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Final exam Review Earth Science
Final exam Review Earth Science
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#geology #volcanoes #earthquakes
Flashcards
67 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
Earth's mantle is
a layer of molten metal
a dense ball of solid metal
2
How do igneous rocks form?
melting
solidification of magma
3
Heat and pressure deep beneath earth's surface can change rock into?
metamorphic rock
sedimentary rock
4
What is the name of layer 3?
outer core
inner core
5
A mineral is
inorganic
, it means it contains...
compounds
no materials that were once part of living things
6
What is the composition of the mantle?
molten rock
solid rock
7
What is the best label for this diagram?
transform boundary
convergent boundary
8
What is the name of layer 2?
outer core
mantle
9
Most geologists think the movement of earth's plates is caused by
convection currents in the mantle
earth's magnetic field
10
What is an epicenter?
the point of the surface directly above the break in rock
the point beneath the surface where rock breaks
11
The place where two plates come together is known as?
convergent boundary
rift valley
12
The point beneath the earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake
focus
epicenter
13
What is the definition of continental drift?
the hypothesis that continents slowly over earth's surface
the theory: the crust is slowly moving by convection current
14
A place where two plates slip past each other in opposite directions is called?
divergent boundary
transform boundary
15
What is Pangaea?
another for continental drift
the name of the supercontinent
16
Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth's?
mantle
continents
17
What occurs at the diagram of two continental plates colliding?
trench
mountain ranges
18
What is a volcano?
the shaking of the earth's crust
a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface
19
What is a convergent boundary?
a boundary where 2 plates move away from each other
a boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
20
According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift,
the continents were once joined together in one landmass.
earth is slowly cooling and shrinking.
21
Which type of boundary is this?
convergent
divergent
22
What is the definition of geologic time scale?
a record of geologic events & life forms in earth's history
the geologic events and life forms
23
The geological theory that states that pieces of the lithosphere are in constant, slow motion?
subduction
plate tectonics
24
What is the best label for this diagram?
transform boundary
divergent boundary
25
Who developed the theory of plate tectonics?
T Wilson
Wegener
26
What is the best label for this picture?
mercalli scale
seismograph
27
Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called?
fossil
landmass
28
What is the definition of fossil?
an energy-rich substance from remains of organisms
a trace of an organism that has been preserved in rock
29
What is a focus?
the point of the surface above where rock breaks
the point beneath the surface where rock breaks
30
What is a transform boundary?
where 2 plates move past each other in opposite directions
a plate boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
31
Which scientist developed continental drift theory?
T Wilson
Wegener
32
What is the mercalli scale?
measures how much damage was caused by earthquakes
measures how much total energy is produced in earthquakes
33
Using data from seismic waves, we have learned the earth's interior is made up of many?
layers
continents
34
How does sedimentary rock form?
erosion and lithification
melting and solidification
35
Which scale would tell us how much
damage
an earthquake caused?
moment magnitude
richter
mercalli
36
What occurs at the diagram below?
mid ocean ridge
earthquake
37
What is the definition of era?
One of the units of geologic time
One of the 3 long units of time making up a timeline
38
How does sediment form?
erosion
melting
39
Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by
convection currents
radiation
40
What is the hardest known mineral?
talc
diamond
41
Was the theory of continental drift accepted when the scientist was alive?
no
yes
42
What type of earthquake wave can travel through
both
liquids and solids?
P waves
S waves
43
Most geologists rejected Wegeners' hypothesis because?
he could not identify or explain the force involved
he used several ideas of support
44
In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake?
toward the focus
away from the focus
45
The type of seismic waves that arrive first and move like an accordion.
P waves
S waves
46
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of the Earth's layers?
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
47
Which mineral can scratch quartz?
All of the minerals listed
Topaz, corundum and diamond
48
What is the best label for this diagram?
divergent boundary
convergent boundary
49
Compared to P waves, S waves move?
slower
faster
50
What occurs at the diagram?
earthquake
rift valley
51
Which type of evidence was NOT used by Wegener?
evidence from climate
evidence from human remains
52
Earth's inner core is...
a layer of molten metal
a dense ball of solid metal
53
Which plate boundary is this?
convergent
invisible
54
Which state of matter is the inner core?
solid
liquid
55
What does a seismograph record?
the speed of seismic waves
the ground movements caused by seismic waves
56
Which feature is created by this boundary?
rift valley
oceanic trench
57
A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a boundary make a?
rift valley
mountain range
58
The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and into the mantle ?
subduction
conduction
59
What is the definition of plate tectonics?
the hypothesis that continents slowly move over the surface
the theory the crust in moving using convection currents?
60
What is the name of layer 1?
mantle
crust
61
What is the best label for this diagram?
divergent boundary
plate tectonics
62
What is the richter scale?
measures the magnitude or size of seismic waves
measures the total energy released in an earthquake
63
Geologists obtain indirect evidence about the earth's layers by?
directly looking under the many layers
recording and studying seismic waves
64
What is divergent boundary?
a boundary where 2 plates move towards each other
a boundary where 2 plates move away from each other
65
What occurs at the diagram?
mountain ranges
earthquake
66
The color of a mineral's powder is called?
luster
streak
67
Which piece of evidence(s) below supports theory of continental drift?
all of the above
evidence from climate
evidence from fossils
evidence of land features
