What is physical chemistry?

Study of energy and matter in chemical systems

Quantifies the thermal energy of a chemical system

What is the most representative feature of gas?

Particles widely separated and distributed randomly

What does thermodynamics study?

Heat, work and energy in systems

Thermal equilibrium means:

Same temperature, no net heat flow

Measure of energy in a thermodynamic process that cannot do useful work.

Max engine efficiency depends on:

Temperatures of hot/cold reservoirs

Effective collisions require:

Sufficient energy + proper orientation

Kelvin–Planck statement:

No engine can convert all heat from one reservoir into work

Which affect reaction rate?

Temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area, catalysts

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics says:

If A=B and B=C, then A=C (thermal equilibrium)

First Law of Thermodynamics states:

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

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STC_PIA_Team 6

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1
What is physical chemistry?
Study of Rocks
Study of energy and matter in chemical systems
Study of plants
Study of Astronomy
2
Ionic bonds accept or donate and Covalent share the electrons.
False
True
3
What is Enthalpy?
Quantifies the thermal energy of a chemical system
The energy available to perform work within a system.
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic process that cannot do useful work
Characteristic that indicates energy changes within a system.
4
To combat excess of free radicals, we need nutrients known as…
Antioxidants
Proteins
Vitamins
Food
5
What is the mathematical expression of Gay-Lussac’s Law?
T2=15C+273=288K
1X2X3X4X5
P1/T1=P2/T2
G1/M1=G2/M2
6
The Dalton’s Law is also known as Law of Total Pressure.
False
True
7
What is the most representative feature of gas?
Particles widely separated and distributed randomly
Is the less state in general
Solidification is their signature process
They have very united molecules.
8
Second Law introduces:
Enthalpy
Pressure
Temperature
Entropy
9
What does thermodynamics study?
Atomic orbitals
Heat, work and energy in systems
Chemical bonding
Reaction mechanisms
10
Thermal equilibrium means:
Same pressure
Same temperature, no net heat flow
Same entropy
Same volume
11
Carnot cycle has:
Two isobaric + two isochoric
Two isothermal + two adiabatic
Four isentropic
Four isochoric
12
What is Entropy?
Amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance.
Total energy possessed by the particles that comprise the system.
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic process that cannot do useful work.
Quantifies the thermal energy of a chemical system
13
Proteins are classified into two main categories: simple and conjugated.
False
True
14
Appear on the right side of the arrow, represents the substances formed as a result of the reaction
Chemical reaction
Reactants
Chemical equation
Products
15
What is the mathematical expression of Charles’s Law?
LAO=G
P2=760 torr=1 atm
V1/T1=V2/T2
P2=P1XT2/T1
16
Water is the most abundant organic biomolecule.
True
False
17
Catalysts do what?
Consume reactants
Raise activation energy
Lower activation energy
Change equilibrium
18
Formulas, signs, arrows, represent a…
Chemical reaction
Reactants
Chemical equation
Products
19
Chemical change that generates energy which is released and converted into electricity
Electrolytic cell
Spontaneous energy
Non-spontaneous energy
Energy
20
Spontaneity if ΔG is:
=0
<0
>0
any value
21
Number that represent the number of molecules of the chemical compound
Chemical symbols
Subscripts
Chemical formulas
Coefficients
22
Max engine efficiency depends on:
Entropy change
Pressure difference
Temperatures of hot/cold reservoirs
Volume ratio
23
All the following are important scales of temperature except:
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Delisle
Kelvin
24
The electrolyte in the solution has the capacity for ionization
True
False
25
Gibbs free energy G =
H + TS
TS – H
H – TS
U – TS
26
This measures how chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy through an electrode
Chemical structure
Redox potential
Oxidation
Chemical formula
27
Connection between Biology and Chemistry
Metabolic Chemistry
Biochemistry
Biologic chemistry
Biology genetics.
28
Examples of monosaccharides
Fructose
Maltose
Sucrose
Galactose
29
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous are the only two thermodynamics systems based on the state of aggregation
True
False
30
Substance that causes another atom of atoms to oxidize
Chemical equation
Chemical oxidation potential
Reducing agent
Oxidizing agent
31
Enthalpy (H) is:
Heat at constant pressure
Heat at constant volume
Internal energy only
Work done by a system
32
Branch of chemistry that explores the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy and vice versa
Organic chemistry
Electrochemistry
Compound chemistry
Microchemistry
33
Our bodies produce _____ to combat the effects of oxidation.
Antioxidants
Vitamins
Bacterias
Enzymes
34
Effective collisions require:
Low temperature
Sufficient energy + proper orientation
Any contact
Catalysts only
35
Consists of a container with the electrolyte solution
Electrolytic cell
Electrolytic energy
Electrolytic container
Electrolytic chemistry
36
What refers the reaction in which oxygen is combined with another substance?
Reduction
Oxidation
Electron
Balancing
37
During a chemical reaction, the total amount of matter remains constant.
True
False
38
Activation energy is:
Work done
Minimum energy to react
Heat released
Pressure applied
39
Kelvin–Planck statement:
Entropy ↓ in cycles
Heat flows cold→hot
Energy quantized
No engine can convert all heat from one reservoir into work
40
Small numbers located in the lower right corner
Chemical symbols
Coefficients
Chemical formulas
Subscripts
41
The Joule(J) is a unit used to measure energy, work and heat.
False
True
42
What is the mathematical expression of Boyle's Law?
P1/T1 = P2/T2
P1°V1 = P2°V2
C2 = A2+B2-2ab°cos (c)
H-H-C-H
43
Which affect reaction rate?
Temperature, concentration, pressure, surface area, catalysts
Only pressure
Only temperature
Only catalysts
44
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics says:
Energy is conserved
Entropy never decreases
Heat always flows down
If A=B and B=C, then A=C (thermal equilibrium)
45
Helmholtz free energy F =
H – TS
U – TS
U + TS
TS – U
46
First Law of Thermodynamics states:
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
Work is always positive
Heat flows cold→hot
Entropy always increases
47
How many amino acids conform a protein?
20
25
19
23
48
Process in which substances undergo a change in their internal structure, for new chemical species
Chemical reaction
Products
Reactants
Chemical equation
49
Which are not a function of protein?
Structural
Biocatalyst
Vulnerable
Regulatory
50
This stage was the easiest?
False
True
51
Considered a peptide hormone released in body parts that present inflammation; it is related to the causes of pain.
Aspartame
Enkephalin
Bradykinin
52
This increases the rate of chemical reaction of cells.
Polypeptides
Proteins
Enzymes
53
What is the definition of thermodynamics?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Warm-blooded animals in humid climates
Branch of physics that examines the transfer of heat and work
Branch of chemistry that analyzes the behavior of work and electricity
54
Substance that causes another atom of atoms to gain electrons
Chemical oxidation potential
Oxidizing agent
Chemical equation.
Reducing agent
55
Is a specific type of covalent bond that forms between one amino acid's C atom and another amino acid's N atom
Covalent bond
Peptide bond
56
Entropy measures
Volume change
Heat content
Pressure spread
Molecular disorder/energy dispersion
57
Examples of Disaccharides, except
Maltose
Starch
Lactose
Sucrose
58
The basic building blocks of proteins are amino acids.
False
True
59
Requires external source to induce a chemical change
Energy
Electrolytic cell
Spontaneous energy
Non-spontaneous energy
60
What states the State of ideal gases?
Can be described by the equations derived from Boyle’s, Charles’s, etc.
The ratios of the masses of one element form small whole numbers.
An object remains in motion or at rest unless acted upon by a force.
Genes for different traits can segregate during the formation of gametes
61
Are the simplest carbohydrates and do not have the ability to hydrolyze or break down.
Monosaccharides
Polysaccarides
62
What states the Combined Gas Law?
Hereditary information is transmitted only by germ cells, not somatic cells
Conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy and vice versa.
Relationship between P, V, absolute temperature of a fixed amount of gas
63
What is the mathematical expression of Combined gas law?
H---C---OH
P1 X V1/T1=P2 X V2/T2
2H-B3/S
Fe=Cl
64
The oxidation number represents the available electrons that the chemical species can gain or lose
True
False
65
Action of the human body that is a natural process that occurs through breathing.
Dying
Oxidizing
Neutralizing
Reduction
66
Synthetic sweetener, 200 times more sweet than sucrose.
Aspartame
Bradykinin
Enkephalins
67
ΔG° vs. K: ΔG° =
– K/RT
ln K/RT
– RT ln K
RT ln K
68
Real engines are less efficient because of:
Irreversible losses (friction, leaks...)
Zero entropy
Ideal gases
Perfect insulation
69
Collection of biochemical reactions occurring in living cells.
Chemistry
Carbohydration
Biochemistry
Metabolism
70
What does the acronym "CHONPS" mean?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxytocin, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sustrate
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
Calcium, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
71
What is the mathematical expression of State of ideal gases?
PV=nRT
Z1/E2=Z2/E2
PTotal=P1+P2
N= PV/RT
72
Are polypeptides synthesized by the body that help reduce sensitivity to pain by binding to brain cells.
Enkephalins
Bradykinin
Aspartame
73
What is chemical kinetics?
Study of equilibria
Study of reaction rates and mechanisms
Study of acids and bases
Study of solids
74
Clausius statement:
Heat cannot move cold→hot without work
Work is heat
Entropy constant
Heat freely moves cold→hot
75
Molecules or chemical compounds are represented by
Chemical symbols
Subscripts
Coefficients
Chemical formulas
76
What states the Boyle's Law?
Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force.
Volume of a fixed amount of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
Total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures.
Pressure of gas is directly proportional to its temperature.
77
Single bond between the carbon atoms in the chain.
Lipids
Unsaturated fatty acid.
Saturated fatty acid
78
Substances located on left side of the arrow
Chemical equation
Chemical reaction
Products
Reactants
79
Second Law limits engines by:
Requiring heat rejection
Allowing 100% work
Forbidding work output
Fixing pressure
80
Enzyme action models
Key-lock model and Reduced adjustment model.
Key-lock model and Induced adjustment model.
81
What is pressure?
The amount of moles in a container
Gas particles in a container
Quantity of solids in a container
Force exerted by gas particles on the walls of a container
82
Redox reactions are limited to laboratory settings, they can't occur anywhere that a chemical substance are represent
False
True
83
Which is NOT a classification of Biochemistry?
Molecular Biology or molecular genetics.
Metabolic Biochemistry
Biological Metabolic Biochemistry
Structural Biochemistry
84
Carnot efficiency formula η =
1 + Tc/Th
Th/Tc
1 – Tc/Th
Tc/Th
85
Third Law of Thermodynamics:
S→constant minimum at 0 K
H→0 at zero T
U→0 at zero T
G→0 at zero T
86
All the following are thermochemistry processes except:
Oxidation-Reduction
Enthalpy of formation
Hess’s Law
Binding energy
87
What states the Gay-Lussac’s Law?
Pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (V=constant)
System in equilibrium will adjust to counteract any imposed changes.
Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of molecules same temperature
88
The substance that gained oxygen is to be oxygen?
True
False
89
All the following are thermochemistry processes except:
Regnault-Pfaundler method
Calorimetry
Newton’s Law of Cooling
Carnot cycle
90
Are the most abundant biomolecules found in nature.
Proteins
Minerals
Carbohydrates.
Enzymes
91
What states Charles’s law?
Carbon atom from a connects to another carbon atom through an oxygen atom
The volume of a gas, directly proportional to its temperature (constant P)
Each individual has two alleles for each gene.
It is crucial to convert temperatures from other scales to kelvin
92
Explains the relationship between work, heat and the internal energy on a system, this is?
Third law of thermodynamics
Second Law of thermodynamics
First Law of thermodynamics
Stefan-Boltzmann law
93
Chemistry is the study of the structure of atoms and the transformation of matter, the analysis of chemical reactions.
False
True
94
Which is NOT a type of classification of amino acids?
Polar neutral, polar or hydrophilic.
Acromatic
Neutral no polar, apolar, or hydrophobic.
Negatively charged or acidic.
95
Integer that indicates the charge assigned to the chemical species
Oxidation number
Reactant
Oxidation states
Ion compound
96
The following are the thermodynamics systems, except:
Closed system
Open system
Isolated system
Intensive system
97
Which is NOT an example of Functional Group?
Cyclohexane
Methane
Hexane
Thane
98
All the following are SI units for volume, except:
ml (Mililiter)
m3 (Cubic meter)
L (Liter)
P (Pascals)
99
"CHONPS" are the main elements that compose the organic biomolecules.
False
True
100
Chemical elements are represented by:
Chemical symbols
Subscripts
Chemical formulas
Coefficients

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