Sociology

Shared rules of conduct for specific situations

examples: murder, theft, arson

Norms without moral significance

system of beliefs

optimism about the future & that innovations will allow for a high standard of living

physical objects and rules/skills for their use

Examples: Language, ideas, beliefs, family patterns, work practices, political systems

spreading of cultural traits from one society to another

combination of cultural complexes into interrelated whole

indv. tool, act, belief for a specific situation

view that cultures should be judged by their own standards

rules and materials used in football versus rules materials used in basketball

Group that REJECTS norms, values, & bhvrs of larger society, REPLACING them with their own

long-terms conscious effort to promote or prevent social change

rewards/punishments used to enforce conformity to society's expectations

examples: imprisonment, bad grades, fines

spontaneous expression of approval/disapproval given by an individual or group

process by which a norm becomes a part of an indv's personality, causing conformity to society

Shared beliefs about good/bad, right/wrong

commitment to full development of one's talents, potential, and personality

Norms w/ moral significance attached

use of problem solving to find best solutions; judging technology & people by their efficacy

collection of popular American sports versus collection of popular Egyptian sports

viewing world in terms of right/wrong; helping those less fortunate

Physical objects created by humans; artifacts 

hard work needed for success

Organized & standardized system of written/spoken symbols

Shared products of human groups, including material & non-material products

tendency to view one's culture as superior to other cultures

Group w/ own unique values, norms, and behaviors that exists w/in larger culture

examples: dishonesty, disrespect

examples: smile, standing ovation, pat on the back

Features that all societies have to satisfy their needs but that can vary across societies

example: chewing with mouth open, wearing a baseball cap indoors

(threat of) punishment to enforce conformity

extreme self-centeredness

greeting friends versus greeting your boss

Abstract human creations

Norms that are formalized, written, & enforced by govt

cultural traits that are slow to change

equality of opportunity; freedom to express opinions & choose leaders

Anything representing something else with shared meaning

cluster of interrelated traits

Examples: cars, books, clothing, architecture

adopting borrowed cultural traits

personal freedoms & civil liberties guaranteed by U.S. Constitution