In contrast to the UK, Mexico's political history is more often characterized by

Instability and legitimacy issues

Which of the following were characteristics of the "Great Leap Forward"?

Backyard blast furnaces, A campaign to destroy the "4 pests"

Where/when do lobbyists most likely begin to try influencing public policy in the U.K.?

Lobbying Cabinet members before legislation introduced

Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common

A significant degree of corruption

Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis?

The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader

Can the U.K. Supreme Court declare a law unconstitutional?

Yes, but only in cases involving EU human rights issues

China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?

Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution

The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to

Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"

System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit

Household responsibility system

The Federation Council of Russia has which of the following powers?

Ratify treaties and issue a suspensive veto

A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is

It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions

The President of China is formally selected by?

Election by the National People's Congress

A federal system is best defined as having

A division of power between regional and national government

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?

It strongly supports social welfare programs

Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?

Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council

Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population

Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse

Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?

Traditional cultural values often limit participation

What is "collectivization"?

Elimination of most private property

How are candidates chosen for elections in Nigeria?

They are nominated by political parties

Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?

There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct

Which of the following accurately compares Russian and Mexican elections/voting for president?

Mexico: may win with plurality; Russia: must have majority

Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?

Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law

As countries enter into free trade agreements (like NAFTA) there is greater demand on them to

Revise economic policies to favor international trade

In Iran, the head of the judiciary is

Appointed by the Supreme Leader

Gave cradle-to-grave benefits to workers

studbud

Giant AP Comparative Government & Politics Review Flashcards | StudBud

Giant AP Comparative Government & Politics Review

290 termsStudBud Administration308 plays

A broad overview of key concepts, terms, & people in AP Comparative Gov't & Politics.

Flashcards290 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 290

Answers

1
In contrast to the UK, Mexico's political history is more often characterized by
Multi-national conflicts
Social class differences
Instability and legitimacy issues
Gradualism and tradition
2
Which of the following pairs of countries are unitary states?
Russia and China
Mexico and Iran
Britain and Russia
Iran and China
3
Which of the following were characteristics of the "Great Leap Forward"?
Destruction of the "4 Olds"
Backyard blast furnaces
Attacks on intellectuals
A campaign to destroy the "4 pests"
4
Which of the following countries are considered rentier states?
Iran and Nigeria
China and Iran
Nigeria and Russia
China and Russia
5
Which of the following has been the most contentious issues between Mexico & the U.S. lately?
Global warming
Immigration
Trade relations
Acts of terrorism
6
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Maoism?
Collectivism
Struggle & activism
Individualism
Egalitarianism
7
Where/when do lobbyists most likely begin to try influencing public policy in the U.K.?
Lobbying Cabinet members before legislation introduced
Lobbying the monarch
Lobbying the Prime Minister directly
Lobbying minority leadership
8
Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common
Both countries have a vibrant and free media
A majority in both countries are Muslim
A majority in both countries are Christian
A significant degree of corruption
9
Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis?
The president and the Supreme Leader
The Guardian Council and the president
The Assembly of Religious Experts and Expediency Council
The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader
10
Approximately what was the growth rate of China's GDP from 1990-2009?
25%
-2%
3%
8%
11
Can the U.K. Supreme Court declare a law unconstitutional?
Yes
Yes, but only in cases involving EU human rights issues
No
Yes, but only in cases approved by the Prime Minister
12
Parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of votes received
Proportional representation
Single member districts
First-past-the-post
Referenda
13
China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?
Increased types of social welfare benefits citizens receive
Narrowed the gap between rich and poor
Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas
Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution
14
The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to
Keep the leader of the PRI from becoming a dictator
Provide support for the new constitution
Encourage development of a multi-party system
Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"
15
System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit
Collectivism
Household responsibility system
Guanxi
Fang shou
16
The Federation Council of Russia has which of the following powers?
Approve the president's choice of prime minister
Call new elections for the Duma
Approve presidential decrees and appoint judges
Ratify treaties and issue a suspensive veto
17
A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is
It includes value of goods produced outside the country
It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions
It only counts market value of final goods & services
There is no uniform measure of GNP across countries
18
Unlike the president of Mexico, the president of Russia has the power to
Dissolve the upper house of the legislature
Appoint court judges
Appoint cabinet members
Rule by decree
19
The President of China is formally selected by?
Vote of the Politburo
Direct election
Election by the National People's Congress
Appointment by the CCP
20
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
21
A federal system is best defined as having
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
A division of power between regional and national government
A centralized source of government authority
22
Which of the following social groups is most likely to protest in China?
Members of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)
Urban intellectuals
Middle-class entrepreneurs
Farmers in rural areas
23
In the 1980s, both Mexico and China experienced significant
Privatization of the economy
Regime changes
Political revolutions
Liberalization of the political system
24
Which of the following is responsible for "vetting" candidates for political office in Iran?
Majlis
Assembly of Religious Experts
Guardian Council
Expediency Council
25
A characteristic of the political culture that explains Britain's attitude towards the EU is
Insularity
Multinationalism
Cultural homogeneity
Noblesse oblige
26
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?
It favors privatization
It strongly supports social welfare programs
It favors reduced government spending
It is center-right
27
Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?
Britain's House of Commons and the Mexican Senate
Britain's House of Lords and the Russian Duma
Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council
The Mexican Chamber of Deputies and China's Congress
28
Which of the following enjoys the most political legitimacy?
The United Kingdom
Russia
Iran
China
29
The ability to make and enforce public policy without answering to a higher power
Liberal democracy
Sovereignty
Common law
Judicial review
30
The transition from an authoritarian system to a liberal democracy
Devolution
Economic liberalization
Democratization
Cooptation
31
Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population
Well-educated
Dominated by Christians
Ethnically diverse but monolingual
Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse
32
Political and economic change in Britain has long been characterized by
Resistance to reform
Coups d'etat
Gradualism
Revolutions
33
Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?
Women are not interested in politics in the developing world
Rural women participate more than urban women do
Political participation is generally prohibited
Traditional cultural values often limit participation
34
PRI-controlled governments after 1929 all generally practiced
Interest group pluralism
State corporatism
Totalitarianism
Neoliberalism
35
What is "collectivization"?
Elimination of most private property
The shift from communism to capitalism
Privatization of most sectors of the economy
The creation of Special Economic Zones
36
How are candidates chosen for elections in Nigeria?
They are nominated by the military
They are nominated by political parties
They are nominated by the people
They are approved by the president
37
One of the primary functions of Russia's Constitutional Court is to
Oversee the impeachment process
Exercise judicial review
Amend the Constitution
Validate election results
38
Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?
There is a fusion of all three branches of government
There is separation between executive and legislative only
There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct
There are three distinct branches of government
39
Mexico's high gini coefficient indicates the existence of a high degree of
Economic inequality
Political freedom
Economic dependency
Literacy
40
When many groups are free to participate in the policy-making process:
Pluralism
Democratization
Civil society
Transparency
41
Which of the following accurately compares Russian and Mexican elections/voting for president?
Mexico: may win with plurality; Russia: must have majority
Mexico: must win with majority; Russia: win with plurality
Both: presidents have six year terms, but no reelection
Both: president must win by a majority vote
42
Which of the following pairs of countries have federal systems?
Mexico and Nigeria
Great Britain and Russia
Great Britain and Nigeria
China and Russia
43
Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?
Several political parties merge to form one centrist party
Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law
Judges defer to elected officials on constitutional issues
One political party dominates
44
According to the Russian Constitution, the president has what power over the legis. branch?
He can dissolve the Duma
He can change the # of representatives for a region
He can appoint representatives to the Duma
He can declare Duma elections void
45
The overthrow and replacement of a regime based upon broad popular support
Revolution
Devolution
Coup
Grassroots movements
46
As countries enter into free trade agreements (like NAFTA) there is greater demand on them to
Allow for bottom-up political participation
Revise economic policies to favor international trade
Adopt proportional representation systems
Plan their economies centrally
47
In Iran, the head of the judiciary is
Appointed by the Guardian Council
Appointed by the Supreme Leader
Appointed by the president, affirmed by Guardian Council
Chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts
48
Which of the following is not a political party operating in the U.K.?
Labour Party
Plaid Cymru
Progressive Royalists Party
Conservative Party
49
The "iron rice bowl"
Gave cradle-to-grave benefits to workers
Privatized major sectors of the Chinese economy
Was established by Sun Yat Sen
Was designed to benefit the leaders of the Communist Party
50
Unlike the Russian and Chinese revolutions, Iran's 1979 Revolution was based on
Military strength
Religion
Authoritarian motives
Ideology
51
Protections individuals have against government action
Civil society
Civil liberties
Political culture
Civil rights
52
This world leader alienated Iran after 9/11 with the "Axis of Evil" speech
George H.W. Bush
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Bill Clinton
53
Which of the following does not contribute to political legitimacy in the British regime?
The monarch as head of state
Accountability created by free, competitive elections
Limits on free press by the Official Secrets Act
Public question time of ministers in the House of Commons
54
The area of the E.U. where nations have eliminated passport restrictions & border controls is
The EEC
The Schengen Area
The Maastricht Area
The FIFA Zone
55
Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as
Open with some limitations imposed by the government
Accessible to all, except television, which is state-run
Access is severely restricted
Accessible to all, including social media
56
What is a major problem with the bureaucracy in Nigeria?
Corruption is pervasive
The civil service is controlled by the military
There is no functioning bureaucracy in Nigeria
The civil service is understaffed
57
In both Mexico and Russia, the Supreme Court has
Judicial review only in theory
No appellate authority
Complete independence from the executive branch
No basis in the nation's constitution
58
Since 1978, the Chinese government has generally supported a move towards a trade policy of
Free trade
Mercantilism
Closed borders
Protectionism
59
Which of the following was encouraged under Deng Xiaoping?
Collectivism
Private enterprise
The Great Leap Forward
Command economics
60
Which of the following ensures laws are compatible with Islam & serves as an "upper house"?
The Assembly of Experts
The Expediency Council
The Guardian Council
The Council of Ministers
61
Which of the following is evidence that Nigeria is organized as a federal system?
The existence of shari'a courts in the north
The regime has a constitution
The heavy dependence on oil revenues
Its presidential system
62
An illiberal democracy is defined as
Gov't hold elections, but restricts civil rights/liberties
A country that lacks free trade
Nation claims to be democratic, but doesn't allow elections
Country experiencing high levels of economic growth
63
Which of the following is the best definition of "state"
The ethnic loyalty of a population
The basic unit of political org. for a people in a territory
Self-determination
Enduring political patterns from one leader to the next
64
This group represents the factory workers of Iran and their concerns
OPEC
Workers' House
Bonyads
Foundation for the Oppressed and Disabled
65
The fundamental norms & rules established by administrations in a state over time
Political ideology
Rentier state
Civil society
Regime
66
Which of the following had a major role in regime change in Nigeria from 1960-1999?
Famine
HIV epidemic
Military coups
Terrorist actions
67
Hukuo restrictions in China have mostly heavily impacted
The government's ability to tax citizens
Rural to urban migration
Trade with other countries
Population growth
68
The current prime minister of Russia is
Mikhael Khodorkovsky
Dmitry Medvedev
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Putin
69
This is a system with both democratic and authoritarian elements
An underdeveloped country
A mixed-market economy
A substantive democracy
A hybrid regime
70
One key challenge to U.K. sovereignty in recent years has been
Lack of natural resources
Religious cleavages
Economic disparity
Membership in the E.U.
71
In comparison to the party system in Russia, the party system in Mexico is
More fluid, more likely based on individuals than ideology
More competitive
Weaker and more fluid
Less supportive of women candidates
72
One similarity between the Russian and British systems is that both
Have a lower house as the more powerful policy-making body
Have an unwritten constitution
Have the PM as head of the lower house of the legislature
Merge the positions of Head of State and Head of Government
73
A movement driven by the politics of ordinary citizens
Democratization
Grassroots movement
Coup
Devolution
74
In contrast to Great Britain, Russia's political culture puts more emphasis on
Civil society
State authority
The importance of nationality
Insularity
75
In which types of national votes can Russians participate
Presidential elections only
Presidential and Duma elections only
Duma elections only
Presidential, Duma, and referenda elections only
76
Which of the following is a major exporter of oil?
Iran, China, and Russia
Iran, Nigeria, and China
Iran, U.K., and China
Iran, Mexico, and Nigeria
77
Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?
Iran is a unitary state, Nigeria is a federal state
Nigeria relies on the export of oil, but Iran does not
Iran's law is based on common law, Nigeria's on shari'a
Nigeria has regular elections, but Iran does not
78
Mexican and Nigerian political cultures differ in which of the following ways?
Nigeria: personal freedom important; Mexico: no freedom
Mexico: gender equality important; Nigeria: women inferior
Mexico: strong nationalism; Nigeria: strong ethnic identity
Mexico: support military; Nigeria: anti-military rule
79
When groups, such as business, labor, interest groups work closely with gov't in policy-making
Rentier states
Command economies
Cooptation
Corporatism
80
All of the following are true about the president of Iran except
Is the head of government
Must be elected by majority vote
Acts as head of the armed forces
May not serve more than 2 consecutive terms
81
China's role in global politics has
Been based on spreading civil liberties and human rights
Declined as China concentrated on domestic economic growth
Grown as its ability to extend its military power has grown
Grown as its economic power has grown
82
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behaviors
The nation-state
Political recruitment
Political socialization
Political culture
83
The Mexican economy has struggled party because of its dependency on production/export of
Silver
Oil
Wheat
Products for tourism
84
In recent years, all of the following reforms have been instituted in China except
Creation of special economic zones
Mandatory retirement ages for most national leaders
Competitive village elections
Creation of an independent judiciary
85
The organization of the Russian Federation into some "autonomous regions" is based mostly on
Ethnicity
Religion
Social class
Economic differences
86
Process by which a policy issue or constitutional amendment is sent to the voters for approval
Liberal democracy
Cooptation
Referendum
Democratization
87
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
88
What is meant by velayat e' faqih?
The Revolutionary Guard protect the Supreme Leader
The head of the judiciary interprets the Constitution
The switch from common law to civil law
Clerical leaders act as custodians of the people and nation
89
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution was to
Purify the CCP and nation through ideological transformation
Seize power from Mao Zedong
Establish military rule in China
Establish a communist regime in China
90
Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?
The level of income inequality
The number of people who vote
Whether elections are held and freely contested
The level of political legitimacy afforded the regime
91
One similarity between today's Russian Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both
Been dominated by a single political party
Play a significant role in policy making
Banned women from becoming representatives
Taken a lead role in environmental issues
92
Timing of UK elections are generally determined by which of the following?
The PM can call elections any time in a 5-year period
A non-partisan electoral commission sets the dates
Citizens decide in a referendum
Elections are set by law, except in specific circumstances
93
The network of camarillas that characterized the Mexican system in the 20th century was
Parastatal
Patron-clientalism
Pluralism
Privatization
94
Which of the following best describes global trends in domestic policies?
There are more communist regimes since the late 1990s
There are more democracies than a decade ago
There are more states turning to authoritarian leadership
More countries are choosing to return to monarchies
95
Methods by which someone is influenced in developing their views about government/politics
Dependency theory
Political socialization
Civil society
Political recruitment
96
The Westminster model of representative government differs from presidential models most in its
Legislative sovereignty
Publicly funded election campaigns
Use of proportional election procedures
Federal structure
97
The United Kingdom holds elections every
5 years
6 years
10 years
3 years
98
People in the United Kingdom tend to vote based on all of the following except
Geographic location
Party identification
Religion
Union membership
99
The greatest change in Mexican political history since 1950 was
The end of the camarillas system
Transformation from a socialist to a capitalist economy
The end of one-party dominance
The end of electoral fraud
100
The AP Comp nation with the highest reported poverty rate
China
Mexico
Nigeria
Iran
101
When did Nigeria achieve its independence?
1960
1860
1999
1970
102
Historically, compared to government bureaucrats in Mexico, government bureaucrats in the UK
Had much more discretionary power
Are generally more corrupt
Are less likely to stay in their jobs under a new Cabinet
Must bow to the will of Cabinet members
103
Which of the following best describes newspapers in Nigeria?
Newspapers are controlled by the state
They are available, but literacy & language limit importance
There are no newspapers
Newspapers are widely available and depended on heavily
104
Who sought to reduce the semi-absolute rule of the Shah to make Iran a full democracy?
Hassan Rouhani
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
Reza Khan
105
Groups and organizations that connect government to its citizens
Linkage institutions
NGOs
Grassroots movements
Coinciding cleavage
106
A form of government where politics and religion are intertwined
Theocracy
Authoritarianism
Illiberal democracy
Marxism
107
Which of the following is someone in the southern part of Mexico most likely to support?
The PRC
The PRI
The PRD
The PAN
108
Which of the following is not a political issue in the U.K. with respect to cleavages?
Social welfare
Geographic isolation
Ethnic changes
Economic prosperity
109
In contrast to civil society in Great Britain, civil society in Russia is
Less influenced by state authority
Less characterized by conflict
More oriented toward political participation
Relatively underdeveloped
110
For which of the following are women eligible in Iran?
Majlis
Expediency Council
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
111
Collective farms, Five-Year plans, and the Gosplan were all established by
Nikita Khrushchev
Joseph Stalin
Mikhail Gorbachev
Vladimir Lenin
112
Which of the following is the most important agent of political socialization in most nations?
The media
Religious leaders
School
The family
113
Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a
Decline in the influence of patron-client networks
Series of military coups
Resurgence in its dependency on Britain
Successful parliamentary-style government
114
Voluntary social organizations outside of government representing various interests
Liberal democracy
Political recruitment
Civil society
Political culture
115
An apparent connection between variables
Causation
Corporatism
Cooptation
Correlation
116
Which of the following is not an indicator of high levels of development?
Low birthrate
High GDP
High infant mortality rates
High life expectancy
117
Which of the following is true of a coalition government?
Tends to result from fragmented legislature, can be unstable
Is an ideal of a majoritarian democracy
It systematically excludes minority voices from government
Tends to result from first-past-the post voting system
118
Which of the following is a "technocrat"?
Chiang Kai Shek
Mao Zedong
Xi Jinping
Deng Xiaoping
119
One reason ethnic conflict in China has been relatively limited is
Tibet is the only problem area under Chinese control
Most Chinese are happy to have a strong, powerful state
Small population & geographic isolation of ethnic minorities
Most Chinese are Buddhist pacifists and won't revolt
120
This Kuomintang leader fled to Taiwan (o.k., Ethan, "Chinese Taipei")
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
Sun Yat-sen
Jiang Zemin
121
What did the 20th century revolutions in China, Russia, and Mexico have in common?
They all brought a quick end to violence
They were all based on Marxist ideology
They all resulted in a one-party state
They all sought to overthrow weak governments
122
The Constitution of 1979 was created by a directly-elected 73-man group of clerics called the
Majlis
Revolutionary Guard
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
123
In Iran, formal political parties are less important than reformist and conservative coalitions
True
False
124
In Mexico, the election of 2000 was notable mainly because it reflected the fact that
A multi-party system was replacing a one-party system
The military had lost control of the political system
It produced more violence than previous elections had
The economy was becoming less stable
125
Iran is a hybrid of
Monarchy and democracy
Theocracy and democracy
Neo-liberalism and free-market capitalism
Theocracy and feudalism
126
A unitary system is best defined as having
A centralized geographic center of authority
A division of power between regional and national government
Checks and balances
Separation of powers
127
A cadre list would be used for which of the following?
Perestroika
Federalism
Socialism
Nomenklatura
128
When a court has the power to overturn a law passed by the legislature
Referendum
Code law
Common law
Judicial review
129
Who led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until 1976?
Deng Xiaoping
Sun Yat-sen
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
130
How has the European Union affected its member countries?
Less trade between European neighbors
An increase in military power
A reduction in sovereignty
Greater unemployment
131
During the 1980s, both China and Great Britain did which of the following?
Heightened authoritarian rule
Imposed stricter punishment for political dissidents
Promoted free markets and private profit incentives
Encouraged environmental movements
132
The maquiladora district produces goods primarily for
The people of southern Mexico
Upper class Mexicans who live in the North
Consumers in the United States
People in Mexico City and surrounding areas
133
In contrast to most "western" nations, Russia has a stronger tradition of
Authoritarian leadership
Civil society
Individualism
Separation of church and state
134
Methods for identifying, training, & selecting those who will serve in government
Political culture
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Dependency theory
135
Which of the following best describes energy policy in an AP Comp country?
Mexico exports most of its oil to the United States
Iran no longer relies heavily on oil to fund its economy
Nigerian oil revenues are distributed equally to citizens
China produces enough oil to be self-sufficient
136
Which of the following identifies two basic elements of all modern representative democracies?
Proportional representation, separation of exec/leg power
Free speech, private ownership of all industry
Free and fair elections, broad suffrage
A written constitution, separation of powers
137
What is the highest legislative body in the People's Republic of China?
Provincial Congress
Politiburo
Politburo Standing Committee
National People's Congress
138
Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?
A country in which most accept the "rules of the game"
A country with frequent coups
A country with political and economic development
A country in which independent interest groups thrive
139
Which of the following is not a major political party in Nigeria?
ACN (Action Congress of Nigeria)
ANPP (All Nigeria People's Party)
PDP (People's Democratic Party)
PRN (People's Republic of Nigeria)
140
The goal of the Great Proletarian Revolution was
Assimiliation
Political "purification"
Privatization
Collectivization
141
Which of the following best characterizes the Iranian Revolution of 1979?
Short fairly non-violent upheaval w/ support of middle class
Bloodless coup that installed military regime
Prolonged nation-wide guerilla uprising
Strategy of terrorist attacks on Tehran, other urban areas
142
The Supreme Council of Virtual Space in Iran restricts
Access to the black market
The internet
Permits for political rallies
Access to television
143
Globalization has had which of the following impacts?
Less pressure for nations to address human rights violations
A reduction of the Gini index in most countries
Less foreign direct investment in most countries
Greater wealth distribution worldwide
144
What are the technocrats?
Tech-skilled people mocked in the Cultural Revolution
Those who monitor internet communications in China
Technologically skilled people with power in China
Political elites that discourage use of technology
145
Which of the AP Comp 6 has the largest legislature?
China
United Kingdom
Mexico
Russia
146
In 1997, the U.K. ceded what territory to China after the end of a 100-year lease?
Macau
Shanghai
Taiwan
Hong Kong
147
A formula that measures economic inequality within a country
GDP adjusted for PPP
HDI
Gini Coefficient
Per capita GDP
148
Which of the following groups would most likely support Mexico's PRD?
Urban workers
Business owners
People who support the Catholic Church's role in politics
Large landowners
149
Which of the following is untrue about women in Iran?
The form a majority in the Majlis
The form the majority of college students
The are required to wear a hijab in public
The represent nearly half of professional positions
150
Which of the following countries is more developed in the north than in the south?
Russia
China
Nigeria
Mexico
151
Who is the current president of China?
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
Xi Jinping
152
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
The Shah
Hassan Rouhani
153
Which of the following is the most powerful seat of political power in China?
Central Committee
National Party Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
The National People's Congress
154
The majority ethnic group in China is
Tibetan
Mongol
Uyghur
Han
155
Which of the following best describes Mexico's PAN prior to presidential victory in 2000?
Won several gubernatorial elections in northern Mexico
Focused efforts on growing support among ethnic natives
Avoided electoral politics
Sought a national alliance with the PRD
156
Transparency in government is important for combating
Economic inequality
Devolution
Political party conflicts
Corruption
157
This Treaty established the Three Pillars of the European Union
Rome
Lisbon
Paris
Maastricht
158
A person of Spanish and American Indian descent is
Mexicano
Mestizo
Spaniard
Amerindian
159
Which of the following is the biggest source of Iranian distrust of the U.S.?
Its financial support of the Khomeini regime
The 1979 revolution supported by the CIA
The Iran-Iraq war
The 1953 coup supported by the CIA
160
A significant difference between the Yeltsin & Putin administrations, domestically, is
Peaceful relations w/ Chechnya under Y, violent under P
Centrally planned economy under Y, free market under P
Extensive media freedom under Y, less under P
More decrees under Y, less under P
161
Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?
Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus
Changing the electoral system for the Duma
Increasing restrictions on the media
Establishing presidential appointments of governors
162
In Mexico, mestizos are generally
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in central regions
More educated, less wealthy, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the south
163
Approximately how many members are in the CCP?
About 80 million
About 1 million
About 500 million
All voting-eligible citizens of China
164
Where is shari'a law practiced?
Iran and parts of Nigeria
Iran only
Iran Nigeria, and parts of China
Iran, and parts of Nigeria and Russia
165
"Political culture" is
Widely shared political beliefs, attitudes, & values
A person's set of core beliefs about government policies
Patronage
A complex social networking system
166
In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as
A mediator between competing political forces
A final authority on matters of public policy
A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy
A reminder of Great Britain's former power and wealth
167
What did Mao Zedong call the command economy of China from 1949 to 1976?
The Socialist Market Economy
A free-market economy
Special Economic Zones
The Iron Rice Bowl
168
Economy with little government control, where wages & prices are determined by supply & demand
Market economy
Command economy
Economic liberalization
Communism
169
What is China's economy considered to be?
Socialist market
Command
Pure market
Libertarian
170
This effort to speed up China's development and catch up economically led to massive famine
SEZs
The Great Leap Forward
The Great Proletarian Revolution
The Iron Rice Bowl
171
Which AP Comp nations use first-past-the-post in at least some of their elections?
The U.K., Russia, China, & Mexico
The United Kingdom only
The U.K., Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, & Iran
The U.K., Russia, China, & Nigeria
172
Which group is assigned to investigate Iran for compliance with JCPOA?
The United States
The International Atomic Energy Agency
The European Union
The UN Security Council
173
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and how money is spent
Liberal democracy
Political culture
Civil society
Transparency
174
Which of the following best describes the role of civil society groups in Nigeria?
They are small and relatively weak
Civil society groups are controlled by a corporatist system
There are many, and they have a great deal of influence
Independent groups are not allowed
175
Russia's economy is most dependent on
Coal reserves
International trade, especially with China
Agricultural products
Oil and gas reserves
176
A corporation owned or partially owned and controlled by the government is a
Bonyad
Guanxi
Parastatal
Basij
177
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
Gini index
HDI
GDP
GDP adjusted for PPP
178
Which of the following is an example of a role political parties play in the U.K. legislature?
Parties are awarded seats proportionally
Parties evenly divide seats in the Commons
The PM is chosen by the majority party in Commons
Parties have a minor role since there is a fusion of powers
179
Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?
Neither controls the executive branch
Both have formed one-party systems in their countries
Neither dominate their nations' legislatures today
Both have been part of a multi-party system
180
Economic policies establishing protective tariffs, subsidies for domestic industry
Import substitution policies
Economic liberalization
Structural adjustment policies
Mixed market economies
181
Which of the following is a significant cleavage in Mexico?
North vs. South
Urban vs. Rural/Social Class
Mestizo vs. Amerindian
All of the above
182
The main check on the executive branch that the '93 Constitution gives the Duma is the power to
Issue decrees that have the force of law
Send exec. acts to Constitutional Court for judicial review
Appoint the PM and Cabinet
Reject the appointment of the PM
183
Which of the following traditions in China most emphasizes respect for traditional roles?
Confucianism
Maoism
Daoism
Socialist market economy
184
"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter, as long as it catches mice," is associated with
Maoism
Deng Xiaoping Theory
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution
The mandate of heaven
185
What is the conviction rate in the Chinese criminal justice system?
67%
99%
5%
75%
186
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
187
A major goal of both the EU and NAFTA is the establishment of
Common agricultural regulations
A common currency
A free trade system
A regional parliament
188
Which of the following is not part of Great Britain?
Scotland
England
Northern Ireland
Wales
189
Which of the following sets have federal systems of government?
Mexico, Russia, and China
Iran, Great Britain, and Nigeria
Great Britain, Russia, and Mexico
Nigeria, Russia, and Mexico
190
A bonyad is not
A fenced in area of Boston to keep farm animals
A charitable organization exempt from taxes
The Iranian morality police
Subsidized by the government
191
In which countries is the media controlled or heavily regulated by the state?
Russia, China, Iran
Iran, Russia, Mexico
China, Iran, Nigeria
China, Iran, Nigeria
192
In traditional China before the 20th century, an important source of political legitimacy was
Confucian philosophy
Democratic centralism
The mass line
Collectivism
193
In China, the term guanxi refers to what?
A Buddhist religious group
Political socialization
Bribes
Personal connections
194
Political parties in the U.K. play a major role in policy-making because
They have a strong relationship with the monarch
They are organized around charismatic leaders
Of the long-standing tradition of common law
The majority party forms the Government in the Commons
195
All of the following were components of the "White Revolution" except
Increased emphasis on Islamic principles
Expansion of educational opportunities
Infrastructure development
Land reform for peasants
196
Which of the following is the best example of a parastatal in Mexico?
NAFTA
PEMEX
Camarillas
America Movil
197
Russia's president may serve
Two successive 6-year terms, may "repeat"
Indefinitely
Two successive 4-year terms
Two successive 6-year terms
198
Which faction within the CCP is most opposed to democratization?
Reformers
Conservatives
Liberals
199
Both Mexico and the United Kingdom belong to
The World Trade Organization
The European Union
NATO
NAFTA
200
People in Iran grew increasingly angry with the Shah for all of the following reasons except
Stifling of opposition groups & individuals
Creation and use of SAVAK
Strong GDP growth
Unequal distribution of income
201
Which of the following two tribal groups are predominantly Muslim?
Fulani
Igbo
Yoruba
Hausa
202
In 1979, the vast majority of Iranians supported...
Replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic
Joining the United Nations
Replacing the Ayatollah with the Shah
A secular constitution
203
Today, the primary ethnic cleavage in Mexico is between
Europeans and mestizos
Mestizos and Amerindians
Spanish and natives
Europeans and Amerindians
204
Nigeria's democratization process is best described as
A rejection of patrimonial rule
A smooth transition from colonial to self-rule
Successful effort to dismantle the prebendalist system
A process frequently interrupted by military intervention
205
Who had become China's most powerful leader by 1978?
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Zemin
Sun Yat-sen
206
Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's northern region has been
Revolutionary ideals
The constitution
Shari'a
Family traditions
207
The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was
Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature
The change to an entirely proportional electoral system
The separation of the House of Lords as a separate branch
The change from an adversarial to an inquisitorial court
208
Who was the first president of the Chinese Republic?
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
Wen Jibao
Sun Yat-sen
209
Pride on one's people, and the belief that they have their own unique political destiny
Nationalism
Nation
Coinciding cleavage
Civil society
210
A "hybrid regime" is one that
Has characteristics of both authoritarianism and democracy
Is in danger of political or economic collapse
Mixes capitalism and socialism
Has a mid-range comparative per capita PPP
211
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Labour Party?
It supports privatization of medical services
It is center-left
It supports government involvement in the economy
It favors government support for social welfare programs
212
From 1980-1988, more than 500,000 Iranians were killed when _______ invaded Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini
Saddam Hussein
Saudi Arabia
The United States
213
In China, fang shou refers to what?
Personal connections
The list of those eligible for office in the communist party
A "loosening/tightening" process of political freedom
The system restricting movement from rural to urban areas
214
Why did the U.K. establish a separate supreme court?
To comply with NATO requirements
To meet EU requirements to provide an independent judiciary
To improve transparency within the judicial system
To create a federal system of government
215
The UK is organized as a
Authoritarian unitary system
Unitary system with devolution/some federal features
Federal system similar to the U.S.
Hybrid system
216
The electoral system in the U.K. tends to
Set parliamentary seat allocation as a percentage of votes
Favor regional parties over national parties
Typically result in minority or coalition governments
Exaggerate the scale of victory of the largest party
217
Protections that governments provide for ethnic, religious, gender, or minority groups
Civil society
Civil rights
Political culture
Civil liberties
218
A state where the government provides for people's basic needs, like medical care & pensions
A welfare state
Post-materialist
A market economy
Communism
219
Which of the following countries is actively trying to boost its population?
The United Kingdom
Russia
Iran
China
220
To political scientists, a "nation" means
A group of people living in a certain geographic area
A group of people who share a common identity
A group of people living in one country
A group of people ruled by one leader
221
All of the following are responsibilities of the Majlis except
Approval of the budget
Approval of the Supreme Leader
Passing legislation
Debating legislation
222
Iran became a rentier state under the Pahlavis when most of its income came from
Renting its industrial factories to foreign nations
Exporting oil and leasing oil fields to foreign countries
International loans
Selling oil to its citizens
223
The Pendulum Effect best describes Mexican government between
1970s through the 1990s
1910 and 1934
1934 through the 1970s
1870 and 1910
224
One significant impact of the Shah's "White Revolution" was that it
Secularized the society
Created a theocracy
Abolished private property
Weakened the army
225
One function of the Expediency Council in Iran is to
Serve as the highest court for religious issues
Serve as advisers to the Supreme Leader
Serve as the president's Cabinet
Serve as a sort of "upper house" of the legislature
226
In 2016, Putin altered the electoral process for the Duma; in what way?
Allowing only members of his party to be seated in the Duma
Change to all proportional representation
Change to all FPTP, based on SMDs
Change from proportional rep. ⇒ part proportional, part FPTP
227
The AP Comp nation with the highest Gini coefficient
Iran
Mexico
The United Kingdom
Nigeria
228
Which of the following makes Iran a "rentier state"?
Its authoritarian leadership
Its underdeveloped infrastructure
Its export of oil to foreign nations leasing its oil lands
Its status as a Shi'a nation
229
Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?
A national assembly with only limited power over laws
A president who serves for life
Federal division of power
Single-party rule
230
Winner-take-all; whoever wins the most votes get the one available seat in the election
Single member districts
Proportional representation
Parliamentary system
First-past-the-post
231
Which of the following tribal groups in Nigeria are Muslim?
Igbo
Hausa
Ijaw
Yoruba
232
Where does the UK rank out of the 6 AP Comp countries in terms of the GINI index?
6th
4th
3rd
1st
233
The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following except
Unprecedented market growth under market socialism
Reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev
The belief that China should allow a more democratic system
A belief that market reforms might lead to political reforms
234
Which of the following most directly caused the Islamic Revolution in Iran?
Rejection of the Shah's pro-western policies
Isolationist policies
Urban/rural clashes
Lack of modernization
235
Russia, Mexico, Iran, and Nigeria all have
Directly elected presidents
Unitary systems of government
Long histories of military rule
A free press
236
Recently, Russia has been accused of violating the sovereignty of which neighboring country?
Ukraine
Crimea
Chechnya
Moldova
237
System with political competition, economic freedom, civil rights & liberties, & transparency
Rentier state
Authoritarian state
Illiberal/procedural democracy
Liberal/substantive democracy
238
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of northern and southern Mexico?
The north is more supportive of a market-based economy
Larger numbers of Amerindians live in the north
There are few socioeconomic differences between the regions
A larger proportion of southern people live in urban areas
239
The current Supreme Leader of Iran is
Ruhollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
Ali Khameini
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
240
Which is the best explanation for why civil society struggled under Ahmadinejad's presidency?
Internet activism
Political suppression and tight security controls
Iranian disinterest in politics
Increased economic well-being
241
A market economy differs from a command economy in that a market economy
Controls wages & prices
Guarantees high levels of employment
Relies on the profit motive & competition
Has production goals set by the central government
242
The Russian political system established by the Constitution of 1993 is best described as
A parliamentary system
A unitary system
A confederal system
A parliamentary-presidential system
243
The founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, Kuomintang
Sun Tzu
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai Shek
Sun Yat Sen
244
What is a nomenklatura?
A list of the wealthiest people in a state
A list of dissidents among the citizenry
A list of those who have served in the government
A list of important positions & people to fill them
245
Which of the following best describes the legislature & electoral system in Russia?
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower prop. rep.
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower both PR & SMD
Unicameral; PR with 5% threshold
Unicameral; 1st-past-the-post, SMDs
246
The total value of goods and services produced within a given country
HDI
GDP
GNP
Per capita GDP
247
Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China
Government restrictions on development of civil society
Majority of economy is devoted to heavy industry
Continued opposition to the growth of capitalism
Lack of political parties
248
Which British PM promoted the concept of a "third way"?
David Cameron
Tony Blair
Gordon Brown
Margaret Thatcher
249
What government policies are designed to deal with cleavages based on nationality in the U.K.?
Devolution
Patronage
Exclusion
Isolationism
250
The president is both Head of State and Head of Government in which of the following?
Mexico and Russia
Nigeria and Mexico
Iran and Mexico
China and Nigeria
251
Which of the following appoints the Supreme Leader?
The Expediency Council
The Council of Ministers
The Guardian Council
The Assembly of Experts
252
What change did the 1911 Parliament act make to the way government functions in the U.K.?
It eliminated "rotten boroughs"
It removed most hereditary peers in the House of Lords
It allowed for women to be elected to the House of Commons
It stripped the House of Lords of most significant power
253
An important goal of Yeltsin's "shock therapy" in the 1990s was to create a(n)
Oligarchy
Market-based socialist economy
Free-market economy
Democratic republic
254
Which of the following Mexican presidents ran as PRI candidates?
Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Lazaro Cárdenas
Vicente Fox and Enrique Peňa Nieto
Vicente Fox and Ernesto Zedillo
Ernesto Zedillo and Enrique Peňa Nieto
255
Views about policy-making, the government's role, the pace of change, freedom & equality
Political ideology
Political recruitment
Political socialization
Political attitudes
256
How long has the current regime in Nigeria been functioning?
Since 1970
Since 2010
Since 1999
Since 1960
257
Who is the current president of China?
Xi Jinping
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
258
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the U.K. electoral system?
Single member district plurality vote for the lower house
Majority popular vote
Direct democracy system
Proportional representation system
259
A major reason the CCP, government executives, & legislatures are parallel systems is that
The Constitution requires it
More Party & government jobs help reduce unemployment
Government leaders & legislators are better educated
The structure keeps the CCP intimately involved in governing
260
The main purpose of the IFE (Instituto Federal Electoral) is to
Encourage media coverage of elections
Register citizens to vote
Discourage election monitoring by opposition parties
Assure honest and accurate election results
261
China and the Soviet Union both conduct(ed) elite recruitment through
Five year plans
Direct popular elections
The hukuo system
Nomenklatura
262
The political party most associated with Vladimir Putin is (the)
Liberal Democratic Party
United Russia
Communist Party
Yabloko
263
One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is
Executive in pres. system subject to no-confidence vote
Parliamentary system assures no period of divided government
Presidential system has no fixed term of office for exec.
Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature
264
Trade barriers or restrictions on financial transactions imposed on a country are called
Tariffs
Parastatals
Structural adjustment policies
Sanctions
265
The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflict in Nigeria are
Islam and Christianity
Islam and Judaism
Christianity and Baha'i
Hinduism and Christianity
266
Which of the following countries have economies that are heavily dependent on oil?
Russian, Britain, Mexico
Nigeria, Iran, Mexico
China, Nigeria, Iran
China, Russia, Nigeria
267
How is the relationship between China and Hong Kong described?
Two countries, two systems
Two countries, one system
One country, one system
One country, two systems
268
Unlike most advanced democracies, the United Kingdom does not have a
Parliamentary system
Written constitution
Plurality electoral system
Head of state
269
The European Council is made up of
Ministers of State
Specially elected representatives from individual countries
Heads of State
Parliament members
270
The process of expanding the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Globalization
Economic liberalization
Dependency theory
Structural adjustment
271
Which of the following pairs of parties are generally regarded as parties of the left?
PRI in Mexico and United Russia
Green Party in the UK and PRI in Mexico
CCP and PAN in Mexico
PRD in Mexico and Labour Party in the UK
272
Which of the following is true of the Mexican Constitution?
It declares all subsoil rights are property of the nation
It provides for broad involvement from the Catholic Church
It establishes autonomous regions for native peoples
It eliminates quotas for female legislators
273
Which of the following countries has the most homogeneous populations?
China
Iran
Mexico
Russia
274
In communist societies, nomenklatura is a process followed for
Trade with foreign nations
Recruitment of elites into important positions
Military intervention
Allocation of economic goods
275
In China, Mexico, and Nigeria, patron-clientalism has almost always been accompanied by
Fragmentation of government
Corruption
Coalition governments
Religious conflict
276
People of which of the following faiths do not have reserved seats in the Majlis?
Baha'i
Zoroastrianism
Christianity
Judaism
277
One similarity between the PMs of Great Britain and Russia is that both
May be removed by a vote of no confidence in the lower house
Are the head of the head of the majority in the lower house
Have the ability to dissolve their legislatures
Must be directly elected by a majority vote
278
If the Duma rejects a president PM appointee three times
The president must select a different PM candidate
The Duma appoints the PM
The president may dissolve the Duma
The Constitutional Court determines the PM
279
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?
CCP leadership is elected in open elections
CCP encourages couples to have several children
CCP is responsive to the needs of ethnic minorities
CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy
280
One important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the
Legalizing meaningful competition among political parties
Encouraging more foreign investment in the national economy
Banning of military participation in official policy-making
Elimination of private enterprise
281
Which government programs in 20th century China were most inspired by the Soviet Union?
Great Leap Forward
Deng Xiaoping Theory
Cultural Revolution
Five Year Plans
282
The stated goal of the Communist party of Russia was
Equality of opportunity
Equality of output
Equality among Communist party members
Equality of results
283
A state that gains a significant portion of its revenue by leasing resources to foreign nations
Corporatism
Command economy
Rentier state
Cooptation
284
All of the following statements about the National People's Congress are true except
It is a significant policy-making institution
Minority groups are guaranteed some representation
Representation is chosen on a geographical basis
It represents people from all levels of society
285
Bonyads in Iran are most similar to what kind of organization in the U.K.?
The House of Commons
QUANGOs
Nomenklatura
The Scottish National Party
286
How did revolutions in Russia and China compare?
China's was more rapid
In both, Marxism defined the end goal
Both resulted in democratization
Russia's was more factionalized than China's
287
The political party most associated with Vladimir Zhirinovsky is (the)
United Russia
Communist Party
Liberal Democratic Party
Yabloko
288
Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?
They provide support to the nation's leaders
They run the government
They provide vital social services
They provide political stability
289
During recent elections, which region has been most reliably supportive of PRD candidates?
The Yucatan peninsula
Southern Mexico
Mexico City
Northern Mexico
290
The social cleavage that most influenced the organization of Russia into the "federation" was
Religion
Social class
Rural/urban differences
Nationality