Why do people stand for the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Messiah?

Everyone else does, Because King George stood up first, Out of tradition, They don't know why

Sonata-allegro form is also referred to as...

First movement form or Sonata form

Whose music won the "contest" for word clarity in the Counter-reformation?

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

What is the order of a Catholic Ordinary Mass?

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

What is the correct order of music periods?

Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century

The three main textures of Western art music are:

monophony, homophony, and polyphony.

Bach wrote the St. Matthew and the St. John Passions . What does Passion mean in this sense?

The story of the trial and death of Jesus

In the story of Dido and Aeneas, what happens to Dido?

After Aeneas leaves, she kills herself with poison

Violin, viola, violoncello and bass:

capable of tuning in different keys, bowed instruments, relatives to the vielle and viola da gamba, the string family in the orchestra

Timbre in music refers to...

the identifying quality of a sound

What is the order of the Ordinary of the Catholic Mass?

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

studbud

Duplicate of Intro to Listening Western Midterm 1 review

85 termsStudBud Administration11 plays

Intro to Listening Midterm Review: Music History #musichistory chapters 4-9 powerpoints from class Duplicate of Review Classical Era, romantic era to p. 274: Questions on Classical, Romantic, and general music history. #music #history #classical #romantic #composers #terms #conc

Flashcards85 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 85

Answers

1
What city is associated with the classical style and its composers in the 18th century?
Venison
Vienna
Venice
Wienerschnitzel
2
A Baroque theory that different musical moods should be used to influence the emotions is...
Doctrine of Ethos
Theory of Relativity
String Theory
The Doctrine of Affections
3
A waltz such as the Blue Danube waltz is in what meter?
Quadruple meter
no meter
duple meter
triple meter
4
Who said that when you listen to music you should "fly with the music to the end of the piece"?
Frederic Chopin
Fritz Kreisler
Daniel Barenboim
Victor Wooten
5
Haydn's net worth in 1795 was equivocal to...
$500,000 today
$100,000 today
$2.1 milliion today
$2500 today
6
Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello and Raphael were alive during which musical time period?
Baroque
Romantic
Medieval
Renaissance
7
Pitch in music is:
the quality of a sound
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of short and long
the aspect of loud and soft
8
Baroque era numerical shorthand written below the bass line, was called...
figured bass
line of demarcation
accents
beats
9
_____ is the steady pulse that underlies most music.
Downbeat
Beat
Melody
Rhythm
10
Why do people stand for the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Messiah?
Everyone else does
Because King George stood up first
Out of tradition
They don't know why
11
Who wrote the Brandenburg Concertos?
Vivaldi
Corelli
Handel
Bach
12
The form pictured is called...
Sonata
Rap
Cantata
Concerto
13
A "ONE-two One- two" rhythm in music usually indicates what type of meter?
free form
Triple Meter
Organum
Duple Meter
14
Pitch in music is:
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of short and long
the quality of a sound
the aspect of high and low
15
What does "syllabic" mean in music?
Many syllables and many notes
One note, one syllable
16
This is a picture of Classical composer _____________, Lived in Esterhaszy, named the Father of symphonies.
Haydn
Mozart
Bach
Beethoven
17
Musically heightened speech in opera, derived from declamatory sections of monody, is called:
speech-song
explanatory verse
soliloquoy
recitative
18
A text for an opera is called...
a book
a liber usualis
a read out
a libretto
19
Medieval monks did all of the following except...
talk
practice medicine
pray 7 times a day
read and write
20
Intensity in music refers to...
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of loud and soft
the quality of sound that identifies the instrument
the aspect of short and long
21
Sonata-allegro form is also referred to as...
Rondo form
First movement form or Sonata form
minuet
binary form
22
Rhythm with the accent on the weak beat or between beats is called:
synchronization
supplementation
syllabification
syncopation
23
In which music period did decrescendos start being widely used?
Romantic
Classical
20th Century
Baroque
24
Whose music won the "contest" for word clarity in the Counter-reformation?
Henry Purcell
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Georg Frederic Handel
Johann Sebastian Bach
25
Who is a German late baroque composer who spent most of his composing life in England?
J.S. Bach
Stockhausen
Handel
Brandenburg
26
Messe de notre dame was composed by
Philip de Vitry
Claudio Monteverdi
Guillaume de Machaut
William Tell
27
Duration in music refers to...
the quality of sound that identifies an instrument
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of short and long
28
Who composed "The Nutcracker?"
Alexander Borodin
Ivan the Terrible
Peter Tchaikovsky
Modest Mussorgsky
29
Spreading pitches of a chord out to create a continuous stream of sound, is called...( p. 146)
Figured Bass
Basso Continuo
Alberti Bass
Basso Ostinato
30
What is the order of a Catholic Ordinary Mass?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Kyrie, Sanctus, Credo, Gloria, Agnus Dei
Sanctus, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Agnus Dei
Agnus Dei, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus
31
What is this symbol called...
Repeat
Crescendo
Fermata
Decrescendo
32
What is the correct order of music periods?
20th Century, Baroque, Romantic, Classical
Classical, Romantic, Baroque, 20th Century
Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century
Baroque, 20th Century, Romantic, Classical
33
A piece of music that can be diagrammed as A B A, the A indicates __, and the B indicates __.
variation; contrast
contrast; variation
contrast; repetition
repetition; contrast
34
Baroque composers used trills, turns and other techniques to ornament the music.
True
False
35
The three main textures of Western art music are:
monophony, non-imitative polyphony, & imitative homophony.
monophony, homophony, and polyphony.
monophony, imitative monophony, & non-imitative polyphony.
monophony, polyphony, and counterpoint.
36
Bach wrote the St. Matthew and the St. John Passions . What does Passion mean in this sense?
A story Bach really cared about.
The story of the trial and death of Jesus
The story of the love life of the saints.
37
Bach, Vivaldi and Handel were all composers from which period?
Baroque
Medieval
Classical
Romantic
38
Three genres to emerge in the Baroque era are:
art song, quodlibet, chanson
oratorio, opera, concerto
mass, motet, chant
symphony, madrigal, tone poem
39
In the story of Dido and Aeneas, what happens to Dido?
She takes a journey to Hades
She becomes a Goddess
After Aeneas leaves, she kills herself with poison
She travels to Italy
40
Purcell and Monteverdi were composers from which musical time period?
Romantic
Classical
Baroque
Renaissance
41
Violin, viola, violoncello and bass:
capable of tuning in different keys
bowed instruments
relatives to the vielle and viola da gamba
the string family in the orchestra
42
In which musical time period did Handel compose many operas and oratorios, including Messiah?
Romantic
Medieval
Baroque
Classical
43
The simplest definition of music is...?
The interaction of melody and harmony
The production of sound
Sound organized in time
Pleasing noises
44
To which music history era does this music example belongs to?
Renaissance
Middle Ages
Baroque
Classical
45
Timbre in music refers to...
the aspect of long and short
the identifying quality of a sound
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of high and low
46
This outdoor instrument was the ancestor of the trombone.
fife
recorder
sackbut
krummhorn
47
Late Baroque era, short sacred vocal work with recitatives, arias and choruses and orchestra is
a motet
an opera
an oratorio
a church cantata
48
What period in history of music took place from 1450 to 1600?
Medieval
Classicism
Renaissance
Baroque
49
Opera originated in...
Vienna, Austria
Munich, Germany
Florence, Italy
London, England
50
What Classical composer was composing and performing as a child?
Bach
Schoenberg
Chopin
Mozart
51
What is the order of the Ordinary of the Catholic Mass?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Kyrie, Gloria, Offertory, Sanctus, Credo
Introit, Agnus Dei, Dies Irae, Offertory
Gloria, Credo, Dies Irae, Hosanna
52
What does "melismatic" mean in ancient vocal music?
many notes, one syllable
one syllable, one or two notes
no syllables, many notes
53
A new musical genre that appeared in the 18th century was... (p. 143)
Opera Buffa, or Comic Opera
Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals
Gilbert and Sullivan operettas
Opera Seria
54
What was the name of the plucked keyboard instrument used in the Baroque period?
hurdy gurdy
harpsichord
piano
clavichord
55
Renaissance music is marked by...
grandeur, extravagance, drama
classical balance and restraint
56
Bass-driven chordal support for a melody in the Baroque era was called...
basso continuo
symphony
recitative
concerto
57
A succession of pitches can be called ...
a tune
a scale
a melody
a theme
58
Monteverdi's repeating musical interludes in between repeating musical strophes are called:
choruses
alternati
ritornelli (ritornello)
overtures
59
Who wrote the most music in the medieval era?
Giuseppe Verdi
Claudio Monteverdi
Hildegard von Bingen
anonymous
60
Baroque composer of the opera Orfeo
Montague
Montezuma
Monteverdi
Monte Cristo
61
Who worked for Count Esterhazy in the 18th century? (149)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Franz Josef Haydn
Johann von Goethe
Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach
62
Dynamics in music refers to:
How fast the music is played
The style of the music
The emotion of the music
Changes in sound volume
63
Which two musical eras feature order, balance and symmetry in their organization?
Renaissance and Romantic
Renaissance and Classical
Romantic and Baroque
Baroque and Medieval
64
The madrigal flourished in which era?
Medieval
Baroque
Romantic
Renaissance
65
Orfeo, or Orpheus, sings, and plays what instrument?
the drums
the harpsichord
the lyre
the cello
66
"Se vuol ballare" is an aria from... (p. 145)
Haydn's "Creation"
Mozart's Magic Flute
Mozart's Marriage of Figaro
Haydn's "Man in the Moon"
67
The _______________ of the community was the main body that kept Medieval society organized.
kings and queens
jousts
musical theater
church
68
What are the elements that define what Rhythm is?
Note lengths, Rhythm types, Rhythmic devices,
Rhythm types, Rhythmic layers, Note values, Rhythm elements
Polyrhythms, Devices, Note lengths, Rhythm types
Note values, Rhythm types, Rhythmic devices, Rhythmic layers
69
What is the difference between the storytelling in opera and oratorio?
Opera has arias and recitatives and oratorio does not
Opera is in Italian and Oratorio is in English
oratorio is not staged or costumed- opera is, elaborately
opera tells a story, oratorio does not
70
Which of these is NOT a plane of listening recommended by Copland?
snakes on a plane
sensual plane
sheerly musical plane
Expressive plane
71
A Baroque solo concerto has how many movements?
2
5
4
3
72
Who was a Baroque instrumental composer of "The Seasons" who was nicknamed the "Red Priest?"
Josquin des Prez
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Antonio Vivaldi
Claudio Monteverdi
73
A monody is...
a Baroque solo song with prominent top and bottom lines
a declamatory speech
a monophonic chant from middle ages
an instrumental concerto
74
In a fugue, the main melody is called the
subject
countermelody
potato
episode
75
Famous composers of the classical era include:
Mozart, Bach, Haydn
Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven
Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms
Handel, Vivaldi, Mozart
76
When was the Renaissance?
An era from 0-476
An era from 1600-1750
An era from 476-1450
An era from 1450-1600
77
The principle of organizing music around a central, or “home,” pitch is called:
tonality.
harmony.
dissonance.
consonance.
78
What is the order of the musical eras we have studied?
Medieval, Baroque, Renaissance
Renaissance, Medieval, Baroque
Baroque, Medieval, Renaissance
Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque
79
When did the "for profit" concert such as we have today come into being? (p. 143)
16th century
18th century
17th century
20th century
80
Which of the following is the correct order of Western Music?
Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Modern
Romantic, Classical, Baroque, Renaissance
Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic
Classical, Baroque, Romantic, Renaissance
81
An instrumental genre with 4 movements is a
Symphony
Cantata
Sonata
Concerto
82
Strophic Form in music can be described as:
a form with no repeats
a form with a 12 bar blues pattern
a form with repeated verses of music but different words
a form of a theme with multiple variations
83
What city was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire in the 18th century? (p.148)
Berlin
Rome
Vienna
Salzburg
84
The texture of music in the medieval chants was
polyphonic
imitative
monophonic
fugal
85
Classical style in the 18th century emulated...
the art of the wood craftsman
the art of Thomas Jefferson
the art of Egypt
the art of ancient Greece and Rome

Duplicate of Intro to Listening Western Midterm 1 review Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of Intro to Listening Western Midterm 1 review

85 termsStudBud Administration11 plays

Flashcards85 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 85

Answers

1
What city is associated with the classical style and its composers in the 18th century?
Venison
Vienna
Venice
Wienerschnitzel
2
A Baroque theory that different musical moods should be used to influence the emotions is...
Doctrine of Ethos
Theory of Relativity
String Theory
The Doctrine of Affections
3
A waltz such as the Blue Danube waltz is in what meter?
Quadruple meter
no meter
duple meter
triple meter
4
Who said that when you listen to music you should "fly with the music to the end of the piece"?
Frederic Chopin
Fritz Kreisler
Daniel Barenboim
Victor Wooten
5
Haydn's net worth in 1795 was equivocal to...
$500,000 today
$100,000 today
$2.1 milliion today
$2500 today
6
Leonardo, Michelangelo, Donatello and Raphael were alive during which musical time period?
Baroque
Romantic
Medieval
Renaissance
7
Pitch in music is:
the quality of a sound
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of short and long
the aspect of loud and soft
8
Baroque era numerical shorthand written below the bass line, was called...
figured bass
line of demarcation
accents
beats
9
_____ is the steady pulse that underlies most music.
Downbeat
Beat
Melody
Rhythm
10
Why do people stand for the "Hallelujah Chorus" from Messiah?
Everyone else does
Because King George stood up first
Out of tradition
They don't know why
11
Who wrote the Brandenburg Concertos?
Vivaldi
Corelli
Handel
Bach
12
The form pictured is called...
Sonata
Rap
Cantata
Concerto
13
A "ONE-two One- two" rhythm in music usually indicates what type of meter?
free form
Triple Meter
Organum
Duple Meter
14
Pitch in music is:
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of short and long
the quality of a sound
the aspect of high and low
15
What does "syllabic" mean in music?
Many syllables and many notes
One note, one syllable
16
This is a picture of Classical composer _____________, Lived in Esterhaszy, named the Father of symphonies.
Haydn
Mozart
Bach
Beethoven
17
Musically heightened speech in opera, derived from declamatory sections of monody, is called:
speech-song
explanatory verse
soliloquoy
recitative
18
A text for an opera is called...
a book
a liber usualis
a read out
a libretto
19
Medieval monks did all of the following except...
talk
practice medicine
pray 7 times a day
read and write
20
Intensity in music refers to...
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of loud and soft
the quality of sound that identifies the instrument
the aspect of short and long
21
Sonata-allegro form is also referred to as...
Rondo form
First movement form or Sonata form
minuet
binary form
22
Rhythm with the accent on the weak beat or between beats is called:
synchronization
supplementation
syllabification
syncopation
23
In which music period did decrescendos start being widely used?
Romantic
Classical
20th Century
Baroque
24
Whose music won the "contest" for word clarity in the Counter-reformation?
Henry Purcell
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Georg Frederic Handel
Johann Sebastian Bach
25
Who is a German late baroque composer who spent most of his composing life in England?
J.S. Bach
Stockhausen
Handel
Brandenburg
26
Messe de notre dame was composed by
Philip de Vitry
Claudio Monteverdi
Guillaume de Machaut
William Tell
27
Duration in music refers to...
the quality of sound that identifies an instrument
the aspect of high and low
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of short and long
28
Who composed "The Nutcracker?"
Alexander Borodin
Ivan the Terrible
Peter Tchaikovsky
Modest Mussorgsky
29
Spreading pitches of a chord out to create a continuous stream of sound, is called...( p. 146)
Figured Bass
Basso Continuo
Alberti Bass
Basso Ostinato
30
What is the order of a Catholic Ordinary Mass?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Kyrie, Sanctus, Credo, Gloria, Agnus Dei
Sanctus, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Agnus Dei
Agnus Dei, Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus
31
What is this symbol called...
Repeat
Crescendo
Fermata
Decrescendo
32
What is the correct order of music periods?
20th Century, Baroque, Romantic, Classical
Classical, Romantic, Baroque, 20th Century
Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century
Baroque, 20th Century, Romantic, Classical
33
A piece of music that can be diagrammed as A B A, the A indicates __, and the B indicates __.
variation; contrast
contrast; variation
contrast; repetition
repetition; contrast
34
Baroque composers used trills, turns and other techniques to ornament the music.
True
False
35
The three main textures of Western art music are:
monophony, non-imitative polyphony, & imitative homophony.
monophony, homophony, and polyphony.
monophony, imitative monophony, & non-imitative polyphony.
monophony, polyphony, and counterpoint.
36
Bach wrote the St. Matthew and the St. John Passions . What does Passion mean in this sense?
A story Bach really cared about.
The story of the trial and death of Jesus
The story of the love life of the saints.
37
Bach, Vivaldi and Handel were all composers from which period?
Baroque
Medieval
Classical
Romantic
38
Three genres to emerge in the Baroque era are:
art song, quodlibet, chanson
oratorio, opera, concerto
mass, motet, chant
symphony, madrigal, tone poem
39
In the story of Dido and Aeneas, what happens to Dido?
She takes a journey to Hades
She becomes a Goddess
After Aeneas leaves, she kills herself with poison
She travels to Italy
40
Purcell and Monteverdi were composers from which musical time period?
Romantic
Classical
Baroque
Renaissance
41
Violin, viola, violoncello and bass:
capable of tuning in different keys
bowed instruments
relatives to the vielle and viola da gamba
the string family in the orchestra
42
In which musical time period did Handel compose many operas and oratorios, including Messiah?
Romantic
Medieval
Baroque
Classical
43
The simplest definition of music is...?
The interaction of melody and harmony
The production of sound
Sound organized in time
Pleasing noises
44
To which music history era does this music example belongs to?
Renaissance
Middle Ages
Baroque
Classical
45
Timbre in music refers to...
the aspect of long and short
the identifying quality of a sound
the aspect of loud and soft
the aspect of high and low
46
This outdoor instrument was the ancestor of the trombone.
fife
recorder
sackbut
krummhorn
47
Late Baroque era, short sacred vocal work with recitatives, arias and choruses and orchestra is
a motet
an opera
an oratorio
a church cantata
48
What period in history of music took place from 1450 to 1600?
Medieval
Classicism
Renaissance
Baroque
49
Opera originated in...
Vienna, Austria
Munich, Germany
Florence, Italy
London, England
50
What Classical composer was composing and performing as a child?
Bach
Schoenberg
Chopin
Mozart
51
What is the order of the Ordinary of the Catholic Mass?
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Kyrie, Gloria, Offertory, Sanctus, Credo
Introit, Agnus Dei, Dies Irae, Offertory
Gloria, Credo, Dies Irae, Hosanna
52
What does "melismatic" mean in ancient vocal music?
many notes, one syllable
one syllable, one or two notes
no syllables, many notes
53
A new musical genre that appeared in the 18th century was... (p. 143)
Opera Buffa, or Comic Opera
Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals
Gilbert and Sullivan operettas
Opera Seria
54
What was the name of the plucked keyboard instrument used in the Baroque period?
hurdy gurdy
harpsichord
piano
clavichord
55
Renaissance music is marked by...
grandeur, extravagance, drama
classical balance and restraint
56
Bass-driven chordal support for a melody in the Baroque era was called...
basso continuo
symphony
recitative
concerto
57
A succession of pitches can be called ...
a tune
a scale
a melody
a theme
58
Monteverdi's repeating musical interludes in between repeating musical strophes are called:
choruses
alternati
ritornelli (ritornello)
overtures
59
Who wrote the most music in the medieval era?
Giuseppe Verdi
Claudio Monteverdi
Hildegard von Bingen
anonymous
60
Baroque composer of the opera Orfeo
Montague
Montezuma
Monteverdi
Monte Cristo
61
Who worked for Count Esterhazy in the 18th century? (149)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Franz Josef Haydn
Johann von Goethe
Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach
62
Dynamics in music refers to:
How fast the music is played
The style of the music
The emotion of the music
Changes in sound volume
63
Which two musical eras feature order, balance and symmetry in their organization?
Renaissance and Romantic
Renaissance and Classical
Romantic and Baroque
Baroque and Medieval
64
The madrigal flourished in which era?
Medieval
Baroque
Romantic
Renaissance
65
Orfeo, or Orpheus, sings, and plays what instrument?
the drums
the harpsichord
the lyre
the cello
66
"Se vuol ballare" is an aria from... (p. 145)
Haydn's "Creation"
Mozart's Magic Flute
Mozart's Marriage of Figaro
Haydn's "Man in the Moon"
67
The _______________ of the community was the main body that kept Medieval society organized.
kings and queens
jousts
musical theater
church
68
What are the elements that define what Rhythm is?
Note lengths, Rhythm types, Rhythmic devices,
Rhythm types, Rhythmic layers, Note values, Rhythm elements
Polyrhythms, Devices, Note lengths, Rhythm types
Note values, Rhythm types, Rhythmic devices, Rhythmic layers
69
What is the difference between the storytelling in opera and oratorio?
Opera has arias and recitatives and oratorio does not
Opera is in Italian and Oratorio is in English
oratorio is not staged or costumed- opera is, elaborately
opera tells a story, oratorio does not
70
Which of these is NOT a plane of listening recommended by Copland?
snakes on a plane
sensual plane
sheerly musical plane
Expressive plane
71
A Baroque solo concerto has how many movements?
2
5
4
3
72
Who was a Baroque instrumental composer of "The Seasons" who was nicknamed the "Red Priest?"
Josquin des Prez
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Antonio Vivaldi
Claudio Monteverdi
73
A monody is...
a Baroque solo song with prominent top and bottom lines
a declamatory speech
a monophonic chant from middle ages
an instrumental concerto
74
In a fugue, the main melody is called the
subject
countermelody
potato
episode
75
Famous composers of the classical era include:
Mozart, Bach, Haydn
Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven
Beethoven, Schubert, Brahms
Handel, Vivaldi, Mozart
76
When was the Renaissance?
An era from 0-476
An era from 1600-1750
An era from 476-1450
An era from 1450-1600
77
The principle of organizing music around a central, or “home,” pitch is called:
tonality.
harmony.
dissonance.
consonance.
78
What is the order of the musical eras we have studied?
Medieval, Baroque, Renaissance
Renaissance, Medieval, Baroque
Baroque, Medieval, Renaissance
Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque
79
When did the "for profit" concert such as we have today come into being? (p. 143)
16th century
18th century
17th century
20th century
80
Which of the following is the correct order of Western Music?
Baroque, Classical, Romantic, Modern
Romantic, Classical, Baroque, Renaissance
Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic
Classical, Baroque, Romantic, Renaissance
81
An instrumental genre with 4 movements is a
Symphony
Cantata
Sonata
Concerto
82
Strophic Form in music can be described as:
a form with no repeats
a form with a 12 bar blues pattern
a form with repeated verses of music but different words
a form of a theme with multiple variations
83
What city was the capital of the Holy Roman Empire in the 18th century? (p.148)
Berlin
Rome
Vienna
Salzburg
84
The texture of music in the medieval chants was
polyphonic
imitative
monophonic
fugal
85
Classical style in the 18th century emulated...
the art of the wood craftsman
the art of Thomas Jefferson
the art of Egypt
the art of ancient Greece and Rome