AP World Word Association Review

The Caste System/Rigid class system; Reincarnation/Dharma; Ahimsa

Diverse Geographical features; Diverse cultures - difficult to unify as 1 nation

95 theses; Speaking out about the practice of selling indulgences; Germany

Humanism and Individualism- Questioning spirit; Rebirth of the ideals of classical civs.

Sahara Desert & desertification; Distinct culture from Sub-Saharan culture; 

Early African trading civilizations- salt and gold; Eastern Africa; Cultural diffusion

Social order; Strict - "eye for an eye"; Like other codes of law

Elected leaders; 12 tables of law; Goddess of Justice

Decentralised political system; Powerful Catholic Church; Gothic cathedrals

Arid/Scarcity of locations of water; Cultural Crossroads; Abundance of oil; OPEC

Centralized government; Collapsed in 476 CE; Collapse led to rise of feudalism

Code of Bushido; Rigid social class system; Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai

Cultural diffusion; Trade between Asia & Europe; Spread of Buddhism

Growing trade and dependence among nations; environmental and ecological concerns 

Strategic locations for trade; Bosporous, Dardanelles, Malacca; Constantinople

Preservation of Greek & Roman thought; Capital city:  Important trading center

Practiced in Africa; Similar to Shintoism/Spirits in nature; Traditional African Societies

Japanese Isolation; Forbade contact with foreigners; Ended in 1868

exchange of ideas between different cultures

Northern Africa; Mohammed & the Jihad; 570-800 CE

India & SE Asia; Seasonal winds that bring much needed rain or dry air; Could bring devastation

"Ends justify the means"; Interests of the state and leader are most important; The Prince

Spirits in nature; Practiced in Japan; A form of Animism

Himalayas/Hindu Kush - isolation for most of its history; Monsoons; Abundance of minerals

Environment of the Mongols; Semi-arid and grass land; nomadic people until Genghis Khan

Limit location; Limit travel & trade; Act as barriers

Council of Trent; Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits;Reform Catholic Doctrine

Martin Luther; Protest against the Catholic Church; End of religious unity in Europe

Trading center between Europe & Asia; Istanbul; Ottomans

The Koran; 5 Pillars; Monotheistic

Irregular coastlines; Trade; Development of a navy; Imperialistic

Early African trading civilization- salt and gold; Western Africa; Cultural diffusion: Islam 

Fertile soil; Communication & Transportation; Unify people

Monotheistic; The Torah/Talmud; The Promised Land; Israel

Roman law; Preservation of classical civilization; Byzantine emperor formed it to codify laws

Monotheistic; Roots in Judaism; Jesus Christ/Savior

Advances in science & math; Calligraphy; House of Wisdom

Birthplace of democracy; Questioning spirit and curiosity; Pericles and the Golden Age Athens 

Influence people's culture; affects distribution of population; Water based

Archipelago; Isolation (until 19th century); Lack of natural resources

No natural bays & harbors; Little trade; Africa

Early form of totalitarian government; Militaristic spirit; little culture 

Social and Economic Collapse; Break down of Feudalism; end of the Middle Ages 

Stressed honor & loyalty; Similar to the code of Bushido; Code followed by medieval knights

Reflects or tells us something about that culture; Reflects a society's technology

Natural boundaries; Isolation; Ethnocentrism; Middle Kingdom

Permanent settlements; Farming; Domestication

Along river valleys; Nile, Indus, Huang-He; Egyptian Civilization, Mesopotamia

Rigid social class system; Need for stability, security, & order

Similar to the European theory of divine right; Believed authority to rule came from God

Siddhartha Gautama; Reincarnation/Nirvana; 4 Noble Truths

Improve communication; improve travel & trade; Bring unity

Abundance of minerals & resources; European interest through imperialism; Diverse features

Historically driven by its need for access to warm water ports; Peter & Catherine the Great

Positive result or effect- increased trade between Asia and Europe; reclaim the Holy Land.

Spread from Asia to Eastern Europe; Tributes and taxes given to Khans; Isolated Russia

Seeks social order harmony & stability; the 5 relationships; Filial piety; Analects