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NRS502 Research
NRS502 Research
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Answers
1
What is a dependent variable?
A stimulus that can be manipulated
The response behaviour or outcome that the researcher wants to explain
Something that affects the independent variable
Something that the researcher constantly changes
2
Positivist and deductive are characteristics of which type of research?
Qualitative
Quantitative
3
RCT’s, Quasi-experimental, Case control and Cohort study’s are all research designs of what type of research?
Quantatitive
Qualitative
4
What is single blinding?
The researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant, researcher and data analyst are unaware
The participant is unaware which part of he study they have been allocated
The participant and researcher are unaware
5
What is a parallel MMR design
Non of the above
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together and analysed together
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together but analysed seperatley
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately but analysed together
6
Select the different sources of bias
Sample size
Sample selection
Analysis of results
The halo effect
7
What is denoted by H0
Null hypothesis
Hypothesis
8
External validity is the approximate truth of conclusions that include generalisations
False
True
9
What does SPIDER stand for?
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Details, Evaluation, Research type
Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research questions
Systemic review, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type
10
What is denoted by H1
Null hypothesis
Hypothesis
11
What acronym can be used for critiquing quantitative data
CASP
CARE
CARP
CALP
12
What does appraisal and implementation mean in research?
To research and collect data
To interpret research an apply it to practice
To analyse and interpret data
To collect and analyse data
13
Mixed method research contains both quantitative an qualitative data
True
False
14
Pragmatism involves the merging of positivist and interpretivist philosophies
True
False
15
Which research design does this best describe; scientific experiment with random assignment of participants to groups
Grounded theory
RCT
Case control study
Cohort Study
16
Which of these are methods of data collection in quantitative research
Experiments
Surveys
Clinical trials
Closed question questionnaires
17
AND finds more search terms
True
False
18
Rigor is the degree to which research methods enable the researcher to answer the research question
False
True
19
Inferential statistics are used to determine the statistical significance of any observed differences between groups
True
False
20
What phrase describes the dispersion of the data around the mean
Standard deviation
Mode
Range
Percentage
21
How doesn’t bias occur in surveys
Validity
Sample selection
Analysis of findings
Sample size
22
What is another word for data saturation?
Qualitative saturation
Quantitative saturation
Theoretical saturation
23
What is an independent variable?
A stimulus or activity that stays the same
A stimulus or activity that can be manipulated or varied
Non of the above
Something that can’t be changed by the researcher
24
How is data collected in ethnographic research?
Interviews
Clinical trials
Experiments
Observations
25
What type of variable are the following: age, number of pets, number of siblings
Categorical
Continuous
Ordinal
Nominal
26
Types of quantitative surveys
Spider
Cross sectional
Longitudinal
Picot
27
What is the theoretical focus of quantitative research?
To create a theory
To analyse data
To be inductive
To be deductive and test theory
28
What does grounded theory aim to do?
Generate theory from data
Test theory
29
What system can not be used for the inputting and exploration of numerical data
SPSS- statistical package for social sciences
Excel spreadsheet
Microsoft access
Google search
30
What is the symbol used for truncation
“”
-
*
^
31
Which research method advances and generates theory?
Quantitative
Qualitative
32
Which of these are examples of classic types of MMR designs
Parallel
Exploratory sequential
Multiphase
Explanatory sequential
33
Which of the following answers are variables?
Continuous variable
Ratio variable
Ordinal variable
Nominal variable
Categorical variable
Binary variable
34
What is a positivist paradigm?
Focuses on generating a theory
Focuses on explanation and prediction
35
Is a quasi experiment randomised
Yes
No
36
What is triangulation?
Increases bias due to an increase of data
Qualitative data collection only
Quantitative data collection only
The combination of several research methods to study one phenomenon
37
The study of being, what is reality?
Narrative enquiry
Ethnography
Epistemology
Ontology
38
What does a large P value represent
The data saturation has been reached and trials can stop
Statistically significant results
Statistically insignificant results
The results are due to luck
39
A cohort study is a type of research design that follow groups of people over time
False
True
40
The study of groups and culture
Mixed method research
Ethnography
Epistemology
Ontology
41
If findings are ‘transferable’ which research does this typically relate to?
Quantitative
Qualitative
42
A quasi- experimental study is used when randomisation is impractical/ unethical
False
True
43
Which research type is SPIDER predominantly used in?
Qualitative
Quantitative
44
Which research design compares patients with a disease to patients who don’t have it and looks back for risk factors?
Systematic review
Thematic analysis
Case control study
Cohort study
45
What are the limitations of MMR
It can be difficult to mix the research types
Difficult to find a researcher who is skilled in both quali + quanti
Time consuming
46
Which research type uses probability sampling?
Quantitative
Qualitative
47
What is the declaration of Helsinki?
Ethical principles or humans and animals
Ethical principles for children only
Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
48
Exploratory sequential is..
Qualitative then quantitative
Quantitative then qualitative
49
Choose the 2 critical appraisal tools
CASP
JBI
CALP
JBR
50
Why would a P value be set low?
Clinical trials where something important is being tested, e.g a new drug
To help to collect the data
The sample size is large
51
Non parametric is non normally distributed interval or ratio data ordinal or nominal
False
True
52
What type of variable are the following: temperature, height, weight
Continuous
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
53
Methods of which research: interviews, observations, focus groups, twitter chats, review of documents
Qualitative
Quantitative
54
The theory of knowledge, what and how can I know reality?
Narrative story telling
Ethnography
Ontology
Epistemology
55
Parametric data is normally distributed interval or ratio data
True
False
56
Transferability is the consideration for how applicable the findings will be to healthcare and will they contribute
False
True
57
Which two components are included from EBP but aren’t in EIDM
Involves different research types
Integration of patients desires
Use of clinical experience in decision making
Applies research to practice
58
Why is probability sampling used?
To gain a bigger sample size
To allow people from different countries to be involved
To give participants a chance of being selected
To increase representativeness of the sample
59
Which of these answers is not a benefit to EIDM
More effective use of resources
It reduces the need for research nurses
Lessen the gap between effective research and practice
Improve information for patients
60
Which of these options is not a benefit of evidence informed decision making
To support the introduction of new treatments
To increase knowledge about the effectiveness of treatments
It takes away patient choice in decision making
It can have an economic benefit due to a better use of resources
61
Which of the following are examples of descriptive statistics
Age, gender
Range
Mean
Mode
Percentages
Median
62
What is the researchers involvement in quantitative research?
Reflexive
Objective
Subjective
63
What type of variable are the following: no one thing is higher than the other, ethnicity, diagnosis
Categorical
Ratio
Nominal
Binary
64
When would qualitative research be used
To capture human experiences
To explore a new context or culture
To help evaluate a practice
To develop a theory
65
What are the ethical principles of Beuchamp and Childress
Autonomy
Justice
Non maleficence
Beneficence
66
Internal validity is only relevant in studies considering causal relationships (and is study specific)
False
True
67
What type of variable is designed to rank data e.g the pain score
Ordinal
Binary
Nominal
Ratio
68
Explanatory sequential is..
Quantitative then qualitative
Qualitative then qualitative
69
What is the aim of a survey?
To develop qualitative data
To gain information from a small sample in a population
To answer questions about prevalence, distribution & relations of variables
To establish causation
70
If findings are generalisable which research does this typically relate to?
Quantitative
Qualitative
71
What is the researchers involvement in qualitative research?
Subjective
Objective
Reflective
72
What type of variable are the following: dog, cat, human, fruit, bat
Nominal variable
Categorical variable
Binary variable
Ordinal variable
73
Which research design is considered the gold standard
Randomised control trial
Quasi experimental
Case control
Cohort study
74
What is phenomenology
Lived experiences
Analysis of data
A third party perspective
Predicting the future
75
Which of these is not a Boolean operator?
NOT
OR
AS WELL AS
AND
76
Pragmatism is linked to which research type
Non of the above
Qualitative
Quantitative
Mixed methods research
77
PICOT question formation is used only in qualitative studies
True
False
78
Which research type uses thematic analysis?
Quantitative
Qualitative
79
What types of questionnaires are used in quantitative research
Open
Closed
80
OR finds more search terms
True
False
81
What is a benefit of MMR
Creates less reliable results
Results are more meaningful
Research question can be answered more deeply
Creates stronger research
82
Thematic analysis is the analysis of qualitative data including coding, theme finding
True
False
83
Which of these answers are barriers to EIDM
Time
Inability to access research
All of the above
Cultural resistance to change
84
What subject does ethnography focus on?
Event
Sequence
Culture
85
What information does a survey aim to collect?
Attitudes
Beliefs
Opinions
Knowledge
86
Select all types of bias
Question order
Respondent
Confirmation
Sponsor
Habituation
The halo effect
87
Methods of which research: RCT’S, experiments, surveys, cohort studies, case control, case series
Qualitative
Quantitative
88
Sampling methods in qualitative data
Theoretical
Purposeful
Convenience
Snowball
89
Which research study uses trail arms?
Narrative analysis
RCT
Statistical analysis
Cohort study
90
What is reflexivity?
The researcher being aware of themselves and how they can affect the study
The limit of data that can be collected
The addition on new participants during the trial
How flexible the researcher is
91
Which of these is not a good place to find evidence?
Nursing databases
BING
Cochrane
CINAHL
92
What is a multiphase MMR design
Non of the above
Multiphase designs only include one project
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran separately over a time period
Qualitative + quantitative studies are ran together
93
What type of variable are the following: e.g males or females
Ordinal
Binary
Continuous
Nominal
94
Which research type is subjective?
Quantitative
Qualitative
95
A variable is a qualified, property, characteristic, thing or situation that can change and very
True
False
96
Non probability sampling can increase the representativeness of a population
True
False
97
What does PICOT stand for?
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
patient, investing, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
parents, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) time
patient, intervention, comparison, outcome and (sometimes) testing
98
Validity is the approximate truth of conclusions
True
False
