Vocabulary review - earth science

To move around an axis outside the object

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations

The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area

A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression

The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake

Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement

An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area

The age of a rock compared to the ages of the rock layers

A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere carrying crust

The breakdown of a radioactive element, releasing particles and energy

The study of the shape of the land determined by elevation, relief, and landforms

Thinnest, outer layer of the earth

A string of islands formed by volcanoes along a deep-ocean trench

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other

Stress on a rock causing it to fold or break

An undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced

Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle

Earth materials deposited by erosion

A stream that flows into a larger stream

Oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle

The theory that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface

Principle that with layers of rock, each layer is older that the layer above

Fossils of widely distributed organisms that lived during one short period

A loop-like bend in the course of a river

A map that shows the surface features of an area

Line that makes a half circle from the North Pole to the South Pole, through Greenwich, England

the transfer of heat by movement of fluid

The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil

Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake

A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it

The middle mantle that flows like hot lava

The distance in degrees north or south of the equator

On a map, pictures used by mapmakers to stand for features on Earth's surface

The theory of Plate Tectonics can be linked to this hypothesis supported by Alfred Wegener

The amount of sediment that a river or stream carries

A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock on Earth's surface

A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions

A line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation

Principle that the same geologic processes that change Earth's surface today, operated long ago

The largest layer of the earth (has 3 parts)

The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults

The transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching