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Duplicate of AP World History Periods 1-3 Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of AP World History Periods 1-3
Duplicate of AP World History Periods 1-3
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1
Greek society
Was unified by the geography of the Greek peninsula
Was disrupted by the conquest of Alexander
Extended the democratic ideal by relying on free labor alone
Was extended through overseas colonization
2
The Ottoman empire
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
Reached its height around 1750
3
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
North America
Southern Africa
Western Africa
Japan
4
Medieval Europe
Saw the rise of universities
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
Extended to local schools found on the manor
5
Daoism and Confucianism
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
Agreed on the importance of education
6
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their practice of polytheism
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
Their technological knowledge
Their location at similar latitudes
7
Sugar plantations
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
8
The 15th century was characterized by
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
The decentralization of political power in Spain
9
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Appealed primarily to elite classes
Became less organized as the empire fell
Experienced a change in its official status
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
10
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
The work of African artisans found new markets
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
11
When the Portuguese first became involved in the slave trade
They were on interested in Christianizing African peoples
They created the African slave trade
They were interested primarily in gold and spices
They were amazed at the poverty of African kingdoms
12
African kingdoms in the period from 1450 to 1750
Frequently enslaved their own people
Like the Chinese, weren't interested in European trade goods
Participated in slave trade before the arrival of Europeans
Featured monarchs ruled without advisers
13
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
Ended with the Mongols
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
14
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 15th century
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 5th and 6th centuries
The 14th century
15
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The cultivation of potatoes
The invention of the wheel
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Harappan sewage systems
16
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its system of social stratification
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
Its political structure
17
The Neolithic age
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
Produced societlies without class distinctions
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Saw a decline in global populations
18
The Five Pillars
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
Provide unity within Islam
Are included in the Quran
19
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Atlantic ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific ocean
Arctic Ocean
20
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
Received widespread support of African kings
Began with Brazil
Was resisted by Great Britain
21
During the agricultural revolution, women
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Participated in hunting activities with men
Weren't represented in neolithic art
Experienced a decrease in status
22
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
Because of rules of succession
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
23
Muhammad
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
24
Within Africa, the slave trade
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
Increased African dependence on European nations
Decreased the value of women slaves
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
25
Mercantilism
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Supported free trade
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
26
Under Mongol rule in China
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
27
Hinduism
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
Gained little acceptance outside India
28
The agricultural revolution
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
occurred about the same time throughout the world
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
29
The Persians
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
Failed to establish a unified empire
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
30
European explorations
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Sought to break established trade monopolies
Concentrated on the Americas
31
Japanese feudalism
United peasants and elite classes
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
32
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
The territory of Rome continued to expand
Rome became increasingly democratic
33
Indian Ocean trade
Declined with the fall of classical empires
Failed to establish connections with land routes
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
34
Silk road trade
Was confined to land routes across Asia
Bypassed Mesopotamia
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
35
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Carried more women than men
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
carried the majority of slaves to North America
36
Early societies of South America
Was challenged by geographic limitations
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
Traded widely with regions to their north
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
37
The African slave trade
Was frequently the result of African rivalries
Had no ties to Middle Eastern trade
Was limited to the Atlantic ocean
Was abolished by the Dutch in southern Africa
38
During the classical period, Africa
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
Lost contact with classical civilizations
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
Was cut off from global trade patterns
39
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
40
The Black Death
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
Changed the course of political institutions
Originated in Europe
Was most devastating in north Africa
41
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The emancipation of Roman slaves
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The division of the latifundia
42
During the Gupta dynasty
The government of India became more centralized
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
Arabic numerals originated in India
Slavery increased
43
The decline of Gupta India
Saw the increased power of local princes
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
44
During the middle ages, the concept of limited government with the most clearly in
Italy
Germany
France
England
45
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
Became increasingly popular in India
Revered women
Supported the caste system
None of the above
46
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
Was admired by the Vietnamese
Was mimicked by the Japanese
47
The Renaissance
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Was a result of the crusades
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
48
Aztec and Inca religions
Restricted the worship of subject peoples
Reflected the agrarian nature of their respective societies
Stressed a personal relationship with their gods
Placed women in a subordinate position
49
The position of Chinese women
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
Was defined by Confucianism
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
50
Compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade, that of eastern Africa
Didn't involve central Africa
Involved only European nations
Also involved the plantation system
acquired slaves from coastal areas only
51
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Epidemic disease
Unequal land distribution
Poor harvests
Attack by powerful neighboring states
52
Shang China
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Left no decipherable written records
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
53
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
Origin of the Greek alphabet
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
Sumerian use of the wheel
54
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
Indonesia
North Africa
East Africa
China
55
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The influence of foreign nations
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
The end of the opium trade
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
56
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
Failure to resolve questions of succession
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
57
Early urban dwellers
Saw the need for a government
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
58
Which of the American peoples was closest to the Persians in their administrative style?
The Incas
The Aztecs
The Mayas
The Mississippians
59
Buddhism
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
60
Christianity
Was not a missionary religion
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
61
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Developed a more egalitarian society
Was more global in its extent
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
62
The Abbasid dynasty
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
63
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
The role of women
It's treatment toward People of the Book
The development of the shariah
The status of slaves
64
Under both the Han and Roman empires
All of the above
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
New territories were added to the empire
A time of peace settled over both empires
65
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
Expansion into central Asia
Paper manufacture
The civil service exam
Confucian philosophy
66
The nation-state
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
Promoted harmony among Europeans
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
67
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Sumerian
Mesoamerican
Harrapan
Egyptian
68
The Aztec and Inca civilizations differed most significantly in their
System of recordkeeping
Social structure
Technological skill
Religious institutions
69
The decline of Han China
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
70
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Allowed women a significant role in public life
Were originally nomadic people
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
71
The Columbian exchange
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
Didn't involve Africa
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
72
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
United the Chimor and Inca people
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Remained local
73
The Mughal empire
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
74
The rule of classical India included
Aryan agricultural knowledge
Vedic traditional literature
The egalitarian Aryan society
The Aryan writing language
75
The Ottoman Empire
Refused to accept foreign loans
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
Resisted economic reforms
76
Compaired to the Viets, the Chinese were more
Urbanized
Ethnically diverse
Agrarian
Interested in trade
77
The natives of North America
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
Established tribute empires
78
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Emphasized the importance of effective government
Included a belief in nirvana
Did not believe that their founders were gods
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
79
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
France
The Holy Roman Empire
England
The Papal States
80
The Indus Valley civilization
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
Is the best studied through it's written records
Relied heavily on communal planning
81
Egyptian trade
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
82
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
