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AP Psych Practice Exam 3
AP Psych Practice Exam 3
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1
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
2
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
3
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
4
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
5
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
6
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
7
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
8
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
short-term memory
9
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
10
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
11
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
12
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
social psychology
13
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
14
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
15
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
16
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
pharmacological
cognitive
behavioral
17
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
18
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
19
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
phallic stage
20
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
21
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
feature detectors
fovea
optic chiasm
22
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
23
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
24
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
25
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
26
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
archetypes
27
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
relearning effect
leading questions
28
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
cerebral cortex
29
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
personality psychologist
30
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
31
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
32
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
33
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
morpheme
34
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
35
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
36
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
37
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
38
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
39
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
traumatic childhood experiences
masculine/feminine personality traits
40
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
outliers
modes
41
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
42
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
difference threshold
43
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
pursue a romantic interest
44
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
45
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
theory Y
approach-avoidance
James-Lange
postconventional
46
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive
evolutionary
47
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
48
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
49
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
rooting
stepping
50
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
51
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
52
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
beta waves
delta waves
53
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
reaction formation
sublimation
projection
displacement
54
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
55
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
56
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
57
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
58
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
59
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
60
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
61
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
62
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
cognitive dissonance
63
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
64
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
65
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
achievement
triarchic
projective
66
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
67
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
68
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
69
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
95
50
84
70
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
71
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
72
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
temperament
family
environment
73
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : increase
74
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
75
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
76
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
confirmation bias
framing effects
77
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
78
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
cones
rods
optic nerve
79
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
personality
anixety
schizophrenic
80
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
81
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
82
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
83
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
standard deviation
range
median
84
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
trait
humanist
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
85
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
86
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
tympanic membrane
87
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
88
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
correlation study
case study
experiment
89
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
90
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
91
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
92
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
93
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
94
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
in-group bias
individualism
95
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
96
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
client-centered therapy
97
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
discrimination
98
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
99
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
adrenaline
100
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
latent learning
101
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
superordinate goals
102
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
attachment
parenting style
103
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
104
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
105
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
106
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
107
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
planning for the future
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
108
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
109
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
110
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
assignment to conditions
representative assignment
random sampling
111
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
112
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
113
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
114
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
range
mean
115
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
William James
Albert Bandura
116
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
117
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
118
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
119
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
crystallized intelligence
120
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
121
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
iris
fovea
blind spot
122
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button
synaptic cleft
123
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
124
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
just world bias
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
125
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
126
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
rTMS
MRI
127
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
balance
hearing
touch
128
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
129
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
130
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
131
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
132
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
observational learning
133
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
achievement test
134
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
attachment
object permanence
135
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
136
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
137
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reward : punishment
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
138
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
139
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
140
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
141
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
142
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
143
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
144
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
145
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
146
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
147
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
gate-control theory
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
148
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
dispositional
social
behavioral
149
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
group polarization
150
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
151
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
variable interval
fixed ratio
152
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
153
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
sight
touch
154
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
physical contact between dendrites
155
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
156
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
157
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
158
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
tolerance
activation-synthesis
dissociation
159
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
160
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
external
fundamental
161
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
162
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
163
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members