What is a dependent variable?

The response behaviour or outcome that the researcher wants to explain

What information does a survey aim to collect?

Opinions, Attitudes, Knowledge, Beliefs

Select the different sources of bias

Sample size, Analysis of results, Sample selection

Why would a P value be set low?

Clinical trials where something important is being tested, e.g a new drug

Select all types of bias

Question order, Habituation, The halo effect, Respondent, Confirmation, Sponsor

What does SPIDER stand for?

Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type

What does PICOT stand for?

patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time

Sampling methods in qualitative data

Convenience, Purposeful, Snowball, Theoretical

The researcher being aware of themselves and how they can affect the study

Which two components are included from EBP but aren’t in EIDM

Integration of patients desires, Use of clinical experience in decision making

What is the theoretical focus of quantitative research?

To be deductive and test theory

What is the aim of a survey?

To answer questions about prevalence, distribution & relations of variables

What is an independent variable?

A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied

What is a multiphase MMR design

Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately over a time period

Which of these options is not a benefit of evidence informed decision making

It takes away patient choice in decision making

What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?

To interpret research an apply it to practice

What is a parallel MMR design

Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together and analysed together

When would qualitative research be used

To develop a theory, To help evaluate a practice, To explore a new context or culture, To capture human experiences

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NRS502 Research

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Questions 98

Answers

1
Is a quasi experiment randomised
No
Yes
2
What phrase describes the dispersion of the data around the mean
Mode
Percentage
Range
Standard deviation
3
A quasi- experimental study is used when randomisation is impractical/ unethical
False
True
4
How is data collected in ethnographic research?
Clinical trials
Interviews
Observations
Experiments
5
Transferability is the consideration for how applicable the findings will be to healthcare and will they contribute
False
True
6
What system can not be used for the inputting and exploration of numerical data
Google search
SPSS- statistical package for social sciences
Microsoft access
Excel spreadsheet
7
Which research design does this best describe; scientific experiment with random assignment of participants to groups
Case control study
Cohort Study
Grounded theory
RCT
8
How doesn’t bias occur in surveys
Analysis of findings
Sample selection
Validity
Sample size
9
Which research type is subjective?
Qualitative
Quantitative
10
What is a dependent variable?
Something that the researcher constantly changes
A stimulus that can be manipulated
The response behaviour or outcome that the researcher wants to explain
Something that affects the independent variable
11
What type of variable are the following: temperature, height, weight
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
Continuous
12
Non probability sampling can increase the representativeness of a population
True
False
13
Mixed method research contains both quantitative an qualitative data
False
True
14
What is denoted by H1
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis
15
If findings are generalisable which research does this typically relate to?
Qualitative
Quantitative
16
What subject does ethnography focus on?
Culture
Sequence
Event
17
What information does a survey aim to collect?
Opinions
Attitudes
Knowledge
Beliefs
18
Which research study uses trail arms?
Narrative analysis
Statistical analysis
Cohort study
RCT
19
Inferential statistics are used to determine the statistical significance of any observed differences between groups
False
True
20
Select the different sources of bias
The halo effect
Sample size
Analysis of results
Sample selection
21
Why would a P value be set low?
Clinical trials where something important is being tested, e.g a new drug
To help to collect the data
The sample size is large
22
Which research type uses probability sampling?
Quantitative
Qualitative
23
PICOT question formation is used only in qualitative studies
False
True
24
Internal validity is only relevant in studies considering causal relationships (and is study specific)
False
True
25
Types of quantitative surveys
Spider
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Picot
26
Select all types of bias
Question order
Habituation
The halo effect
Respondent
Confirmation
Sponsor
27
What does SPIDER stand for?
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research questions
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
Systemic review, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Details, Evaluation, Research type
28
What type of variable are the following: dog, cat, human, fruit, bat
Nominal variable
Categorical variable
Ordinal variable
Binary variable
29
Validity is the approximate truth of conclusions
False
True
30
What does PICOT stand for?
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) testing
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
patient, investing, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
parents, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
31
Sampling methods in qualitative data
Convenience
Purposeful
Snowball
Theoretical
32
What is reflexivity?
The limit of data that can be collected
How flexible the researcher is
The addition on new participants during the trial
The researcher being aware of themselves and how they can affect the study
33
External validity is the approximate truth of conclusions that include generalisations
False
True
34
What does grounded theory aim to do?
Test theory
Generate theory from data
35
Which two components are included from EBP but aren’t in EIDM
Integration of patients desires
Involves different research types
Applies research to practice
Use of clinical experience in decision making
36
What is the theoretical focus of quantitative research?
To analyse data
To create a theory
To be deductive and test theory
To be inductive
37
Which research method advances and generates theory?
Quantitative
Qualitative
38
Choose the 2 critical appraisal tools
JBR
CASP
CALP
JBI
39
What is the aim of a survey?
To establish causation
To gain information from a small sample in a population
To answer questions about prevalence, distribution & relations of variables
To develop qualitative data
40
Methods of which research: RCT’S, experiments, surveys, cohort studies, case control, case series
Qualitative
Quantitative
41
What is the symbol used for truncation
*
^
“”
-
42
What is the researchers involvement in quantitative research?
Reflexive
Subjective
Objective
43
Pragmatism is linked to which research type
Mixed methods research
Quantitative
Non of the above
Qualitative
44
What is an independent variable?
A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied
Non of the above
A stimulus or activity that stays the same
Something that can’t be changed by the researcher
45
What is a multiphase MMR design
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately over a time period
Multiphase designs only include one project
Non of the above
46
What is denoted by H0
Null hypothesis
Hypothesis
47
Which of these options is not a benefit of evidence informed decision making
To increase knowledge about the effectiveness of treatments
It can have an economic benefit due to a better use of resources
To support the introduction of new treatments
It takes away patient choice in decision making
48
Rigor is the degree to which research methods enable the researcher to answer the research question
False
True
49
What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?
To analyse and interpret data
To collect and analyse data
To research and collect data
To interpret research an apply it to practice
50
What is a parallel MMR design
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together but analysed seperatley
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately but analysed together
Non of the above
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together and analysed together
51
When would qualitative research be used
To develop a theory
To help evaluate a practice
To explore a new context or culture
To capture human experiences
52
Why is probability sampling used?
To increase representativeness of the sample
To gain a bigger sample size
To allow people from different countries to be involved
To give participants a chance of being selected
53
Positivist and deductive are characteristics of which type of research?
Qualitative
Quantitative
54
Methods of which research: interviews, observations, focus groups, twitter chats, review of documents
Quantitative
Qualitative
55
Which of these are methods of data collection in quantitative research
Surveys
Experiments
Closed question questionnaires
Clinical trials
56
The theory of knowledge, what and how can I know reality?
Ontology
Narrative story telling
Ethnography
Epistemology
57
What is triangulation?
Qualitative data collection only
Increases bias due to an increase of data
The combination of several research methods to study one phenomenon
Quantitative data collection only
58
What is phenomenology
Predicting the future
A third party perspective
Analysis of data
Lived experiences
59
What acronym can be used for critiquing quantitative data
CARP
CALP
CASP
CARE
60
Which of these answers is not a benefit to EIDM
It reduces the need for research nurses
More effective use of resources
Improve information for patients
Lessen the gap between effective research and practice
61
Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist and interpretivist philosophies
True
False
62
Which of the following answers are variables?
Binary variable
Continuous variable
Categorical variable
Ordinal variable
Ratio variable
Nominal variable
63
Which of these is not a Boolean operator?
AND
NOT
OR
AS WELL AS
64
Which of these answers are barriers to EIDM
Inability to access research
Time
Cultural resistance to change
All of the above
65
What type of variable are the following: e.g males or females
Binary
Continuous
Ordinal
Nominal
66
Which research type is SPIDER predominantly used in?
Quantitative
Qualitative
67
Explanatory sequential is..
Quantitative then qualitative
Qualitative then qualitative
68
Which of these are examples of classic types of MMR designs
Multiphase
Parallel
Explanatory sequential
Exploratory sequential
69
What are the limitations of MMR
Time consuming
It can be difficult to mix the research types
Difficult to find a researcher who is skilled in both quali + quanti
70
What type of variable are the following: age, number of pets, number of siblings
Continuous
Ordinal
Categorical
Nominal
71
If findings are ‘transferable’ which research does this typically relate to?
Qualitative
Quantitative
72
What is a benefit of MMR
Research question can be answered more deeply
Results are more meaningful
Creates stronger research
Creates less reliable results
73
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don’t have it and looks back for risk factors?
Cohort study
Thematic analysis
Case control study
Systematic review
74
OR finds more search terms
False
True
75
What is the declaration of Helsinki?
Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
Ethical principles for children only
Ethical principles or humans and animals
76
The study of being, what is reality?
Ontology
Epistemology
Narrative enquiry
Ethnography
77
Non parametric is non normally distributed interval or ratio data ordinal or nominal
False
True
78
Exploratory sequential is..
Qualitative then quantitative
Quantitative then qualitative
79
What does a large P value represent
The data saturation has been reached and trials can stop
Statistically insignificant results
The results are due to luck
Statistically significant results
80
RCT’s, Quasi-experimental, Case control and Cohort study’s are all research designs of what type of research?
Qualitative
Quantatitive
81
What is a positivist paradigm?
Focuses on explanation and prediction
Focuses on generating a theory
82
The study of groups and culture
Ontology
Ethnography
Epistemology
Mixed method research
83
Which research type uses thematic analysis?
Quantitative
Qualitative
84
Which of these is not a good place to find evidence?
CINAHL
Cochrane
BING
Nursing databases
85
A cohort study is a type of research design that follow groups of people over time
True
False
86
What is single blinding?
The researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant is unaware which part of he study they have been allocated
The participant, researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant and researcher are unaware
87
What type of variable are the following: no one thing is higher than the other, ethnicity, diagnosis
Categorical
Nominal
Ratio
Binary
88
Thematic analysis is the analysis of qualitative data including coding, theme finding
True
False
89
What types of questionnaires are used in quantitative research
Closed
Open
90
What are the ethical principles of Beuchamp and Childress
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Non maleficence
91
AND finds more search terms
True
False
92
What is another word for data saturation?
Qualitative saturation
Quantitative saturation
Theoretical saturation
93
What is the researchers involvement in qualitative research?
Objective
Subjective
Reflective
94
What type of variable is designed to rank data e.g the pain score
Ordinal
Nominal
Binary
Ratio
95
Which of the following are examples of descriptive statistics
Range
Percentages
Mean
Age, gender
Mode
Median
96
Parametric data is normally distributed interval or ratio data
False
True
97
Which research design is considered the gold standard
Cohort study
Randomised control trial
Quasi experimental
Case control
98
A variable is a qualified, property, characteristic, thing or situation that can change and very
False
True

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