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3140 Ch. 15 Flashcards | StudBud
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3140 Ch. 15
3140 Ch. 15
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1
How much more fuel-efficient is a fully loaded Boeing 757 compared to a Boeing 727?
10%
63%
42%
22%
2
What has the consolidation of the airline industry during the 80s led to in terms of A/X types operated by carriers?
An increase in the diversity of aircraft types
A reduction in the number of aircraft types
A shift towards smaller aircraft types
No change in the variety of aircraft types
3
How long can purchasers of new aircraft generally operate them without major structural repairs?
2-3 years
11-15 years
4-6 years
7-10 years
4
What term describes the process of strategically selecting and managing an airline's aircraft?
Fleet optimization
Aircraft retirement
Aircraft acquisition
Fleet planning
5
What percentage of parts in the Boeing 757 is interchangeable with parts in the 767?
Approximately 90%
Approximately 10%
Approximately 30%
Approximately 60%
6
What is the primary focus of corporate objectives in the fleet-planning process?
How to achieve objectives
Employee satisfaction
Broad goals to be achieved
Specific aircraft specifications
7
What led airlines to look for larger aircraft with more seats?
Increased demand for smaller aircraft
Desire to reduce aircraft acquisition costs
Need for more frequent flights
Need to avoid adding more flights
8
What was the main risk identified in the analysis of retrofitting the DC-9s?
Lack of experienced flight crew
Rising fuel prices
High maintenance costs
Technological breakthroughs in new aircraft
9
What is the term for the assets and information available to an airline for fleet planning?
Fleet optimization model
Design characteristics
Current resources
Operating economics
10
What happens after system constraints are applied to the fleet-planning model?
The airline considers leasing aircraft
The airline obtains necessary funds for acquisitions
The airline expands its route network
Corporate planning is left with an optimization model
11
Why does the Boeing 757 require only two engines, while the 727 had three engines?
The 727 had extra engines for backup
The 757 is a smaller aircraft
Boeing improved engine efficiency
The 757 has more powerful engines
12
Which factor may lead to mx costs appearing to decrease in percentage terms even if they are rising in absolute dollars?
Competition from low-cost carriers
Fuel price fluctuations
Labor disputes
Increasing reliability
13
Why do airlines prefer to schedule wide-body aircraft on high-density routes?
Wide-body aircraft have better passenger comfort
Wide-body aircraft have lower operating costs per seat-mile
Wide-body aircraft are more fuel-efficient
Wide-body aircraft are easier to maintain
14
What contributes to the reduced operating costs of the Boeing 757?
Larger size compared to the 727
Electronic monitoring devices and navigational aids
Higher maintenance costs
Use of heavier components
15
In which U.S. state is the "world's biggest boneyard" located, where retired aircraft are stored?
Texas
New Mexico
Arizona
Florida
16
How did the troubled state of the airline industry during the early 1990s affect aircraft manufacturers?
Manufacturers experienced a shortage of aircraft orders
Manufacturers offered special incentives to boost sales
It resulted in a decrease in aircraft sales
It led to an increase in aircraft production
17
How is market risk on the value of the asset typically shared between the lessor and lessee in a financial lease?
It is not a consideration in financial leases
It is borne entirely by the lessor
It is shared between the lessor and lessee
It is borne entirely by the lessee
18
What is the purpose of computer-generated fleet-planning models?
To replace human decision-making
To constrain system limitations
To assess the impact of altering information
To predict future aircraft orders accurately
19
What was Boeing's original plan for the 757?
To develop a wide-body aircraft similar to the 767
To retire the 727 and not replace it
To keep the 727 unchanged
To replace the 727 with a modified version using two engines
20
What is one of the main reasons for purchasing aircraft in large numbers?
To promote environmental sustainability
To achieve fleet commonality
To increase fuel efficiency
To enhance passenger comfort
21
What is one of the potential effects of airline consolidation on staff levels?
Staff levels will remain the same
Staff levels will decrease
Staff levels will become unpredictable
Staff levels will increase
22
What was the primary motivation behind the development of the Boeing 757 and 767 models?
Reduced maintenance costs
Improved passenger comfort
Increased passenger capacity
Fuel efficiency due to rising fuel prices
23
How might airline consolidation affect the interdependence between megacarriers and aircraft manufacturers?
It will lead to fewer orders for new aircraft
It will result in more airlines becoming sponsors of new aircraft types
It will reduce the pressure on manufacturers to lower prices
May lead to megacarriers seeking larger initial deliveries of new aircraft
24
What aspect of aging is a complex process due to various factors?
Economic aging
Technical aging
Cultural aging
Biological aging
25
What solution did Boeing offer to address the varying needs of different carriers for a 727 replacement?
Develop a single aircraft model to meet all needs
Create a family of aircraft, including the 757, 767, and 777
Leave it to each carrier to design their ideal replacement
Offer different versions of the 727 with varying features
26
Which department plays a significant role in determining how an airline implements its marketing strategy?
Finance and Property
Corporate Planning
Engineering and Maintenance
Flight Operations
27
What is a crucial factor in the selection of an engine for an aircraft operator's fleet?
The power plant's commonality with other aircraft in the fleet
Size of the Engine
Power rating
Horsepower
28
What is a payload-range diagram used for in aircraft evaluation?
It displays the physical dimensions of the aircraft
It illustrates the fuel efficiency of the aircraft
It shows the relationship between payload and the distance the A/C can fly
It demonstrates the seating configuration of the aircraft
29
What was the estimated number of lifetime cycles for the retrofitted DC-9s?
About 2,900 cycles per year
Over 100,000 cycles
Less than 50,000 cycles
8 to 12 years of operation
30
How did the operating costs of the DC-9s compare to the new aircraft on a cost-per-block-hour basis?
The DC-9s had a 20 percent advantage
The operating costs were identical
The new aircraft had a 20 percent advantage
The DC-9s had a 10 percent advantage
31
Why are runway requirements an important consideration in aircraft selection?
They affect the aircraft's maintenance costs
They impact the aircraft's fuel efficiency
They determine the aircraft's seating capacity
They are essential for takeoff and landing at specific airports
32
Why did the major U.S. carrier need to replace its fleet of DC-9-30s?
They were too old and no longer airworthy
They didn't meet noise compliance standards
They were too small for the airline's needs
They were expensive to maintain
33
How are operating lease obligations typically presented in a company's financial reporting?
As a line item on the balance sheet
As a separate financial statement
As a footnote to the balance sheet
As a reduction in the company's equity
34
What is one potential consequence of aircraft staying in fleets longer due to consolidation and fleet rationalization?
A decrease in the willingness of carriers to acquire new aircraft
Extended replacement cycles for new aircraft
More frequent retirement of older aircraft
Increased innovation in aircraft design
35
Which aspect of design characteristics includes factors like A/C dimensions, weight profile, and seating configuration?
Physical performance
Fuel capacity
Total volume
Maintenance needs
36
Which department within an airline typically coordinates the aircraft selection process?
Flight Operations
Marketing
Corporate Planning
Maintenance
37
What does a "constrained operating plan" mean in fleet planning?
A plan that has no budget constraints
A plan that prioritizes aircraft aesthetics
A plan that focuses on maximizing profitability
A plan that considers system limitations and constraints
38
How did many of the old 727s find a new purpose after serving the airlines?
They were donated to museums
They were scrapped for parts
They were grounded and abandoned
They were reconfigured for cargo use
39
What does AMARG stand for in the context of aircraft maintenance and storage?
Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group
Aircraft Management and Recycling Group
Aircraft Maintenance and Repair Group
Aerospace Management and Restoration Group
40
Which type of lease involves the lessee having ownership rights and responsibilities for an aircraft?
Financial (capital) lease
Fleet planning lease
Operating lease
Maintenance lease
41
How does the 747-300 compare to the DC-10-30 in terms of trip time on a 5,000-nautical-mile mission at Mach 0.85?
The 747-300 and DC-10-30 have the same trip time
The 747-300 takes 35 minutes less
The 747-300 takes 35 minutes longer
Trip time depends on factors other than speed
42
Why do manufacturers involve airlines early in the design process of a new aircraft?
To gather ideas and focus on generic aircraft categories
To keep the airlines out of the process
To secure funding from the airlines
To dictate the design to the airlines
43
What type of lease is similar to a loan in terms of financial effect?
Short-term lease
Financial (capital) lease
Operating lease
Noncancelable lease
44
What are "options" in the context of aircraft evaluation and planning?
Flexibility to acquire favorable delivery positions
Lease agreements
Orders for new aircraft
Different aircraft models to choose from
45
What factor can lead to substantial savings in terms of training, spares inventories, and operations for an airline?
Operating a common fleet of aircraft
Expanding the route network
Outsourcing maintenance
Frequent aircraft upgrades
46
What was a significant factor that led to leasing companies becoming the airframe manufacturers' biggest clients?
Leasing companies offered lower rental rates
Airlines preferred to lease rather than purchase aircraft
Airlines experienced difficulty in getting deliveries directly from manuf.
Leasing companies offered more flexible leasing terms
47
What is the unconstrained operating plan in fleet planning?
A plan that excludes corporate objectives
A plan that focuses on current resources
A plan that ignores system constraints
A plan that considers system constraints
48
How has the role of airline engineering departments changed in the aircraft acquisition decision process?
They have become more proactive in influencing decisions.
They have remained unchanged in their role
They have taken control of the entire decision process
They are no longer involved in the decision process
49
What aspect of aircraft evaluation relates to the need for spare parts and maintenance support?
Fleet optimization
Maintenance needs
Operating economics
Design characteristics
50
What do acquisition costs refer to in aviation?
The operating costs of an airline
The costs associated with aircraft maintenance
The expenses of acquiring new airline routes
The initial expenses of purchasing or leasing an aircraft
51
What is an essential step after the aircraft evaluation process is complete?
Preparing a projected earnings statement/cash flow for the expanded fleet
Disregarding the maintenance needs and operating economics
Ordering the aircraft with the lowest acquisition cost
Conducting additional evaluations on other aircraft models
52
What are the primary goals outlined in corporate objectives in fleet planning?
Financial performance targets and company goals
Projected industry environments
Current resources assessment
Detailed aircraft specifications
53
Why is the desert an ideal location to store retired aircraft?
Because it allows for easy access for maintenance
Due to the cold and humid climate
Because it offers excellent rust protection
Due to the dry heat that prevents rusting
54
How long does it typically take to design and develop a new jetliner?
5-6 years
7-8 years
1-2 years
3-4 years
55
In fleet planning, what refers to the limitations or restrictions placed on an airline's operating strategies?
Corporate objectives
Current resources
System constraint
Fleet optimization
56
Why did leasing become more attractive in the late 1980's?
The cost of leasing decreased significantly
The investment tax credit associated with purchase was eliminated
Airlines received tax benefits for purchasing aircraft
Accelerated depreciation benefits increased for purchased aircraft
57
What event significantly changed the rules of the game in the airline industry?
The rise of low-cost carriers
The formation of airline alliances
The introduction of the Boeing 747
The invention of the internet
58
In fleet planning decisions, what are some of the factors that airlines must balance against each other?
The price of fuel and the availability of ice cream on board
The price of new aircraft and the debt/equity ratio
The availability of money from lenders and the flight attendant uniforms
The number of flight attendants and the color of the aircraft seats
59
What is the name of the model used to determine future aircraft acquisition and operating conditions?
Fleet planning model
Aircraft management model
Fleet decision model
Fleet optimization model
60
What is included in the projected industry environments in the fleet-planning process?
National economic outlook, industry forecasts, and carrier's traffic stats
Current aircraft inventory
Competitor airlines' strategies
Airline's historical performance
61
How does commonality benefit airlines operating multiple aircraft types?
It reduces passenger complaints
It eliminates the need for pilot training
It lowers the cost of aircraft acquisition
It simplifies maintenance procedures
62
In aviation, what do "design characteristics" refer to?
The physical appearance of an aircraft
Characteristics of aviation engineers
Specifications and features of an aircraft's design
Characteristics of aviation fuel
63
Which factor related to maintenance needs is influenced by stage lengths flown and outside service costs?
Spare parts availability
Aircraft compatibility with the fleet
Product support
Maintenance cost comparisons
64
What is one of the most challenging decisions that airline managements must make regarding their fleet?
Whether to buy new or used aircraft and what type
Selecting in-flight meal options
Choosing in-flight entertainment systems
Deciding on the color scheme for the aircraft
65
Why are lavatories in the Boeing 757 relocated compared to the 727?
To make them more convenient for passengers and flight attendants
To provide a wide-body appearance
To reduce the number of lavatories
To lower manufacturing costs
66
What term is used to describe the method where airlines exhaust hub-and-spoke route systems where practical?
Point-to-point system
Hub-centric approach
Circle routing
Transit network
67
What type of constraints might be imposed by government regulatory bodies on an airline's operating strategies?
Facility requirements at airports
Aircraft availability constraints
Environmental considerations
Financial constraints
68
Why is it challenging to compare design characteristics for different aircraft models?
Design characteristics are not relevant to aircraft selection
The data provided for each aircraft model varies significantly
All aircraft have identical design characteristics
Aircraft manufacturers provide standardized data for easy comparison
69
What is the key characteristic of an operating lease?
Noncancelability and full title retention by the lessor
Responsibility for maintenance, taxes, and insurance by the lessor
Debt shown on the lessee's balance sheet
Full ownership of the asset by the lessee
70
What are the economic factors considered under "operating economics" in fleet planning?
Corporate objectives
Current resources assessment
Revenue potential and direct operating costs
Aircraft design characteristics
71
How much was the estimated investment required to retrofit and refurbish the DC-9s?
About $5 million
Exactly $5 million
Less than $1 million
Over $10 million
72
What has been happening to maintenance costs as a percentage of total costs since the 1960s?
They have been decreasing steadily
They have been increasing steadily.
They have remained constant
They have been unpredictable
73
What is the key factor in determining the value of a specific type of aircraft for a specific mission?
Operating economics
Manufacturer reputation
Market demand
Aircraft age
74
What has led to the proliferation of certain types of A/C in the fleets of carriers reliant on hub-and-spoke networks?
Increased demand for smaller aircraft
Improved in-flight entertainment options
Slot limitations and congestion at hubs
Reduced fuel prices
75
What percentage of the world's commercial aircraft were leased in 1984?
Approximately 50%
Approximately 10%
Approximately 80%
Approximately 20%
76
What option did the airline have for the DC-9-30s to meet noise compliance standards?
Ground them and stop operating those routes
Retrofit them with newer engines
Sell them to another airline
Replace them with new aircraft
77
What was the primary downside of retrofitting the DC-9s?
Lower maintenance expenses
Lower overall operating costs
Improved passenger comfort
Higher fuel prices
