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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
2
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
3
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
outliers
normally distributed
4
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
5
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
brain injury
6
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
7
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
modeling
8
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
9
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
10
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
11
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
12
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
mean
standard deviation
median
range
13
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
14
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
15
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
humanist
trait
16
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
17
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
self-serving bias
18
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
modeling
19
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
optic nerve
cornea
cones
20
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
balance
hearing
sight
21
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
22
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
William James
23
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
24
light enters the eye through an opening in the
blind spot
iris
fovea
retina
25
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
26
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
trait theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
27
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
standard deviation
range
mean
28
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
29
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
universal ethical principles
object permanence
conservation
attachment
30
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
archetypes
functional fixedness
31
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
32
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
33
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
34
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
adrenaline
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
35
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
36
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
morpheme
holobase
grapheme
37
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
38
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
39
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
40
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
41
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
42
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
43
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
44
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
45
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : punish
remove : decrease
remove : increase
46
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
47
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
tolerance
dissociation
48
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
49
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
sight
hearing
smell
touch
50
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
self-serving bias
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
51
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
scapegoating
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
52
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
53
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
optic chiasm
feature detectors
fovea
54
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
lithium
benzodiazepines
L-Dopa
55
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
56
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
57
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
58
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
59
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
60
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
61
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
62
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
63
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
64
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
openness
extraversion
neuroticism
65
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
66
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
67
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
convergence
linear perspective
68
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
95
50
84
69
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
70
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
71
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
72
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
73
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
culture
family
temperament
74
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
75
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
76
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
77
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
78
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
behavioral
social
situational
79
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
80
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
mid 30s
81
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
personalities
daily activities
circadian rhythm
82
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
hindsight bias
a theory
self-serving bias
83
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
84
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
85
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
86
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
87
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
projective
standardized
88
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
a mental set
divergent thinking
belief perseverance
89
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
90
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
91
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
92
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
93
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
94
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
95
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
96
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
97
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
98
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
99
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
recall
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
100
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
MRI
EEG
PET
101
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
102
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
103
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
frequency theory
104
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
105
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
at what age can children reason abstractly
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
106
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
personality
107
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
cognitive
pharmacological
structuralist
108
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
109
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
double blind study
110
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
discrimination
accommodation
111
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
112
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
113
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
114
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
115
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
116
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
117
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
biological
humanistic
118
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
119
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
120
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
121
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
122
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
123
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
124
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
125
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
126
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
beta waves
127
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
128
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
129
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a mean that is the same as the median
130
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
131
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
primary
continuous
secondary
132
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
133
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
trait
cognitive
134
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
go for a run
135
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
136
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
137
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
138
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
139
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
140
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
sound localization
141
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
142
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
143
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
144
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
145
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
146
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
147
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
148
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
149
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
150
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
151
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
152
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
153
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
154
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
155
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
random assignment
156
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
evolutionary
cognitive
157
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
concrete operational exercises
158
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
token economy
159
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
160
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
161
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
162
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
163
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
Babinski
Moro
rooting