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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
Organizational Behavior - Test 2 Review
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1
What is the key component of the MBO?
company mission
company vision
job description
objectives
2
What is merit pay?
It is a pay raise based on past performance.
It is a one-time reward for specific accomplishments.
It is a bonus given to a team based on overall performance.
It is a payment based on the quantity of individual output.
3
What is an effective method for reducing or overcoming communication barriers resulting from gender differences?
seeking clarification of meaning
using frequent metaphors
using face-to-face communication
using more technical terms with precise meanings
4
Which system of appraisal has a grade that depends only on performance with respect to objective criteria?
Objective appraisal
Relative ranking appraisal
Performance-based appraisal
Absolute rating appraisal
5
What does role ambiguity refer to in a workplace context?
Facing contradictory demands at work
Experiencing interpersonal conflict in the workplace
Vagueness in relation to one's responsibilities
Having insufficient time and resources to complete a job
6
What is a potential downside of job specialization?
It makes jobs more complex
It can lead to job boredom and absenteeism
It makes jobs less efficient
It leads to decreased productivity
7
In the Job Characteristics Model, how are the five job characteristics supposed to affect an employee?
They result in three critical psychological states
They result in less feedback
They result in increased job dissatisfaction
They result in higher salary expectations
8
What is the most common reason for employees not making good use of feedback?
They have a low level of agreement with supervisory evaluations
They have been shown to have no relationship to improving job performance
They are experiencing times of stress
They decrease commitment to organizational goals
9
What is information overload?
A state of imbalance when processing demands exceed capacity
A surplus of irrelevant data
A deficit in information processing
Constant exposure to advertisements
10
What is an example of a realistic but aggressive goal?
Increase sales by 200% within a month.
Eliminate all errors within the company.
Increase customer satisfaction ratings by 15% over the next six months.
Develop a new product in a week.
11
What medium is considered high in rich information?
personalized memo
telephone
flyer
electronic mail
12
What is one possible method of dealing with leniency bias in performance appraisals?
Ignoring the bias as it can't be controlled.
Giving all employees the same ratings.
Using relative rankings or suggested distributions.
Reducing the frequency of performance appraisals.
13
What does emotional contagion refer to?
Spreading of rumors in a group
Spreading of physical diseases in a team
Transmission of emotions from a person to an object
Transmission of emotions from one person to another
14
Which statement best exemplifies the stress response sequence?
It increases alertness through improved vision and hearing
It suppresses the immune system
It is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers
It redirects blood to the brain and large muscle groups
15
What is the key to managing job challenges in relation to stress?
Increasing the number of challenges to build resilience
Addressing challenges only in the exhaustion stage
Keeping challenges in activation stage and avoiding the exhaustion stage
Avoiding all challenges
16
Leniency is a problem with appraisals because...
It makes ratings useless for determining raises, bonuses, or promotions
It forces managers to use absolute ratings
It makes it easier for employees to change their behaviour
It makes it more difficult to hire family
17
What is a feature of work that flows according to Csikszentmihalyi?
Competence
Randomness
Boredom
Repetition
18
Which of these is not considered a major workplace stressor according to the American Psychological Association?
Work
Housing
Money
Family conflicts
19
What is job enlargement?
Giving an employee more control over their tasks
Rotating an employee between jobs
Adding more variety to the tasks performed by an employee
Making a job more specialized
20
referring to a person by one adjective reduces the person to that characteristic is an example of ?
euphemism
slur
stereotype
biased language
21
What is the "corporate athlete" approach to stress management?
Ignoring stress until it goes away
Turning distress into eustress by better nutrition, training, and attitudes
Taking medication to lower stress levels
Only working in non-stressful environments
22
You are a supervisor who needs to communicate with several employees about unsatisfactory work. What is the best way?
an e-mail message
a text
a face-to-face meeting
a memo posted on a bulletin board
23
Why might job enrichment sometimes cause dissatisfaction among employees?
They expect shorter working hours
They want more specialized tasks
They prefer job rotation
They may not desire more control over their work
24
What is one key advantage of job rotation?
It increases job monotony
It facilitates the acquisition of new skills
It decreases the skill requirements of a job
It leads to job specialization
25
What is the first step in the Management by Objectives (MBO) process?
Developing an action plan
Periodically reviewing performance and revising goals
Determining team- and department-level goals
Setting companywide goals derived from corporate strategy
26
How is 'Autonomy' defined in the Job Characteristics Model?
Degree of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
Degree to which a person's job affects others
Extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
Degree to which a person learns their effectiveness at work
27
What is Filtering in communication?
removing jargon from the message so that it can be better understood
distortion or withholding of information to manage a person’s reactions
only giving the message to certain people in the organization
changing the message to meet the needs of diverse groups
28
Which of the following refers to having insufficient time and resources to complete a job?
Role conflict
Role overload
Role ambiguity
Role strain
29
What is the role of ACTH in the stress response?
It suppresses the immune system
It decreases heart rate and blood pressure
It prompts the adrenal glands to release cortisol
It activates the parasympathetic nervous system
30
What does scientific management emphasize?
worker training for increased job responsibilities
work simplification
standard-hour wage payment systems
definition of management authority
31
Which of the following is not a consideration of cross cultural negotiation?
Effective Communication
Cultural Differences
The US Position
The Planned Agenda
32
What is cognitive dissonance?
Discomfort caused due to matching emotions and behaviors
Discomfort caused due to mismatch among emotions, attitudes, beliefs, and b
Comfort felt due to aligning beliefs and attitudes
A type of mental illness
33
What is a negative outcome associated with jobs that are highly specialized and repetitive?
Higher turnover rates
Increased motivation
Lower absenteeism
Increased job satisfaction
34
A secretary is given responsibility and signature authority for certain types of correspondence. What has occurred?
The job has been enlarged
The job has been rotated
The job has been horizontally loaded
The job has been enriched
35
What is 'Task Identity' as per the Job Characteristics Model?
Extent to which a job requires different skills
Degree a person is in charge of completing a work from start to finish
Degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
Freedom to decide how to perform tasks
36
What are the two types of appraisal systems?
Performance-based and behavior-based
Quantitative and Qualitative
Absolute rating and relative ranking
Objective and Subjective
37
Which of the following emotions is NOT a part of the six major types of emotions studied in Affective Events Theory?
Fear
Joy
Love
Guilt
38
What is one of the benefits of digital communication?
It is more private
People are more cooperative when communicating with others
It makes it quicker to reach decisions within a group
People with social anxiety can share their thoughts from a safe environment
39
What is distress as referred to by Hans Selye?
The stage of resistance in the General Adaptation Syndrome
Stress that leads to disease
The state of relaxation after a stressful event
Stress that is enjoyable or healing
40
What are the two major categories of "role stress" at work?
role conflict and role overload
role overload and ethical conflict
role ambiguity and role overload
role conflict and role ambiguity
41
What does job specialization entail?
Enlarging the scope of a job
Giving employees more control
Moving employees from job to job
Breaking down jobs into simple components
42
What does Emotional Intelligence involve?
Increasing the gaps between real emotions and the ones required by professi
Measuring one's intellectual capability
Understanding and managing one's own and others' emotions
Manipulating other's emotions for personal gain
43
What best exemplifies appropriate feedback to an employee that will lead to increased job performance?
unrecorded
constructive and specific
one-way
should be provided in written form only
44
What term did Selye use to refer to stress that was enjoyable or healing?
Distress
Eustress
Pleasure
Relaxation
45
Which of the following is NOT a downside of goal setting as discussed in class?
Ethical problems decrease
Single mindedness develops
Adaptability Declines
Learning decreases
46
According to the Job Characteristics Model, which psychological state is the most critical for employee attitudes and be
Experienced meaningfulness
Knowledge of results
Perception of autonomy
Responsibility for the outcomes
47
Which life event is rated highest in stress value on the Holmes-Rahe scale?
Getting married
Death of a spouse
Receiving a ticket for a minor traffic violation
Losing one's job
48
How can liking bias be mitigated in appraisals?
By avoiding any interpersonal relationships at work.
By rating all employees as average.
By promoting only liked employees.
By journaling performance incidents throughout the year.
49
In Job Characteristics Model, what is the importance of 'Autonomy' and 'Feedback' in calculating motivating potential
They have no role in calculating motivating potential
They are less important than other factors
They are equally important as other factors
They are more important than other factors
50
How do stock options work?
Employees earn stocks based on their sales volume.
Companies give stocks to employees as a bonus.
Employees receive a fixed number of company stocks.
Employees purchase company stocks at a pre-determined price.
51
What role does 'Feedback' play in the Job Characteristics Model?
It determines the degree of task significance
It has no role in this model
It contributes to determining the motivating potential of a job
It directly impacts skill variety
52
Which of these is a strategy organizations can use to maintain work-life balance for employees?
Increasing work hours
Banning family-related discussions at work
Flexibility in scheduling
Ignoring employees' family life
53
What is active listening ?
Asking questions to clarify what's being said
Closing eyes, while thinking of pizza
Thinking of a "Comeback"
Looking elsewhere
54
Which job characteristic in the model refers to how much a job affects others' work, health, or well-being?
Skill Variety
Task Significance
Autonomy
Task Identity
55
the main issue in The Case of Radio Shack was ...
the way their website portrayed employees
the way in which they terminated their employees
the way that they spoke to their employees
the way that they provided benefits to employees
56
The three conditions that contribute to goal setting as discussed in your text are:
Feedback, Ability, Goal Commitment
Timeliness, Context, Variety
Achievable, Realistic, Measurable
Persuasion, Satisfaction, Reliability
57
What is the primary goal of piece rate incentives?
To encourage team cooperation.
To give employees a permanent pay raise.
To reward employees based on individual output.
To reward sales employees for sales volume.
58
Which of the following is NOT true about selective perception?
it is usually accurate
it saves time
is the process of filtering what we see and hear for our own needs
it is usually unconscious
59
What may develop when one's attitudes and required job behaviour conflict?
behavioural tendency
cognitive dissonance
affect
attitude consonance
60
Why is leniency problematic in performance appraisals?
It motivates employees excessively.
It is not a problem; leniency is encouraged.
It leads to more accurate ratings.
It makes ratings useless for raises, bonuses, or promotions.
61
What does Emotional Labor refer to?
Physical labor performed under emotional stress
The regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes
Work that involves a lot of emotional interactions
Working in emotionally demanding jobs
62
In the context of a communication message, what does "richness" refer to?
the ability of the medium to evoke meaning
the amount of feeling that is communicated
the amount of data that can be sent via the medium
the number of analyzable elements in the message
63
What is an organizational cost of distress?
performance loss
sabotage
interpersonal conflicts
medical illness
64
A supervisor sends a message to employees in a diverse workgroup. What should sender and receivers be sensitive to?
non-feedback
verbal characteristics of the message
perceptual screens
the informal communication channel
65
Which of these practices can help in reducing employee stress?
Creating a toxic workplace
Unclear expectations
Giving employees autonomy
Increasing workload
66
Why are cultural values and behaviour confusing barriers to communication?
because they are invisible and silent
because culture is not a filter that affects communication
because they are very obvious and visible
because they are shared by a group of people
67
What does the limbic system primarily manage in humans?
Emotions
Language processing
Motor skills
Cognitive functions
68
Which of the following is synonymous with eustress?
productivity
unhealthy stress
healthy stress
performance
69
What are the three steps in which stress affects an individual according to Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
Alarm, fight or flight, and recovery
Fight or flight, resistance, and recovery
Alarm, avoidance, and adaptation
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
70
What is "flow" in the context of stress management?
A method of meditation
A specific exercise routine
The sensation of being overwhelmed by tasks
A state of consciousness where one is totally absorbed in an activity
71
Why is the emotional element of a digital message difficult to assess?
because of the anonymity
because the receiver can't decode the message
because of the lack of nonverbal cues
because of the short length of most messages
72
People who have emotional intelligence...
have better IQ and a higher level of intelligence
have an external locus of control
develop an increased awareness of their own and others’ emotions
Have an emotional contagion which can spread throughout the organization
73
Which of the following is not associated with a long term exposure to stress
High Blood Pressure
Type A Personality
Being Susceptible to Colds
Ulcers
74
Which statement applies to individuals possessing a Type A personality?
They are less prone than Type B personalities to heart attacks
become aggressive when faced with conflict
They tend to be relatively calm in difficult situations
They are socially secure
75
Which of the following is not a level of emotional labor?
Superficial acting
Surface acting
Genuine acting
Deep acting
76
What conveys as much as 65 to 90 percent of the content of a message?
nonverbal communication
numeric examples
tone of voice
written forms of communication
77
What is an active listening "do"?
Show listening with only your voice
Ask questions just because
Restate in your own words
Summarize facts but not feelings
78
What is an example of how task significance of a job can be enhanced for an individual?
the fundraiser obtains increasing level of supports for students
the employee receives rewards for their task completion
individual who collects food meets a person who requires the food
the radiologist develops the photographs of patients
79
When a receiver understands the meaning of the sender's message, what is this process?
creating the message
giving feedback
encoding
decoding
80
What is the definition of 'Skill Variety' according to the Job Characteristics Model?
The extent to which a job requires the use of different skills
The level of feedback from the job
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
The level of freedom to decide how to perform tasks
81
Cross-cultural communication in business can be improved by
Learning a foreign language
Studying business culture in Japan
Learning a foreign language AND culture
Googling music types preferred by Asians
82
In the Job Characteristics Model, what does 'Feedback' refer to?
The extent to which a job affects others' well-being
The freedom to perform tasks
The degree to which a person is in charge of completing a task
The degree to which people learn how effective they are at work
83
Which hormone is first released in a stressful situation?
Cortisol
Insulin
Adrenaline
ACTH
84
What best exemplifies an employee assistance program?
an organizational approach to stress prevention
a first-level or primary stress prevention approach
a prevention approach to relieve or reduce stress
an aftercare program for drug-addicted employees
85
________ is when an employee will actively try to experience the emotion they are displaying
Deep Acting
Management Acting
Genuine Acting
Surface Acting
86
What does structural empowerment refer to?
The inability to perform tasks without close supervision.
The personal feelings of empowerment.
Aspects of work that give employees discretion.
The hierarchal structure of a company.
87
What is role ambiguity?
confusion a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
confusion stemming from conflicting expectations within a single role
confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others
confusion from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
88
In your textbook, The Case of American Express demonstrates that ....
cognitive dissonance can affect sales
Emotional Contagion affects sales people more than others
EI is the reason that some sale people sell more than others
Work-Family Conflict significantly interferes in work productivity
89
What is a job characteristic of an employee who works in finance/payroll?
skill variety
task identity
autonomy
task significance
90
What is non verbal communication ?
Eye contact, facial expression , gestures , posture and distance
Gestures, proximity and environment
Body language, tone and appearance
Facial expressions, eye contact
91
What does cortisol do in a fight or flight situation?
It promotes blood flow to the digestive system
It stimulates the immune response
It inhibits insulin production to favor immediate glucose use
It increases heart rate and blood pressure
92
What was one of the key ideas of scientific management?
Minimize waste by identifying the most efficient method to perform a job
Job enlargement
Job rotation
Job enrichment
93
What part of the brain is responsible for stimulating fear responses?
The hippocampus
The cerebellum
The amygdala
The prefrontal cortex
94
What part of the brain initiates the fight-or-flight response?
The pituitary gland
The adrenal gland
The hypothalamus
The amygdala
95
What does communication technology significantly limit or eliminate?
dominant communication
written communication
nonverbal communication
nondefensive communication
96
What is a common cause of cross cultural conflict in the workplace?
Age differences
Disorganised teams
Miscommunication
Overworked employees
97
The Concept of Flow in your text with relation to stress is best described as...
movement at work through better planning and therefore stress reduction
moving up through the system and therefore having more hope
getting along better with our colleagues
state of consciousness which a person is totally absorbed in an activity
98
What percentage of meaning in a message can be conveyed by nonverbal communication?
45 to 70
10 to 20
65 to 90
25 to 40
99
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system post-stress?
It promotes the fight or flight response
It continues the release of cortisol
It brings the body back to homeostasis
It increases the heart rate
