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Evolution
Evolution
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1
A wolf in Alaska tends to attack and kill weak animals instead of strong ones. This represents part of
use and disuse
punctuated equilibrium
geographic isolation
natural selection
2
Which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection?
Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment
More individuals are produced than will survive
Variation occurs between individuals in a population
Individuals that have the most favorable variations will reproduce most
3
Which concept is represented in the diagram below?
theory of natural selection
heterotroph hypothesis
gene-chromosome theory
use and disuse
4
For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have
developed from the same earlier species
identical methods of obtaining food
developed in a common environment
identical genetic makeup
5
The similarities between these appendages suggest that cats and birds
evolved gradually over a long period of time
evolved from a common ancestor
occupy the same habitat
possess the same number of chromosomes
6
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, which organism in the table below most likely evolved first?
B
C
D
A
7
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, autotrophs developed after the evolution of heterotrophs because Earth lacked
water
methane
solar radiation
carbon dioxide
8
According to this information, the closest evolutionary relationship most likely exists between the
chimpanzee and gorilla
horse and zebra
human and chimpanzee
human and gorilla
9
How does evolutionary theory relate to Darwin's concepts of variation and natural selection?
It includes Darwin's concepts of variation, but not natural selection.
It neither includes Darwin's concepts of variation nor natural selection.
It includes Darwin's concepts of variation and natural selection.
It does not include Darwin's concept of variation.
10
Which concept was not included in Darwin's theory of evolution?
development of new species from a common ancestor
struggle for survival between organisms
sorting out and recombination of genes
production of more offspring than can survive
11
Which inference can correctly be drawn from the diagram?
Energy from the environment most likely contributed to chemical bonding.
Atmospheric oxygen was present.
Organic substances could not have been produced under these conditions.
No chemical reactions occurred.
12
Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimp hemoglobin than it is to dog hemoglobin. This similarity suggests that the
human and dog are more closely related than human and chimpanzee
chimpanzee is related to dog but not to human
human and chimpanzee are more closely related than human and dog
human is related to chimpanzee but not to dog
13
Which statement best describes evolution?
Evolution often proceeds from complex to simpler organisms.
Evolution is a predictable change from simple to complex organisms.
Evolution is a process of change through time.
Evolution forces organisms to develop the characteristics they need.
14
The information in the chart provides data that can help in finding evolutionary relationships from the study of
comparative anatomy
comparative biochemistry
comparative cytology
comparative embryology
15
Since the time of Darwin, increased knowledge of heredity has resulted in
the addition of use and disuse to Lamarck's theory
increased support for the theory of natural selection
disagreement with Mendel's discoveries
the elimination of all previous evolutionary theories
16
Which statement is not included as part of the modern theory of evolution?
Sexual reproduction and mutation provide variation among organisms.
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
New organs arise when they are needed.
Traits are transmitted by genes and chromosomes.
17
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, which event had to occur before aerobic respiration could evolve?
Heterotrophs had to add oxygen to the air.
Heterotrophs had to remove carbon dioxide from the air.
Autotrophs had to convert nitrogen to nitrates.
Autotrophs had to add oxygen to the air.
18
Which statement concerning production of offspring is correct?
Reproduction requires gametes in all species
An organism can reproduce without performing any other life processes
Production of offspring is necessary for an individual organism to survive
Offspring are required for a species to survive, but not for an individual.
19
According to Charles Darwin, one factor that affects the evolution of a species is
Survival of the fittest
Exposure to environmental pollutants
Rapid fossil formation
Variation due to genetic mutations
20
As these embryos mature, they will most likely
continue to closely resemble each other as adults
develop the distinctive characteristics of their species
show no similarities as adults
develop organs according to the nutritional requirements of each organism
21
August Weismann cut off the tails of mice, but their offspring all had tails. This discredited the possibility of
the segregation and recombination of alleles
artificial selection and survival of the fittest
reproduction of abnormal cells
the inheritance of acquired characteristics
22
Which statement represents the major concept of the biological theory of evolution?
Every period of Earth's history has its own group of organisms.
A new species moves into a habitat when another species goes extinct
Every location on earth's surface has its own unique group of organisms
Present-day organisms developed from earlier, different organisms
23
Each lettered point in the graphs below represents a species. Which graph best represents punctuated equilibrium?
B
C
D
A
24
This is a stage in the heterotroph hypothesis. The process indicated by the arrow most likely required
heat and solar radiation
aerobic organisms
autotrophic organisms
protists and monerans
25
The sequence of amino acids in horse hemoglobin is very similar to the sequence in human hemoglobin. This is
Comparative embryology
Comparative cytology
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry
26
If anatomical structures change in some species of organisms over a long period of time, these changes may contribute to
evolution, leading to a new species
fossil formation
water pollution in an area
transmission of acquired characteristics
27
The study of the evolutionary relationships between these structures is known as comparative
embryology
biochemistry
anatomy
cytology
28
The similarities between these structures provide support for the concept of
acquired characteristics
reproductive isolation
survival of the fittest
common ancestry
29
In order for new species to develop, there must be a change in the
migration patterns within a population
genetic makeup of a population
rate of succession in the environment
temperature of the environment
30
The similarities in development shown in the diagram suggest that these organisms
are all members of the same species
have adaptations for the same environment as adults
all undergo external development
may have evolved from a common ancestor
31
Which statement best supports the inference that the ancestors of modern-day elephants had no trunks or tusks?
Evolutionary change is always rapid and continuous.
Geographic isolation rarely favors species in small populations.
Population size tends to remain stable from generation to generation.
Existing life forms have evolved from earlier life forms.
32
Some variations within species are the result of
asexual reproduction
mitosis
sexual reproduction
vegetative propagation
33
Which inference can correctly be made from the diagram?
The fossils in layer C are older than those in layer A.
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer B.
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer C.
The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer C.
34
This is a process farmers use to produce plants with desirable qualities. Which term belongs in area X?
synapsis
artificial selection
Use and disuse
gradualism
35
Which observation provides the best evidence that two different animals most likely have a common ancestor?
They choose the same plants for food.
They both inhabit the same environment.
They both burrow into the ground for shelter.
They have similarities in early embryonic development.
36
Which evolutionary concepts are best represented by model I and model II?
Model I = speciation, model II = acquired characteristics
Model I = acquired characteristics, model II = speciation
Model I = punctuated equilibrium, model II = gradualism
Model I = gradualism, model II = punctuated equilibrium
37
According to the heterotroph hypothesis, heat was necessary for life to develop in the oceans of early Earth because
primitive enzymes require high temperatures to function
high temperatures are necessary for aggregates to reproduce
energy is needed to form bonds used in the synthesis of organic compounds
autotrophic organisms need heat to make inorganic compounds
38
Which factor may have played a role in the speciation of the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia?
Asexual reproduction
Geographic isolation
mitotic cell division
Artificial selection
39
Extinction of a species could result from
synthesis of a hormone that controls cellular communication
evolution of a type of behavior that produces greater reproductive success
fewer unfavorable mutations in the species
limited genetic variability in the species
40
The first life-forms to appear on Earth were most likely
complex single-celled organisms
complex multicellular organisms
simple multicellular organisms
simple single-celled organisms
41
If free oxygen was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the Earth, then the first organisms to evolve most likely
had chloroplasts
were anaerobic
had mitochondria
were aerobic
