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bio chapter 1-3 Flashcards | StudBud
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bio chapter 1-3
bio chapter 1-3
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1
What is the watery liquid surrounding the organelles in the cell?
Cytosol
Aqua vita
Aqueous medium
Cytoplasm
2
Which of the following actions would qualify a study as pseudoscience?
Reliance on assumptions or beliefs that are not testable
Open to outside review
Repeatable results
Multiple lines of evidence
3
The atomic number of an element corresponds to the number of ________ .
neutrons
protons
electrons
4
When you construct a graph, the x-axis is usually ________ and the y-axis is usually ________.
perpendicular; diagonal
diagonal; perpendicular
horizontal; vertical
vertical; horizontal
5
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function is a(n) ________.
organ system
organelle
organ
tissue
6
An atom that has a charge is called?
An ion
A proton
An electron
An isotope
7
Which component of a chemical reaction speeds up the reaction but is not changed by the reaction?
Enzyme
Product
Reactant
Substrate
8
What type of bond is responsible for surface tension?
Covalent
Hydrogen
Ionic
9
An ion composed of 11 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons would have what charge?
0
10
+1
-1
10
Which of the following is correctly ordered from simplest to most complex?
Organ, organelle, cell, organism, organ system, tissue
Organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Cell, organelle, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
Cell, organ, organism, organelle, tissue, organ system
11
Organelles made up of a series of membrane sacs that organize and package proteins for transport are called the
rough ER
smooth ER
Golgi apparatus
mitochondria
12
In the equation for photosynthesis: 6 H
2
O + 6 CO
2
-> C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
which of the following is a reactant?
H2O
6O2
C6H12O6
13
If all of the slices of a pie chart are added up, what would be the total?
You can’t add percentages.
0 percent
100 percent
Between 0 percent and 100 percent
14
Eukaryotic DNA is located in the ________, and its message reaches the ribosome by passing through the ________.
nucleus; vesicles
cell membrane; nuclear pores
nucleus; nuclear pores
cytoplasm; vesicles
15
What is it called when carrier molecules are used to move molecules down a concentration gradient?
Simple diffusion
Co-transport
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport
16
Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions are called ________.
compounds
elements
polymers
atoms
17
________ cells are larger and evolved after ________ cells.
Prokaryotic; unikaryotic
Prokaryotic; eukaryotic
Eukaryotic; prokaryotic
Unikaryotic; eurkaryotic
18
What is the scientific name for fruit sugar?
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Fructose
19
What is a concentration gradient?
The number of molecules within a cell
A way of measuring depth perception
A type of protein used to bring material into the cell
A difference in the density of substances from one location to another
20
Which of the following correctly lists the characteristics that qualify something as alive?
Uses energy, is multicellular, is organized, and is able to reproduce
uses energy, multicellular, reproduces, and responds to environment
uses energy, has cells, reproduces, and responds to enviroment
21
A long extension that can propel a cell through a liquid medium is known as ________.
vacuole
a vesicle
cilia
a flagellum
22
What type of solution has a pH of 10?
An acidic solution
A neutral solution
A basic solution
23
type of source
primary; secondary
reliable; pseudoscience
pseudoscience; reliable
secondary; primary
24
What intracellular structure helps animal cells to maintain their shape?
The cell wall
The nucleus
The cytoskeleton
The endoplasmic reticulum
25
The phosphate head of the phospholipid is ________, whereas the fatty acid tails are ________
hydrogenated; hydroxylated
hydrophilic; hydrophobic
hydroxylated; hydrogenated
hydrophobic; hydrophilic
26
What materials are required for photosynthesis?
Water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen
Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and sunlight
Water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight
27
What type of cell has membrane-bound organelles, can be unicellular or multicellular, and is structurally complex?
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Unikaryote
28
The specialized area of an enzyme where substrates bind is called the ________.
active site
inhibitor
membrane
ligand
29
Why is the fluid-mosaic model ultimately the best depiction of the cell membrane
B
C
D
A
30
What is the defining element found in organic compounds?
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphate
Oxygen
31
What area in the nucleus is responsible for assembling ribosomal RNA in eukaryotic cells?
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleolus
Nuclear pore
32
Proteins are composed of ________.
steroids
amino acids
monosaccharides
phospholipids
33
Molecules with the same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the arrangement of the atoms are known as ________.
isomers
disaccharides
functional groups
substrates
34
Which organelles are small bubbles of membrane that transport materials throughout the cell?
Vesicles
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuoles
35
graph
pie chart
line graph
bar graph
36
The DNA in prokaryotic cells is ________
not contained in any subcellular structure
contained in the mitochondria
contained in the rough ER
contained in the nucleus
37
What happens to the pH of the ocean when carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere?
It decreases
It stays the same
It increases
38
Which of the following is a site for lipid synthesis?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosomes
Nucleus
39
Elements that are essential to life but are only required in miniscule amounts are called?
Primary elements
Fractional elements
Trace elements
Elemental elements
40
A ________ proposes an explanation for an observation.
hypothesis
theory
conclusion
theorem
41
What is considered the fundamental unit of matter?
The cell
The atom
The electron
The molecule
42
Many monosaccharides bonded together forms a ________.
simple sugar
polysaccharide
disaccharide
43
Which chemical releases H
+
when dissolved in water?
An acid
A base
A hormone
44
What does pH measure in a solution?
The concentration of hydrogen atoms
Concentration of hydroxide ions
The number of hydrogen bonds
Concentration of hydrogen ions
45
What is the advantage of using a chart or graph rather than a table?
A
B
C
46
A virus is not classified as alive, because ________.
it does not evolve
it does not display order
it cannot reproduce on its own
it does not respond to the environment
47
Can you prove a hypothesis?
Yes, and then it is called a theory.
Yes, if it is not refuted, then it is proven.
No, a hypothesis can be supported but not proven.
48
independent and dependent
calories is dependent, weight loss is independent
Weight loss depends on the calories consumed by participants
Both are independent variables.
Both are dependent variables.3
49
What type of fat contains an unusual bond that does not occur naturally?
Phospholipid
Saturated fat
Trans fat
Unsaturated fat
50
What is the unifying theme of biology?
Structure and function are related
DNA -> RNA -> protein
The theory of evolution by natural selection
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
51
Dietary fiber is composed of ________.
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
steroids
52
Living cells are made up primarily of four elements. Select the choice that correctly lists all four.
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and calcium
Carbon, calcium, oxygen, and sodium
Carbon, calcium, oxygen, and hydrogen
53
________ cells contain plasmids, ________ cells do not.
Eukaryotic; prokaryotic
Prokaryotic; unikaryotic
Prokaryotic; eukaryotic
Unikaryotic; eukaryotic
54
What type of graph or chart would use error bars?
A bar graph
A line graph
A scatter plot
A pie chart
55
The presence of ________, will minimize changes in pH
water
acids
buffers
bases
56
.
cytocytosis
endocytosis
exocytosis
57
When the cell’s DNA is condensed, it is called _ and it consists of most of the cell’s DNA and some specialized proteins
cytochromes
chromosomes
chromatic
chromatin
58
All prokaryotes have which of the following in common?
Lack a true nucleus
They have a true nucleus
They have membrane-bound organelles
They are multicellular
59
What type of reaction breaks polymers into their monomer subunits?
Hydrolysis
Synthesis
Dehydration synthesis
60
The x-axis usually represents the ________ and the y-axis usually represents the ________.
reaction; action
action; reaction
false dependent variable; independent variable
independent variable; dependent variable
61
What is a placebo?
A known substance used as a control in an experiment.
A substance mimicking a drug’s action to serve as a control.
A substance that has no effect but is used in a controlled experiment
62
Anything that occupies space and has mass is collectively known as
Solids
Molecules
Gasses
Matter
63
What is the structural difference between rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and smooth ER?
Smooth ER has a lipid membrane but rough ER does not.
Rough ER has ribosomes but smooth ER does not.
Smooth ER has DNA but rough ER does not.
Rough ER is found within the nucleus and smooth ER is in the cytoplasm.
64
Which polysaccharide is the primary component of plant cell walls?
Chitin
Glycogen
Cellulose
Sucrose
65
Biology is the study of ________.
cells
animals
life
order
66
The ________ variable causes a change in the ________ variable.
dependent; independent
action; reaction
reaction; action
independent; dependent
67
The nucleus of an atom contains ________.
electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons
electrons and protons
electrons only
68
What are the organelles of photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Chromosomes
Micelles
Mitochondria
69
Which of the following chemical bonds result from the unequal sharing of electrons between two or more atoms?
Ionic
Hydrogen
Polar covalent
Nonpolar covalent
70
The information contained in RNA is used to produce proteins in the process of ________.
transcription
translation
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
71
What occurs in the nucleus and results in the production of RNA from DNA?
Translation
Transformation
Transduction
Transcription
72
What is the purpose of including a key in a line graph?
The key explains the overall results of the graph.
The key explains why the researcher chose to do that experiment.
The key explains what each line represents.
The key explains how the experiment was designed.
73
How is a community different from a population?
C
D
B
A
74
The fundamental unit of life is the ________.
molecule
atom
electron
cell
75
What is the primary purpose of conducting a double-blind experiment?
D
B
C
A
