& phenotype of cell are altered by uptake of foreign DNA
genetic material transferred between two cells via sex pili
18
Motoo Kimura's neutral theory of evolution says most of the genetic variation in a population is due to neutral mutation
False
True
19
The principle of parsimony states that
RNA was the first nucleic acid
bacteria are unable to undergo macroevolution
strong similarities exist between P and F1 generations
the preferred hypothesis is the simplest
20
How did the hinged jaw develop?
developed from pharyngeal arches
developed from pharyngeal slits
developed from pharyngeal eggs
21
This domain of unicellular prokaryotes have cell walls with peptidoglycan
Archaea
Bacteria
Excavata
Unikonta
22
Define balancing selection
When homeostasis is reached
When the frequency of recessive alleles is equal to dominant
When heterozygous organisms have a higher fitnesses than homozygous ones
when homozygosity and heterozygosity are equal
23
Actinopterygii refers to which group of animals?
Snails, Slugs, Clams, Squid
Egg-laying Mammals
Ray-finned Bony fishes (salmon)
Butterflies
24
Which of the following is a correct list of the groups within Ecdysozoa?
Nematodes, Echinoderms, Water Bears, Gastropods
Mammals, Insects, Reptiles, Amphibians
Nematodes, Spiders, Water Bears, Arthropods
Nematodes, Echinoderms, Horse Hair Worms, Insects
25
Gene flow describes the...
Movement of genes from one generation to the next
Movement of genes from one population to another
Movement of genes within a population due to interbreeding
Exchange of genes during recombination
26
What is microevolution?
Evolution that occurs below the species' level
A change in the species' cell development
A change in a species' overtime
A change in the species' genes
27
protist thats closely related to animals
algae
diatomes
choanoflagellates
ciliata
28
cladogenesis requires the absence of
natural selection
speciation
gene flow
genetic drift
29
what is NOT a domain
bacteria
archaea
eukaria
protista
30
A paraphyletic group:
includes a given ancestor, and all of its descendants
is missing an ancestor and one or more descendants
includes a given ancestor, and some but not all of its descendants
31
What is an example of horizontal gene transfer?
a horse and a donkey having a mule, a hybrid offspring
two bacterial cells exchanging a plasmid
two parents having an offspring
32
Detritovores and parasites have a direct effect on which of the following trophic levels?
all of the above
3
1
2
33
Define biomagnification
Pollutants become concentrated as it moves up the food chain
Zoom in on organisms through a magnifier
An organism takes in chemical pollutants over time
Pollutants become less concentrated
34
what type of speciation occurs due to polyploidy, sexual selection, and adaptation?
ecological
parapatric
sympatric
allopatric
35
Which graph represents stabilizing selection?
Graph 3
Graph 1
None of the above
Graph 2
36
Ecologists have proposed that areas with __________________ level of disturbances will have the highest biodiversity
intermediate
high
low
37
Which of the following conditions are NOT in Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium?
a small population
Random mating
No immigration/ emmigration
Very large population
38
Sympatric speciation only occurs in areas where there is local variation in environmental resources.
False
True
39
Which animal is NOT an amniote?
sharks
Snake
Human
Robin
40
all plants have veins
False
True
41
What causes genetic drift?
Migration
Environmental factors
Chance
Genetic bottleneck
42
what is needed for natural selection to occur?
differential reproduction
limited resources
trait variation
all of these
43
hagfish lack fins and jaws
True
False
44
The bottleneck effect is:
a sudden declination in population of a species
zero population growth
a logistic population crash
population when few members of a species survive an event
45
allelic frequency of A=0.4 a=0.6 what is the genotypic frequ of Aa?
none of these
.24
.36
.48
46
another name for Cestoda is
intestinal parasite
tape worm
flat worm
worms
47
In areas where there are _____ levels of disturbances, ______ will be favored because they are better dispersers
high, k selected
high, r selected
low, r selected
low, k selected
48
which cycle has no gaseous state?
sulfur cycle
Phosphorus cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
49
arthropod exoskeleton is made of
protein
keratin
chitin
bone
50
what is primary succession
soil existed, disturbance occurred
first step in a makeup routine
succession that starts off with pioneer species
51
what are chemoautotrophic bacteria?
primary producers
primary producers
tertiary consumers
secondary consumers
52
__ have an anticoagulant called hirudin
tapeworms
liver flukes
leeches
ticks
53
cladogenesis is
the study of genes
the evolutionary history of a species
when single species diverges into multiple
the art of clay
54
two populations of the same species have different traits. what is they classified as?
subspecies
phenotypes
genetic clones
macrospecies
55
what is biological fitness?
variability in the population for a trait that increases survival
the physically strongest individual
the ability to produce offspring that survive and reproduce
the ability to survive the best
56
Examples of annelida are...
earthworm, sandworm & leech
trichinella, hookworm & pinworm
sponges, hydra & jellyfish
planaria, tapeworm & flukes
57
A coelom is
The centralized nervous system
The circulatory system
The growth of a head
The main body cavity of an animal
58
if an animal learns to avoid a trap, the population size is underestimated
false
true
59
Cephalopods are the most derived/advanced group of molluscs
True
False
60
Class Crustacea
insects
centipedes, millipedes
lobsters, crayfish, crabs, shrimp
spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs
61
Charophycean algae possesses a sporophyte generation
False
True
62
Why are the terms ‘natural selection’ and ‘evolution’ NOT the same
evolution occures in populations while natural selection is on induvidules
red and yellow
natural selection is only one of the things that leads to evolution
evolution changes genotype and natural selection only affects alleles
63
Anagenesis is said to have occurred when
a species coexists with its mother species
populations share genetic material
one species evolves into a new species over time
geographic isolation is responsible for speciation
64
Metazoa
bilateral symmetry
multi-cellular animals
3 germ layers
true tissues
65
According to punctuated equilibrium, species often stay unchanged for many generations.
true
false
66
Higher latitudes have ___________ species richness as compared to the lower latitudes
lower
higher
the same
67
What is cephalization?
body parts arranged around a central axis
having no body cavity
a cluster of nerve cells
concentration of nerve tissue at the head
68
In the theory of evolution, natural selection is influenced by the environment where an organism lives
false
true
69
Masting is:
how birds repair their feathers
the organisms occupy a niche
an anti-predation technique used mostly by seeding plants
how herbivores digest their food
70
What are nematocytes and what phylum has them?
Stinging cells - Ph. Cnidaria
Cells that help filter feeders create a current Ph. Porifera
Cells used in reproduction - Ph. Placozoa
71
convergent evolution creates homologous structures
false
true

BIO 1 FINAL REVIEW Flashcards | StudBud