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Human Development, ch. 6: Early Childhood - Physical, Cognitive & Language Dev. Flashcards | StudBud
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Human Development, ch. 6: Early Childhood - Physical, Cognitive & Language Dev.
Human Development, ch. 6: Early Childhood - Physical, Cognitive & Language Dev.
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Based on the book "Understanding Human Development" by Dunn & Craig, 3rd or 4th edition.
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
In what ways does play help children?
controlling impulses
development of motor skills
all are ways play helps children
learn to share
2
How are children able to remember events better?
randomly
spontaneously
logically
adventurously
3
Piaget's Three Mountain Task suggests that children who show egocentrism
Understand many different perspectives
Are more empathetic
Prevent young children from taking the viewpoints of others
Can see four mountains
4
Which individual feels displaced & resentful when there is a new baby in the family?
Highschool child
Middleschool child
College child
Preschool child
5
True or False: By the end of this stage, children's body proportions are similar to adults.
False
True
6
A range of behaviors that are intended to hurt or injure another person is called
Aggression
Pleasant
Introverted
Careless
7
What theorist said that preschoolers are in the pre operational stage of thinking?
Erikson
Piaget
Freud
Vygotsky
8
Some researchers say that _____ is the main job of young children.
Eating
Watching television
Play
Sleeping
9
Who conducted the Bobo Doll Experiment?
Ivan Pavlov
Mildred Parten
Sigmund Freud
Albert Bandura
10
The theory that children use gender as one way of organizing their perceptions of the world is
Sex Hormones
Gender-Schema Theory
Organization of the Brain
Cognitive Development Theory
11
________ occurs when neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their connective fibers.
Synaptic pruning
Lateralization
Cerebral dominance
Cortical overproduction
12
On average, preschoolers need ______ hours of sleep each night.
12-14
10-12
13-15
11-13
13
What is the new food guidance system called?
5 food group model
The food pyramid
Go, Grow, and Glow
MyPlate
14
Fast mapping refers to the ability to____________________
decipher word meanings faster.
Can recall material efficiently
Speak clearly without hesitation
connect a new word w underlying concept after brief exposure
15
T or F: Preschoolers respond to rewards and punishments rather than making moral decisions.
True
False
16
What is separation anxiety?
Fear of being separated from your caregivers
Fear of being kidnapped
Fear of leaving your house
Fear of leaving your bed
17
Fine motor skills in this age group looks like:
jumping over a puddle
drawing a picture with crayons
swinging on the swing
pulling a wagon with a friend in it
18
The concept of initiative versus guilt began during what age group?
4 - 6 years
2 - 3 years
1 - 3 years
3 - 5 years
19
True or False: Erik Erikson studied trust and mistrust
False
True
20
Which statement is supported by research on nutrition of preschoolers?
Serving "adult " foods like broccoli leads to picky eating
Preschoolers need more carbohydrates and fat than adults.
Offering bribes is useful to get them to eat healthy foods.
Offering sweet fruit/ soft drinks promotes “milk avoidance.”
21
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a warm parent?
hug and kiss children
conduct physical discipline on children
smile frequently at children
caring and supportive of children
22
At what age do children start developing Scripts?
1 month
2-5 yrs old
1-2 yrs old
5-7 yrs old
23
HOME
is a method where researchers observe what?
parent and teacher interaction
student and teacher interaction
parent and child interaction
relatives and child interaction
24
During what age range is preference for gender-typed toys well developed?
10 - 15 months
18 - 24 moths
12 - 36 months
15 - 36 months
25
What is the most common first word for young children?
Mama
Bubba
Dada
No
26
Which show is considered the most successful educational show for children?
Paw Patrol
Sesame Street
Curious George
Barney
27
Children with imaginary playmates are
Less cooperative
Most common among children with older or younger siblings
Advanced in language development
More agressive
28
What is
mental representation
?
An object represents something
An object remains put even if you do not see it
An object can only be one thing
An object can both represent something AND be just an object
29
Which of the following is in the correct order for stages of development?
School age, Infant, Preschooler, Toddler
Infant, Toddler, Preschool, School age
Preschooler, Toddler, Infant, School age
Toddler, Infant, Preschooler, School age
30
What is not an outcome of self-regulation?
All of the above are outcomes
Controlling aggressive behavior
Focus on cognitive task
Playing with other children
31
Which of the following does cognitive development refer to?
Smiling
Thinking
Talking
Moving
32
Which of the following is an example of a gross-motor skill?
Self-dressing
Riding a bike
Building a tower of blocks
Stringing beads
33
Measures of neural activity reveal especially rapid growth from early to middle childhood in _.
taste and smell centers of the brain
areas of the brain devoted to executive function
brain regions associated with spatial skills
the occipital lobes of the brain
34
At approximately what age is a child able to share with others?
0-1
1-2
3-4
2-3
35
Children show advanced social and language development because mothers are
All of the above
involved with their children
provided appropriate play materials
verbally/emotionally responsive
36
______ refers to the sounds that make up words.
Pragmatics
Syntax
Semantics
Phonology
37
when do you form attachments?
infancy
toddlerhood
5-7 years old
birth
38
Preschoolers who engage in elaborate pretend play tend to
Suggest low peer acceptance
Be less empathetic
Less likely to help other children
More likely to do well in school later on
39
Which of the following best describes a nuclear family?
Mother, father and children
Mother with child/ren
A couple with no children
Mother, new partner and both their children
40
Which of these may be a cause of the restrictiveness parenting technique?
disobedience, rebelliousness, high cognitive development
courteous, obedient, high levels of cognitive development
disobedience, rebelliousness, low cognitive development
Whatchu mean? They do it all out of love
41
True or False:
Operations
refers to formal or logical processes.
True
False
42
X-rays of epiphyses enable doctors to estimate children’s ________.
skeletal age
loss of baby teeth
brain development
adult weight
43
True or False: The length of time for different windows of opportunity are all the same.
False
True
44
At what age do children start to engage in social games & preference for particular playmates?
2 years
3 years
18 months
15 months
45
When do babies show stranger anxiety?
3-4 years
1-2 years
6-8 months
12-18 months
46
What goes on in a restaurant? 3-year-old Al says, “You go in, get food, eat, and pay.”
Al is using a script
Al is using semantic memory
Al is using autobiographical memory
Al is using scaffolding
47
Which of these is not a tendency of a firstborn/only children?
higher anxiety levels than later-born children
highly self-reliant than later-born children
less aggressive than later-born children
highly motivated than later-born children
48
Postural control deals with maintaining ________ while performing an activity.
Attention
Focus
Concentration
Balance
49
Unlike English-speakers, children learning Chinese, Japanese, and Korean acquire _____ faster.
verbs
nouns
adjectives
language
50
Which of these is not a nonsocial type of play?
Unoccupied
Solitary
Onlooker
Parallel
51
When drawing, 5- and 6-year-olds _______
do not yet add features, such as eyes, nose, mouth, and hair
typically make scribbles on paper to represent thoughts
draw conventional figures w the head and body differentiated
do not yet use lines to represent the boundaries of objects
52
Gross motor skill in this age group could look like:
riding a bike with training wheels
buttoning his/her shirt
cutting with scissors
brushing his/her teeth
53
What is a basic disposition that can be observed throughout a person's development?
Personality
Attachment
Emotions
Temperament
54
What does FAS stand for?
Foetal Alcohol Syndrome
Foetal Attention Spectrum
Female Attention Span
Female Alcohol Session
55
What is a bilingual child?
A child who speaks more than one language
A child from a blended family
A child who can play multiple sports
A child who has a sibling
56
Parenting style: High restrictive and make strong demands for maturity
Permissive indulgent
Authoritarian
Rejecting-neglecting
Authoritative
57
Pete suffered damage to the cerebellum. Gordon will most likely display both ___and ___deficits
cognitive; social
emotional; motor
emotional; problem-solving
motor; cognitive
58
What theorist believed young children are in the pre conventional stage of morality?
Piaget
Erikson
Freud
Kohlberg
59
Enuresis is:
a part of the brain
bed-wetting
a sleep disturbance
a coomon childhood disease
60
Older siblings tend to be more
submissive & scared
jealous & malicious
restrictive & non-caring
dominating & caring
61
Definitions of self that refer to external traits
Self-concept
Y'all know the answer is catergorical self right?
Egocentrism
Catergorical self
62
What is shaped at a young age by the relationships with others?
athletics
emotions
personality
63
ZPD
stands for
Zone of Psychological Development
Zebras Play Dead
Zygotes Physical Development
Zone of Proximal Development
64
What is a common fear amongst children of middle childhood?
Fear of Imaginative Creature
Fear of Animals
Fear of the non existence after death..okay getting too deep
Fear of Bodily Harm
65
Fibers link the __ to the __grow from birth to preschool & increase motor coordination.
cerebral cortex; hippocampus
cerebellum; cerebral cortex
reticular formation; cerebellum
corpus callosum; reticular formation
66
Which is not a way to help children's memory?
play visual memory games
smacking them
have them sort objects to categories
have them teach you
67
What is the first piece of language children learn?
Syntax
Morphology
Phonology
Semantics
68
In developing countries, diarrhea ________
leads to an estimated 2 million childhood deaths each year.
has been linked to a mercury-based preservative in vaccines.
results from unsafe water and contaminated foods.
is less prevalent than in industrialized nations.
69
How many words on average do preschoolers learn per day?
5
15
9
8
70
Which of these are theories of Development of Gender Differences
Gender-Schema Theory
Organization of the Brain
Sex Hormones
Roles of Evolution & Heredity
71
By what year are children able to form sentences and have basic conversations?
3
5
4
2
72
During what year do the "wh" questions (like why, when, etc.) come up?
3 years
5 years
3 1/2 years
4 years
73
True or False: Children of the age range 2 - 4 years fear of social disapproval is common.
True
False
74
What is one of the three characteristics of the pre operational stage?
Centration
Egocentrism
Accomplish conservation
Lack of conservation
75
Preschoolers are between the ages of __________
3 and 5
4 and 5
2 and 5
2 and 4
76
Who is best recognised as the primary educator of children?
Teachers
Strangers
Child Care workers
Parents
77
Which culture has the most severe attachment to their parents?
Spanish
American
Korean
African
78
Which factors affect a child's growth and development the most?
Finances and Environment
Genetics and Environment
Genetics and Culture
Genetics and Finances
79
Which of the following is NOT an example of a negative family environment?
Domestic Violence
Child Abuse
Neglect
Financially Stable
80
At what stage of Jean Piaget's Types of Play, Functional Play, occurs in?
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
81
Which is more serious - a food allergy or a food intolerance?
Food intolerance
Food allergy
82
Which of the following is a fine motor skill?
Jumping
Playing the piano
Running
Skipping
83
Which culture has the highest insecure relationship?
Germany
Africa
U.S.
China
84
Do care centers effect child attachment?
Yes
No
85
Which of these is not a characteristic of an effect by rejecting-neglecting parenting style?
irresponsible
immaturity
imcompentent
irresistable
86
True or false: Bonding interventions help no matter what
True
False
87
Later-born children tend to be more
rebellious & liberal
anxious & rebellious
anxious & liberal
quiet & timid
88
What theorist believed that children learn what they know through social interaction?
Vygotsky
Freud
Erikson
Piaget
89
Which of the following is an example of a fine-motor skill?
Running
Brushing teeth
Throwing a ball
Jumping
90
Which of these is not a concept of the Cognitive Development Theory made by L. Kohlberg?
Gender Constancy
Gender Stability
Gender Identity
Gender Role
91
Withdrawal of love by parents may instill what in children?
anger & hostility
jubilee & kindness
well-mannered & behaved
guilt & anxiety
92
What is cognitive
scaffolding?
Temporary support (step by step) to help a child learn
An overload of information
Permanent assistance
Equipment for construction workers
93
Between the ages of 3 - 6 years, children's growth
slows down
may slow or speed up depending on the individual child
speeds up
is about the same as previous stage
94
Children ________ are at increased risk for decayed teeth.
who get sealants on primary teeth
in homes with regular smokers
in middle-SES homes
who drink fluoridated water
95
Preschoolers can work on _______ from completing puzzles.
Hand and eye coordination
Balance
Cognitive development
Physical Development
