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AQA Physics P2 Atomic structure & radiation Flashcards | StudBud
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AQA Physics P2 Atomic structure & radiation
AQA Physics P2 Atomic structure & radiation
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Covers AQA GCSE Physics P3 Atomic structure & radiation topic (2014 spec)
Flashcards
55 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
55
Answers
1
If an atom loses electrons, it becomes ...
Negative
Positive
2
Two atoms that have the same number of protons are the same...
Isotope
Ion
Element
Charge
3
A C
14
nucleus emits an β-particle. What does it become?
C10
Be8
C13
N14
4
What is γ-radiation?
A helium nucleus
An electron
An electromagnetic wave
A neutron
5
Which type of radiation can get through foil, but not 5mm of aluminium?
Alpha
Gamma
Beta
6
Why isn't gamma deflected by electric fields?
Not enough mass to be affected
Its electromagnetic field cancels out the electric field
Doesn't have enough energy to interact with electric fields
No charge
7
When a β-particle is emitted, what changes in the nucleus that emitted it?
Neutron turns into a proton
Proton turns into a neutron
Proton turns into an electron
Electron turns into a proton
8
What is the range in air of beta?
15cm
5cm
1m
50cm
9
Most α went straight through - what did this tell Rutherford?
The electrons are far away from the nucleus
The nucleus is very small
The nucleus has a positive charge
The nucleus is very dense
10
Which type of radiation is most ionising?
Gamma
Alpha
Beta
11
Why are β-particles most defected by electric fields?
Highest charge to mass ratio
Smallest mass
Move faster
Negative charge
12
Atomic number is the number of ...
Atoms per m2
Protons + electrons
Protons
Protons + neutrons
13
Some of the α-particles were deflected by less than 90° - what did this tell Rutherford?
That the nucleus is very small
That the nucleus is very dense
That the electrons are far away from the nucleus
That the nucleus has a positive charge
14
When lead stops radiation from passing through it, what happens to the radiation?
Particles & energy absorbed into lead
Particles & energy are both reflected back
It disappears
Particles reflect off lead, energy absorbed
15
When a new theory is created...
It should be peer-reviewed
All three
It should be testable
It should be based on valid evidence
16
A count-rate falls from 500 to 31. How may half-lives has the radioactive source undergone?
3
6
4
5
17
Which type of radiation is used to check the thickness of metal sheets?
Gamma
Beta
Alpha
18
How many α-particles were deflected by more than 90°?
1 in 20,000
1 in 1,000
1 in 80,000
1 in 10,000
19
What is an α-particle?
An electron
A neutron
2 protons + 2 neutrons
Hydrogen nucleus
20
What is the range of gamma in air?
2m
20cm
Over 1km
200m
21
If the nucleus of an atom was the size of a golf-ball, the size of the atom would be...
2.5 km wide
5 km wide
10 km wide
7.5 km wide
22
What is a "half-life"?
All three
The time taken for the count rate to halve
The time taken for activity to halve
The time taken for the no. of unstable nuclei to halve
23
B
11
emits an α-particle. What does it become?
B7
Li7
N14
C12
24
Which types of radiation result in new elements forming?
Alpha
All three
Gamma
Beta
25
What did Rutherford use as a barrier for his α-particles?
Layer of lead atoms
Layer of gold atoms
Plutonium239 atoms
Uranium235 atoms
26
An isotope is an atom that has too many or too few...
Protons
Ions
Electrons
Neutrons
27
1 in 20,000 of the α-particles deflected by more than 90° - what did this tell Rutherford?
That the nucleus is very dense
That the electrons are far away from the nucleus
That the nucleus is very small
That the nucleus has a positive charge
28
How can we use the half-lives of radioactive sources?
C14 dating
Atomic clocks
All three
Rock dating
29
Which factor is most important in choosing a radioactive source for a medical tracer?
Ionisation energy
Half-life
Absorption into the bloodstream
Range in air
30
Which type of radiation is NOT used in medical tracers?
Beta
Gamma
Alpha
31
Mass number is the number of...
Protons + neutrons
Electrons + neutrons
Atoms per m3
Neutrons
32
Which country is Chernobyl in?
Russia
Ukraine
Hungary
Belarus
33
Electrons were discovered by...
Niels Bohr
John Dalton
JJ Thompson
Earnest Rutherford
34
Rutherford's experiment provided evidence for which model of the atom?
Electron shell model
Nucleus model
Nuclear model
Plum Pudding model
35
What is a β-particle?
2 protons + 2 neutrons
A neutron
A helium nucleus
An electron
36
Does the activity of a radioactive source eventually reach zero?
No
Yes
37
Which is NOT a source of background radiation?
Cosmic rays
Graphite rock
Radon gas
Granite rock
38
Why is α the most ionising?
It carries the most energy
It has the largest mass
It has the largest charge
All three
39
The mass of an electron is approximately ______ times less than the mass of a proton
2,000
6.2 x1027
9.1 x1018
1,968
40
Which is NOT a man-made source of background radiation?
Accidents at nuclear power stations
Nuclear weapons tests
Greenhouse effect
Radiotherapy & hospitals
41
The charge and mass of a neutron is...
0 and +1
+1 and +1
+1 and 0
0 and 0
42
Which type of radiation is stopped by paper?
Beta
Gamma
Alpha
43
The Plum Pudding model of the atom was...
A ball of -ve charge with dots of +ve charge on its surface
A ball of +ve charge with -ve charge all over its surface
A ball of +ve charge with dots of -ve charge in it
A ball of +ve charge with dots of -ve charge on its surface
44
What is the range in air of alpha?
15cm
20cm
5mm
5cm
45
Which is NOT a source of background radiation
Chocolate
Bananas
LoSalt (potassium-based salt substitute)
Brazil nuts
46
Why are α-particles only dangerous if they are swallowed/inhaled/injected?
Can't penetrate skin
All three
Can't travel more than 5cm in air
They are ionising
47
How did Rutherford's students detect where the α-particles had gone?
Silver nitrate photographic film + video-camera
Zinc-sulphide screen + video-camera
Silver-nitrate paper photographic film + stopwatch
Zinc-sulphide screen
48
After 7 half-lives, how much has activity decreased by?
97.3%
88.6%
82.5%
99.2%
49
Which type of radiation is most deflected by electric or magnetic fields?
Beta
Gamma
Alpha
50
What are the first signs of radiation sickness?
Cancer
Flu-like symptoms
Nausea & fainting
Blistering of the skin
51
Which isotope of uranium is used in nuclear power stations?
235
236
238
239
52
Which type of radiation is used in smoke alarms?
Beta
Gamma
Alpha
53
What is radioactive decay?
When an unstable atom emits a particle to become stable
When an unstable nucleus emits a particle to become stable
When an atom splits into smaller atoms
When a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei
54
What was Rutherford's experiment called?
Helium-scattering experiment
α-scattering experiment
Radiation-scattering experiment
Electron-scattering experiment
55
An ion is an atom which has too many or too few...
Neutrons
Protons
Electrons
Isotopes
