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AP Biology Final Review
AP Biology Final Review
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AP Biology review (chapters 1-14)
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1
Which of the descriptions is true about unsaturated fatty acids?
lower boiling point
no double bonds
higher rate of combustion than saturated fats
more rigid at room temperature
2
Which of the following statements is true about energy pathways?
Metabolism is the sum of endergonic and exergonic reactions.
Catabolism is an exergonic process.
Anabolism is equal to catabolism.
Metabolism is the breakdown of organic molecules.
3
Which of the following are joined by a centromere and are present after interphase?
sister chromatids
homologous chromosomes
cell plates
kinetochores
4
The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best described by the____ model.
impermeable
fluid-mosaic
electrochemical
sandwich
5
Which is NOT an end product of eukaryotic cellular aerobic respiration?
water
ATP
carbon dioxide
oxygen
6
Cell products are secreted from the cell through
facilitated transport.
exocytosis
cotransport
endocytosis
7
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) differ structurally in that
They are structurally the same. They only differ in function
DNA is single-stranded, and RNA is double-stranded.
DNA contains deoxyribose, and RNA does not.
DNA contains uracil.
8
The coastal climate is moderated by water. Which property is primarily responsible for this?
Water has a high surface tension
Water is adhesive
Water is cohesive
Water resists changes of state
9
The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?
Quaternary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Primary structure
10
Which statement explains a possible adaptation of the plasma membrane to cold climates?
the number of aquaporins is reduced
the amount of saturated fats in the lipid tails increases
phospholipids reverse their orientation in the membrane
an increased amount of cholesterol molecules
11
Apoptosis refers to cell death and
can be programmed and is essential to normal development.
is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
12
Based on the data in the table, which structure in the human body is most alkaline?
Blood
Cytoplasm
Stomach
Intestine
13
A major difference during cell division between plants and animals is
centriole formation in plant cells.
the fusing of vesicles to form a cell wall in plants.
presence of asters during spindle formation in animal cells.
the cell plate in animals and a cleavage furrow in plants.
14
Which of the following is true about enzymatic reactions?
Enzymes that are denatured cannot be renatured.
Enzymes are unaffected by pH and temperature changes.
Enzymes decrease the rate of reaction.
The activation energy is lowered when an enzyme is added.
15
A cell with numerous mitochondria would do which of the following?
synthesize ample ATP
digest waste products
synthesize proteins
process and package proteins for export
16
One of the most common biological fluids which may be outside of the neutral pH range of 6–8 is
stomach fluids
urine
tears
blood
17
Which of the following is the coenzyme that functions as an electron carrier in photosynthesis?
NAD+
NADP+
FAD
ATP
18
Solar energy is stored in which molecules during photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide
NAD+
glucose
water
19
It is obvious from this table that
longer the half-life, the more energy of particles emitted
energy and half-life are not directly related
radioisotope of the same element emit the same energy amount
longer the half-life, the less energy of particles emitted
20
Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
G1, M, G2, S
G1, G2, M, S
G1, G2, S, M
21
The characteristic way in which atoms of an element react is most related to the
number of neutrons in the nucleus
number of electrons in the innermost shell
size of the nucleus
number of electrons in the outermost shell
22
During the light-dependent reactions,
NADPH+ is broken down into NADP and H.
carbon dioxide is fixed into sugar.
ATP is broken down into ADP and P.
the hydrolysis of water supplies electrons to Photosystem II
23
Which of the following molecules is most commonly used during cellular respiration?
DNA
glucose
triglyceride
cholesterol
24
Ionic bonds involve the
equal sharing of electrons
asymmetric distribution in molecules
transfer of electrons
uneven sharing of electrons
25
The process based on the Greek root words for "sugar" and "splitting" is
fermentation
dialysis
phosphorylation
glycolysis
26
The hemoglobin molecule displays the __________ level of protein structure.
Tertiary
Primary
Quaternary
Secondary
27
An enzyme is generally named by adding _____ to the end of the name of the ______.
"-ase"; cell in which it is found
"-ose"; substrate
"-ase"; substrate
"-ase"; coenzyme
28
An egg white is protein. Which of the following will denature the egg white?
subjecting the protein to ultraviolet light
subjecting the protein to cold temperatures
cooking the egg
dissolving the protein in distilled water
29
If water had a low heat capacity
water in lakes would evaporate on a hot day
ectothermic animals would be more adapted to their env.
water in organisms would heat quickly and cells would burst
temp. changes would require a great deal of energy input
30
Which of the following molecules contains adenine, ribose, and three phosphates?
NADP+
ATP
FAD
NAD+
31
Which organelle would be present in the liver for the detoxification of drugs and alcohol?
mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
32
Which of the following molecules can pass freely through the lipid bilayer?
glucose
CO2
HCO3-
K+
33
Most of the cell cycle is spent in
anaphase
cytokinesis
prophase
interphase
34
The leaves of a plant are reddish. Which wavelengths of light are being absorbed by the plant?
green
yellow
orange
red
35
Why does glycolysis have an energy investment step?
to keep respiration from occurring without oxygen
to insure the correct enzymes have been produced
to use ATP as a competitive inhibitor
overcome the energy of activation for the initial reaction
36
Where does the oxygen come from that is released by plants during photosynthesis?
water
carbon dioxide
ATP
glucose
37
Which of the following is most likely to enhance the activity of an enzyme?
2-4 degree increase in temperature
a synthase
an acid
phosphorylation
38
Glycolysis can be described as a process that
yields 34 ATP molecules through the process of chemiosmosis.
is aerobic and produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
produces O2 as a by-product.
converts glucose to pyruvate.
39
Which of the following is found in plant cells?
tight junctions
desmosomes
plasmodesmata
gap junctions
40
Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is
lost as non-usable heat to the environment.
used to drive an endergonic reaction.
used to drive another exergonic reaction.
used to prevent an endergonic reaction.
41
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells?
Chloroplast
Centrioles
Mitochondria
Large central vacuole
42
Which of the following would be a proposed mechanism by which stomach antacids work?
Antacids are bases and can absorb OH- out of a solution
Antacids contain mostly water so it neutralizes the solution
Antacids are bases and can absorb H+ out of a solution
Antacids dilute the solution, therefore lowering the pH
43
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the properties of water?
Water cools more slowly than other liquids
H bonds in water hold more heat energy than other liquids
H bonds require less energy to break than covalent bonds
H2O surface tension is due to H bonds between its molecules
44
Which carbohydrate is used in the liver for energy storage?
glycerol
glycogen
starch
cellulose
45
The rate of diffusion can be increased by
increasing the temperature
increasing the size of the molecules
decreasing concentration
decreasing pressure
46
A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?
alternating sugar and phosphate groups
simple sugars
nucleotides
amino acids
47
During respiration, the greatest number of ATP molecules are produced during
fermentation.
substrate-level phosphorylation.
glycolysis.
electron transport.
48
Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
glycolysis
fermentation
the citric acid cycle
the electron transport system
49
Organic molecules are those that contain at least
Carbon and Hydrogen
Carbon and Oxygen
Carbon and Nitrogen
Carbon
50
Which of the following best describes the daughter cells that are produced in mitosis?
gametes
somatic
homologous
haploid
