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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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Questions
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Answers
1
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
2
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the conscious
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
3
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
4
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
conformity
deindividuation
social loafing
5
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
displacement
regression
fixation
6
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
behavior
conscious experience
the unconscious
7
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
8
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
narcotics
sedatives
9
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mean
median
mode
10
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
happiness
sadness
11
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
12
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
13
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
vitreous humor
lens
cornea
14
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
suppression
repression
15
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
cocaine
mescaline
marijuana
16
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
conditioned emotional reactions
17
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
18
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
19
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
20
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
21
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
22
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
observational learning
positive reinforcement
23
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
boat-goat
fill-feed
tree-bird
24
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
25
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
illusions
delusions
hallucinations
obsessions
26
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
27
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
28
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
loudness
timbre
decibels
29
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
stimulus discrimination
selection
step-wise conditioning
30
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
mnemonic
phonemic
31
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
32
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
33
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
sequential
34
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
35
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
36
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
37
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
38
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
behaviorism
39
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
limbic system
40
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scores
test scales
test norms
41
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
thalamus
42
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
43
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
44
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
IQ
a percentile score
a potential score
45
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
subliminal perception
46
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
47
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
48
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
obedience
groupthink
cognitive dissonance
49
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
50
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction incapacity
51
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
52
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
agonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
53
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
remain in continuous sleep
54
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
psychological tests
direct observation
physiological recordings
55
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
representativeness heuristic
56
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
drive theory
instinct theory
incentive theory
57
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
58
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
constancy
symmetry
similiarity
closure
59
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
60
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the gambler's fallacy
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
61
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
62
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
thyroid gland
63
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
64
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
display rules
parental investments
social scripts
65
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
sensation
consciousness
hypnosis
66
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
panic disorder
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
67
Anhedonia is when a person...
has trouble getting along with people
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
68
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
69
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
cognition
intelligence
introspection
mentalism
70
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
temperament
behavioral quality
71
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
postconventional
conventional
preconventional
72
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender differences
73
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
punishment
observational learning
74
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
75
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
stereotypes
schematizing
cognitive structuring
76
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
phonemes
morphemes
linguistic heuristics
77
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological instability
78
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
light
food/meat powder
tone
79
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
thyroid
80
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
81
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
content
criterion-related
construct
82
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
humanistic
psychoanalytic
behavioral
83
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
84
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
85
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
86
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
percentiles
87
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
88
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
high in neuroticism
low in openness
low in extraversion
89
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
stage 2
REM
90
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
91
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the reciprocity norm
92
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
conflict
pressure
frustration
93
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
94
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
anxiety
personality
schizophrenic
95
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
96
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
97
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
attributionism
individualism
collectivism
98
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
fear the dark
print letters
99
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
100
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were put into a simulated prison
101
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
102
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
103
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
latency
anal
104
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
105
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
sciatic receptors
106
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
crystallized
fluid
procedural
107
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
108
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
wish fulfillment theory
109
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
logical reasoning
abstract operations
systematic hypothesis testing
110
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
predictability
consistency
accuracy of inference
111
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
112
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a sedative
a narcotic
113
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
114
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
115
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
116
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
117
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
insight
intelligence
creativity
118
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
119
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
120
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
121
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
122
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
intermediate-term
short-term
sensory
123
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
124
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
125
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
126
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
127
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
brightness
light purity
color
128
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
129
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
chunk
schema
script
130
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
encoded
ablated
retrieved
131
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
132
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
attention
processing
perception
133
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
134
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
135
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
136
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
137
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
a personality test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
138
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
139
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
social charm
140
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rabbit
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
141
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
cerebral cortex
medulla
142
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
143
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
144
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
cyclical
dissociative
unipolar
145
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
egocentrism
conservation
146
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
oval window
cochlea
stirrup
147
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
148
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he's just like his father
149
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
150
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
