An ecological hot spot is an area where

many habitats and species are at high risk of extinction

Seed bearing plants differ from all other plants in that

gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur

According to the HW principle, genetic equilibrium would be more likely in a pop of mice if

no natural selection takes place

The graph shows the changes in a mosquito population. What caused the changes?

a density-independent limiting factor

What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?

the areas inhabited by a population

Many cacti have large stems and no leaves. What function of leaves is taken on by the stems?

they produce food by photosynthesis

Imported plants and animals in Hawaii have

caused native species to die out

Xylem tissue is important because it

can conduct water over long distances

When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,

population growth begins to slow down

Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?

Species make up populations, which make up communities

What is species diversity?

measures the number of species in the biosphere

Four types of animal tissue are

nervous, epithelial, muscle, and connective

Many freshwater invertebrate eliminate ammonia by

simple diffusion across the skin

One property that makes DDT hazardous over the long run is that DDT is

subject to biological magnification

One of the three main functions of stems is to

carry water and nutrients between roots and leaves

One advantage to being an ectotherm is that an ectotherm

needs less energy to maintain homeostasis

Which of the following defines the members of a species?

they mate and produce offspring

What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?

adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

How is weather different from an area's climate?

weather is day-to-day conditions and climate is average cond

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Answers

1
Mineral nutrients from the soil move into roots by
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
root pressure
2
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
18 ATP molecules
4 ATP molecules
36 ATP molecules
2 ATP molecules
3
Homeostasis is a
response to a stimulus
phyum of invertebrates
stable internal environment
step in embryological development
4
An ecological hot spot is an area where
habitats and species show a high amount of biodiversity
hunting is encouraged
species diversity is too high
many habitats and species are at high risk of extinction
5
Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle
fermentation
electron transport
glycolysis
6
Seed bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
they have a gametophyte generation
they have only xylem and no phloem
they have true roots, stems, and leaves
gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur
7
According to the HW principle, genetic equilibrium would be more likely in a pop of mice if
there is frequent movement into and out of the population
the population size rapdily decreases
mutation rates within the population rise
no natural selection takes place
8
The graph shows the changes in a mosquito population. What caused the changes?
an increase in predation
a reduction in resources
a density-dependent limiting factor
a density-independent limiting factor
9
If immig and emig remain equal, which is the most important factor to a slowed growth rate
decreased birthrate
constant birthrate
constant death rate
increased birthrate
10
The attraction of water molecules to other kinds of molecules is called
transpirational pull
adhesion
capillary action
cohesion
11
External fertilization in chordates
does not occur
must take place on land
can take place in water or on land
must take place in water
12
What might a thin tree ring indicate?
xylem production in winter
increased production of xylem
decreased production of phloem
a year of drought
13
What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?
the areas inhabited by a population
the deaths per unit area
the births per unit area
the number that live in an area
14
Many cacti have large stems and no leaves. What function of leaves is taken on by the stems?
they absorb water and nutrients from the soil
they store excess water
they produce food by photosynthesis
they transport materials throughout the plant
15
Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called
ovaries
cones
petals
pollen grains
16
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's
genotype
allele frequency
gene pool
phenotype
17
One measure of the human impact on the biosphere is called
an ecological hotspot
biological magnification
an ecological footprint
biodiversity
18
Imported plants and animals in Hawaii have
increased the native bird species
improved soil fertility
increased crop yields
caused native species to die out
19
The graph shows the growth rate of a bacterial pop. Which describes the growth curve?
demographic
exponential
logistic
limiting
20
Animals have an excretory system that eliminates all wastes except
water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ammonia
21
To assign every organism a universally accepted name is part of this system
cladistics
binomial nomenclature
the three domains
traditional classification
22
Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis?
ATP
glucose
pyruvic acid
NADH
23
Xylem tissue is important because it
carries carbs to all parts of the plant
can conduct water over long distances
carries out photosynthesis
allows water to diffuse from the roots
24
The Australian flying phalanger resembles the America flying squirrel. This is most likely due
to convergent evolution
to coevolution
to gradualism
to adaptive radiation
25
When the exponential phase of a logistic growth curve of a population ceases,
population growth begins to slow down
the size of the population stays the same
population growth begins to speed up
the size of the population drops
26
In most plants, which organs are adpated to capture sunlight for photosynthesis?
roots
leaves
flowers
stems
27
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
communities make up species, which make up populations
populations make up species, which make up communities
species make up communities, which make up populations
Species make up populations, which make up communities
28
What is species diversity?
something that is evaluated only in ecosystems
measures the number of species in the biosphere
measures the number of individuals of a species
not important
29
The allele freq of a gene for red fur color changes from 20% to 30%. What can be said?
the population is not evolving
the population is decreasing
the population is expanding
the population is evolving
30
Four types of animal tissue are
nervous, epithelial, muscle, and connective
muscle, nervous, reproductive, epithelial
epithelial, nervous, excretory, and muscle
connective, muscle, reproductive, nervous
31
The three-domain system recognizes fundamental differences between two grups of
prokaryotes
protists
eukaryotes
multicellular organisms
32
Many freshwater invertebrate eliminate ammonia by
converting it to urea and eliminating it in their urine
simple diffusion across the gill membranes
simple diffusion across the skin
converting it to uric acid & eliminating it with solid waste
33
One advantage of asexual reproduction is that animals can
adapt to environmental change rapidly
increase their numbers rapidly
produce offspring that are genetically identical to parent
increase their genetic diversity rapidlly
34
Which of the following aquatic animals must use lungs to breathe?
clams
sea anemones
dolphin
clownfish
35
Energy is released from ATP when
ATP is exposed to sunlight
a phosphate group is added
adenine bonds to ribose
a phosphate group is removed
36
One property that makes DDT hazardous over the long run is that DDT is
deadly to herbivores
a perfect pesticide
an insecticide
subject to biological magnification
37
One of the three main functions of stems is to
carry out photosynthesis
carry water and nutrients between roots and leaves
store water
store carbohydrates
38
One advantage to being an ectotherm is that an ectotherm
needs less energy to maintain homeostasis
can reduce its body heat by sweating
can generate its own body heat
can survive easily in colder climates
39
Which of the following defines the members of a species?
they are geographically isolated from each other
they mate and produce offspring
they have identical genes
they are temporally isolated from each other
40
Most vertebrates with lungs have which type of circulatory system?
one-pump, double-loop system
two-pump, double-loop system
one-pump, single loop system
two-pump, single loop system
41
The gray-brown haze often found over large cities is called
smog
particulates
greenhouse gases
acid rain
42
What are the 3 kinds of ecological pyramids?
producer, consumer, and decomposer
biotic, abiotic, and nutrient
energy, biomass, and numbers
energy, nutrient, and trophic
43
Primary succession would most likely occur after
a forest fire
farm land is abandoned
a severe storm
a lava flow
44
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called
evolutionary classification
traditional classification
binomial nomenclature
derived characters
45
In fishes, pharyngeal pouches may develop into
gills
lungs
tails
fins
46
If a population grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
deat rate must fall
birthrate may rise
birthrate must fall
death rate may rise
47
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
stroma, grana, and chlorophyll
adenine, thylakoid, and a phosphate group
NADH, NADPH, and FADH2
adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
48
How is weather different from an area's climate?
weather involves temp and precip, climate involves only temp
weather depends on location and climate doesn't
weather doesn't change very much, climate changes many times
weather is day-to-day conditions and climate is average cond
49
The outer covering of a plant consists of
meristematic tissue
ground tissue
vascular tissue
dermal tissue
50
In an animal that is bilaterally symmetrical, which two halves mirror each other?
the left and right sides
the front and the back sides
the anterior end and the front side
the anterior and posterior ends
51
Organisms that must obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms are
multicellular
autotrophic
heterotrophic
eukaryotic
52
Which two biomes have the least precipitation?
boreal forest and temperate woodland and shrubland
tropical rain forest and temperate grassland
tundra and desert
tropical savanna and tropical dry forest
53
Intracellular digestion occurs when food is digested
in the spaces between cells
outside cells in a digestive system
outside the body
inside specialized cells
54
Three sources of genetic variation are
directional, disruptive, & stabilizing selection
single-gene traits, polygenic tratis, & adaptation
sexual repro, lateral gene transfer, & mutations
genotypes, phenotypes, and polygenic traits
55
An example of a human-caused disturbance is
a hurricane
forest-clearing
wildfires
growing lichens
56
Tthe total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
organic mass
trophic mass
energy mass
biomass
57
Each of the following is a density-dependent limiting factor EXCEPT
temperature
disease
competition
crowding
58
Scientists rely on which of the following in order to classify animals?
embryological development patterns & adult body plans
none of the above
embryological development patterns only
adult body plans only
59
Which of the following characteristics is associated only with an endoskeleton?
it grows with the animal
it must be molted in order for the animal to grow
it allows an animal to walk
it offers protection from predators
60
A closed circulatory system is one in which
blood travels through blood vessels and air sacs
blood travels through blood vessels throughout body
blood spreads freely throughout the body's tissues
blood travels through blood vessels into sinuses
61
Earth has three main climate zones because of the difference in latitude and, thus,
prevailing winds
amount of preciption received
distribution of sunlight
ocean currents
62
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy sugars
high-energy sugars and proteins
oxygen and carbon
ATP and oxygen
63
The notochord is responsible for which function in an embryo?
processing nerve signal
processing wastes
respiration
structural support
64
Events like war, starvation, and disease could prevent the growth of human pop was presented by
Charles Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Thomas Malthus
Charles Lyell
65
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells arose from
endosymbiotic eukaryotes that metabolized oxygen
endosymbiotic eukaryotes that were photosynthetic
endosymbiotic prokaryotes that metabolized oxygen
endosymbiotic prokaryotes that were photosynthetic
66
Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
decomposers
all of the above
legumes
bacteria
67
How do most primary producers make their own food?
by changing water into carbon dioxide
by using chemical energy to make carbs
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
by using light energy to make carbs
68
The closing of a plant's stomata will
increase capillary action in the plant's stem
cause wilting
increase transpirational pull
cause less water to be pulled up from the plant's roots
69
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
because of the interactions that shape the ecosystem
because of the competitive exclusion principle
unless the species require different abiotic factors
unless the species require different biotic factors
70
The American toad breeds earlier than the Fowler's toad does. What can be inferred?
They do not interbreed thoughout the spring season
They do not interbreed because of temporal isolation
They do not interbreed because of geographic isolation
American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler's toad
71
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate?
emigration
immigration
demography
death rate
72
How do binomial, or two-part, names compare with early version of scientific names?
they are completely descriptive
they tend to be shorter
they are in English
they tend to be longer
73
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis opposite processes?
photo consumes glucose, cellular resp produces glucose
photo removes O2 from atmosphere, cellular resp puts it back
photo removes CO2 from atmosphere cellular resp puts it back
photosynthesis releases energy, cellular resp stores energy
74
Sea star larvae resemble some primitive vert larvae. This suggests that primitive vertebrates
evolved before sea stars
belong to the same species as sea stars
evolved from sea stars
share a common ancestor with sea stars
75
The various growth phases through which most populations go are represented on
a logistic growth curve
a normal curve
a population curve
an exponential growth curve
76
In bryophytes, which of the following structures is like a root?
stalk
rhizoid
sporophyte
capsule
77
Which letters indicate cells in which a large number of chloroplasts would likely be found?
B and C
G and E
F and G
A and D
78
Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?
genus and kingdom
kindgom and order
domain and phylum
phylum and kingdom
79
Which of the kingdoms in the six-kingdom system of classification was once grouped with plants?
Animalia
Fungi
Protista
Carnivores
80
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
food chain
trophic level
energy path
food pyramid
81
Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
in the ATP
in the stroma
in the thylakoid membrane
in the thylakoid space
82
Fewer than 5% of all animal species have
cell membranes
eukaryotic cells
vertebral columns
a protostome development pattern
83
Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
trees
algae
chemosynthetic bacteria
photosynthetic bacteria
84
One difference between monotremes and other types of mammals is that
monotremes are viviparous
monotremes secrete milk through well-developed nipples
monotremes secrete milk from pores on the surface of the abs
monotremes do not secrete milk
85
When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness the result is
directional selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
not predictable
86
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, a food supply, and a protective covering?
pollen grain
gametophyte
seed
spore
87
A genus is composed of a number of similar
phyla
species
kingdoms
orders
88
A trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a
physical similarity
derived character
taxonomic group
molecular clock
89
Darwin's concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by
his collection of specimens
the work of Charles Lyell
knowledge about the structure of DNA
his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle
90
What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from the graph?
energy consumption has changed more than total emissions
people are traveling more by car, but pollution decreased
less energy is used when people travel farther by car
pollution increases as energy consumption increases
91
Which of the following features evolved first in land plants?
seeds
water-conducting tissue
flowers
seeds enclosed in fruit
92
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
93
Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to
providing humans with food
being preserved as fossils
swimming from S. America to the Galapagos Islands
surviving in the environments in which they lived
94
Which would be least likely to be affected by a density-dependent limiting factors?
a large, dense population
a small, scattered population
a population with a high birthrate
a population with a high immigration rate
95
Those who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. This is due to
lack of competition within the species
possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
possession of adaptations developed through use
choices made by plant and animal breeders
96
In which way are plants in a sunny meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic vent alike
both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food
both produce carbohydrates and oxygen
both produce carbon and hydrogen
both use photosynthesis to make their own food
97
A blastula is
a layer of embryological tissue
a digestive organ
a hollow ball of cells in an embryo
the innermost germ layer
98
What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
ATP, carbon dioxide gas, and NADPH
carbon dioxide gas, oxygen gas, and NADPH
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas
oxygen gas and glucose
99
What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
high-energy sugar
electron carrier
pigment
photosystem
100
What does a cladistic analysis show about organisms?
the relative degrees of relatedness among lineages
all traits of each organism analyzed
the importance of each derived character
the general fitness of the organisms analyzed
101
The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires
alcohol
ATP
NADH
oxygen
102
One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they
are in Latin
can apply to more than one animal
are too long
require the use of a dichotomous key
103
Ammonia is a waste product that must be eliminated by the
excretory system
respiratory system
nervous system
digestive system
104
Kidneys that can conserve water are essential to homeostasis because
some animals drink water
some animals live in dry or salty environments
urea is not soluble in water
none of the above
105
James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that
Earth is several thousand years old
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years
Earth is several million years old
all rocks on Earth contain fossils
106
Plants gather the sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called
pigments
glucose
thylakoids
chloroplasts
107
Demography is the study of
human populations
none of the above
parasitism and disease
modernized countries
108
If CO2 is completely removed from a plants' envt, what would happen to its sugar production?
no sugars will be produced
the same number of sugars will be produced but without CO2
more sugars will be produced
less sugar will be produced at first, but plant will recover
109
Natural selection acts directly on
phenotypes
mutations
genes
alleles
110
Based on adaptations Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he wondered
if finches & tortoises came from the same ancestral species
if species living on diff islands had been the same species
if all birds on the different islands were finches
why all tortoises on the different islands were identical
111
Genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals
stabilizing selection
the Hardy-Weinberg principle
directional selection
the founder effect
112
The two main types of fermentation are called
aerobic and anaerobic
alcoholic and aerobic
lactic acid and anaerobic
alcoholic and lactic acid
113
Which of the following correctly relates an angiosperm structure and what it develops into?
ovule -> fruit
embryo -> fruit
ovary -> fruit
pollen grain -> seed
114
Which of the following conclusion about body temperature can be drawn from this graph?
Birds appear to have lower body temperatures than mammals
Rabbits better at getting rid of excess body heat than cats
Lizard body temp is the same as the temp of its env
Alligator's body temp is slightly lower than the temp in env
115
During primary growth, a stem
increases in length
produces wood
produces flowers
increases in width
116
Biogeochemical cycling ensures that
many nutrients will not reach toxic concentrations
nutrients will be circulated throughout the biosphere
living organisms will not become limited in any one nutrient
human activity will have no effect on elements
117
Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can
reduce the amount of fertile land
cause desertification
cause biological magnification
crowd out native species
118
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as a
pie chart
histogram
bell-shaped curve
scatter plot
119
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed that organisms
belong to species that never change
have an innate tendency to become simpler as time passes
inherit all of the adaptations they display
have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection
120
A tendon is a tough piece of connective tissue that
connects two bones together at a joint
contracts to move bones on either side of a joint
connects muscles to bones
covers the ends of bones to reduce friction
121
Glycolysis requires
oxygen
ATP
NADP+
sunlight
122
Flowering plants that grow, flower, produce seeds, and die in one year are called
perennials
dicots
biennials
annuals
123
Label X points to a
vein
mesophyll cell
stoma
guard cell
124
Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell?
electron transport
Krebs cycle
photosynthesis
glycolysis
125
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
parasitism
mutualism
commensalism
predation
126
If a butterfly touches sugar water with its legs and feeds, but doesn't feed on salt water
use ears behind their legs to distinguish sugar and salt H2O
can distinguis sugar H2O from salt H2O by sight
it cannot tell the difference between sugar and salt H2O
have chemical receptors for taste on their legs
127
When farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
species that are perfect and unchanging
homologous structures
characteristics acquired during the lifetime of the organism
natural variation that are present in a species
128
An organism's niche is
where an organism lives and how it survives
all the physical and biological factors in the environment
range of temps that the organism needs to survive
full description of the place an organism lives
129
The species of finches that Darwin found on different islands varied in this structure.
birds' different shaped beaks
number of eggs in each birds' nest
length of the birds' necks
embryos
130
What shows complex feeding interactions among orgs in a community from producers to decomposers
population
food chain
ecosystem
food web
131
High-energy electrons that move down the ETC ultimately provide the energy needed to
convert CO2 into water molecules
transport water molecules across the membrane
convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules
break down glucose into pyruvic acid molecules
132
Of the following choices, the simplest form of nervous system is a
nerve net
ganglion
nerve cord
brain
133
Sustainable development should
provide for human needs at the expense of the environment
use more natural resources to make goods to meet human needs
put the protection of the environment ahead of human needs
preserve ecosystems while providing for human needs
134
Gases diffuse most efficiently across a
thick, moist, impermeable membrane
thick, moist, selectively permeable membrane
thin, moist, impermeable membrane
thin, moist, selectively permeable membrane
135
The mouth of a protostome begins as a
deuterostome
coelom
blastopore
blastula
136
Something that controls the growth or size of a population is a
growth factor
limiting nutrient
limiting factor
carrying capacity
137
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
photosynthesis
transpiration
burning of fossil fuels
decomposition of plants and animals
138
An example of sustainable resource use is the use of predators and parasites to
pollinate plants
eat unwanted plants
control pest insects
harm natural resources
139
In vertebrates with a double-loop circulation, the loop that passes through the lungs
delivering O2-rich blood to the body
exchanges CO2 for O2 from the air
delivering O2-poor blood to the heart
exchanging O2 for CO2 from the air
140
What makes the inside of the thylakoid membrane become (+) charged during light dependent rxns
carbon dioxide builds up in the stroma
H+ ions are released as water splits
ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP
ATP synthase allows H+ ions to pass through the membrane
141
The ancestors of land plants likely evolved from
mosses that lived in the water
prokaryotes that carried on photosynthesis
an organism similar to green algae
a protist that lived on land
142
Which will reduce competition within a species' population?
fewer individuals
higher population density
fewer resources
higher birthrate
143
The situation in which allele freq in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called
genetic drift
genetic equilibrium
evolution
natural selection
144
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
Krebs cycle -> electron transport -> glycolysis
Krebs cycle -> glycolysis -> electron transport
glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport
glycolysis -> fermentation -> Krebs cycle
145
Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
long-term fluctuations in climate
colonization of surfaces by lichens
another natural disturbance
different animals appearing at each stage

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