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AP Psych Unit 5 Cognition & Intelligence Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psych Unit 5 Cognition & Intelligence Review
AP Psych Unit 5 Cognition & Intelligence Review
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AP Psychology (Myers) Unit 7 - Cognition Unit 11- Intelligence
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1
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how readily we remember instances of it happening
framing effect.
confirmation bias.
availability heuristic.
representativeness heuristic.
2
The process of encoding refers to...
the persistence of learning over time.
getting information into memory.
the motivated forgetting of painful memories.
the recall of information previously learned.
3
Which type of memory has an essentially unlimited capacity?
iconic memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
echoic memory
4
The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called...
a heuristic.
a fixation.
confirmation bias.
the framing effect.
5
Immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly _______ bits of information.
7
3
24
12
6
The tendency to search for information consistent with our preconceptions is called...
confirmation bias.
functional fixedness.
the representativeness heuristic.
the availability heuristic.
7
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently...
heuristics.
semantics.
algorithms.
prototypes.
8
Taking the same test twice and getting similar results shows a test has a high degree of
reliability
stability
standardization
validity
9
The connectionist model of memory is based on which of the following?
Neural networks and patterns of activation
Conceptual Hierarchies
Method of loci
Chunking
10
The organization of information into meaningful units is called...
automatic processing.
iconic memory.
the spacing effect.
chunking.
11
Retroactive interference involves the disruption of...
iconic memory.
memory retrieval.
automatic processing.
semantic encoding.
12
Causes of forgetting: Tania studied chem (AM), then math (PM). Now, she's struggling on her chem test, mixn in math info
Ineffective encoding
Retroactive interference
Motivated forgetting
Decay
13
A short visual sensory memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
Iconic memory
echoic memory
14
An algorithm is a...
method of hypothesis testing involving trial and error.
methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.
thinking strategy for making quick, efficient, decisions.
best example of a particular category.
15
Ordering words into sentences is
semantics
phenotypes
syntax
nomenclature
16
Comparing scores to the average test-taker is an example of
standardization
content validity
reliability
factor analysis
17
A mnemonic device is a
test or measure of memory.
memory aid.
technique for automatic processing.
sensory memory.
18
Explicit memory is to long-term memory as iconic memory is to ________ memory.
sensory
short-term
flashbulb
implicit
19
To prevent encoding failure you should...
avoid source amnesia.
engage in effortful processing.
stop long-term potentiation.
limit parallel processing.
20
Remembering the first items on a list is an example of
Mnemonics
Instinctive Drift
The Primacy Effect
The Recency Effect
21
Distributed study yielding better long-term retention than crammed study is known as...
the spacing effect.
the serial position effect.
long-term potentiation.
state-dependent memory.
22
Police interrogators have been trained to ask less suggestive questions to avoid...
proactive interference.
the misinformation effect.
long-term potentiation.
mood-congruent memory.
23
The process of retaining encoded information over time.
Encoding
Storage
Working Memory
Hippocampus
24
"I know 4 history majors that are unemployed. So the probability of getting a job w/ that degree is pretty low." Ex of?
Availability Heuristic
Additive Strategy
Representative Heuristic
Algorithm
25
The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called...
the spacing effect.
proactive interference.
the serial position effect.
retroactive interference.
26
9/11 is an example of a
mood-congruent memory
echoic memory
flashbulb memory
repressed memory
27
You are more likely to remember the items at the beginning and the end of a list because of...
Source Amnesia
Anterograde Amnesia
Repression
Serial Position Effect
28
The percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors is known as
heritability
g factor
crystallized intelligence
nurture
29
Causes of forgetting: Ellen can't recall details on the Comp. of 1850 because she was daydreaming in class.
Ineffective Encoding
Decay
Motivated Forgetting
Retroactive Interference
30
In the words "danced" and "laughed," the "ed" ending is a
syntax
prototype
phoneme
morpheme
31
Rephrasing text material in your own words is an effective way of facilitating...
automatic processing.
proactive interference.
mood-congruent memory.
semantic encoding.
32
Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are
standardized tests
aptitude tests
ability tests
achievement tests
33
The structure of the brain most closely tied to explicit memories
Hippocampus
context effects.
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
34
Thinking short cuts are called
Algorithms
Insights
Fixations
Heuristics
35
A best example of a category of objects, events, or people is called a(n)...
prototype.
heuristic.
algorithm.
concept.
36
Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal level of conscious attention is known as...
long-term potentiation.
state-dependent memory.
automatic processing.
recall.
37
The process of retrieval refers to...
conscious repetition of information to be remembered.
the organization of information into manageable units.
the persistence of learning over time.
getting information out of memory storage.
