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AICE Psychology Chapter 1: 1.9-1.11 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AICE Psychology Chapter 1: 1.9-1.11 Review
AICE Psychology Chapter 1: 1.9-1.11 Review
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1
What type of graph is used to show the distribution of a single variable, often for continuous data?
Pie Chart
Bar Chart
Histogram
Line Graph
2
To calculate the mean score for a group of participants, a researcher would need to:
Identify the middle score when ordered.
Find the most frequent score.
Sum all scores and divide by the number of scores.
Find the difference between the highest and lowest scores.
3
What is a mathematical term that describes the 'middle' or typical value of a set of data?
Percent Error Formula
Measure of Central Tendency
Measure of Spread
Standard Deviation
4
What type of graph is best for showing the relationship between two co-variables where each point represents scores?
Bar Chart
Histogram
Scatter Graph
Line Graph
5
Which measure of spread is the difference between the biggest and smallest values in a data set?
Measure of Central Tendency
Mode
Range
Standard Deviation
6
A weakness of qualitative data is that it can be subjective and harder to compare due to its reliance on:
Numerical scales
Pre-defined categories
Participants' own interpretations
Standardized procedures
7
Which measure of central tendency is calculated by adding up the values and dividing them by the quantity of values?
Mean
Median
Mode
Percent Yield
8
What type of data is expressed in words and rich in detail, focusing on quality or meaning?
Qualitative Data
Subjective Data
Numerical Data
Quantitative Data
9
A strength of quantitative data is that it tends to be objective and reliable because it is based on:
Subjective interpretations
Numerical measurement
Open-ended responses
Detailed verbal descriptions
10
What type of data is expressed numerically and can be statistically analyzed, focusing on quantity or extent?
Primary Data
Secondary Data
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
11
If you want to compare the average scores of students from three different classes, what type of graph would you use?
Line Graph
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Histogram
12
What is the extent to which the researcher is testing what they claim to be testing?
Validity
Ethics
Reliability
Generalizability
13
For a study to be replicable, what information must researchers typically provide in their report?
The full names and contact details of all participants.
A detailed and explicit description of the procedure and method.
Only the key findings and conclusions.
A subjective interpretation of the data.
14
A strength of qualitative data is its ability to provide:
Objective, verifiable measures
Large-scale generalizability
Rich, in-depth detail about the quality of psychological variables
Easy statistical comparisons
15
What problem arises if a study's measurements are inconsistent (i.e., low reliability)?
It becomes difficult to draw real conclusions about the effect of the IV
The study will automatically have high validity.
It will always have high generalizability.
The sample size must be very small.
16
What term describes the extent to which a procedure, task, or measure is consistent?
Replicability
Generalizability
Reliability
Validity
17
What does a scatter graph with a strong positive correlation indicate about the relationship between two variables?
As one variable increases, the other tends to decrease.
The variables have no significant relationship.
As one variable increases, the other also tends to increase.
The data points are widely spread out with no clear pattern.
18
Which measure of spread is a calculation of the average distance between each score and the mean?
Range
Mode
Median
Standard Deviation
19
A histogram is used to illustrate continuous data. What does the X-axis typically represent in a histogram?
The total number of participants
Time spent doing an activity
Individual categories
The spread of scores across different categories
20
If a psychologist wants to find the most common number of hours some students spent on homework, what would they use?
Mode
Median
Range
Mean
21
If a dataset has a small standard deviation, what does this indicate about the data?
There are many outliers in the data.
The scores are widely spread out from the mean.
The scores are clustered closely around the mean.
The data is qualitative.
22
What is concerned with whether the findings from a study can be applied to other people, settings, or times?
External Validity
Generalizability
Internal Validity
Replicability
23
A researcher wants to understand the spread of scores in a small, unskewed dataset. What would they use?
Range
Standard Deviation
Interquartile Range
Mode
24
Why might a laboratory experiment sometimes lack ecological validity?
Due to its high internal validity.
Due to the artificiality of the setting and tasks.
Because of the presence of uncontrolled variables.
Because participants are not deceived.
25
If a study's results are due to the manipulation of the IV and not other factors, the study is said to have high:
External Validity
Ecological Validity
Internal Validity
Face Validity
26
which measure of central tendency provides a better representation when there are outliers in the set?
Mode
Measure of Central Tendency
Mean
Median
27
A weakness of quantitative data is that it may lack detail and richness, as it focuses on:
Providing in-depth individual experiences
Generalizable findings
Statistical averages
Understanding complex emotions
28
What is a key limitation of using only the range as a measure of spread?
It only considers the two most extreme values of the set
It is difficult to calculate for large datasets.
It can only be used with qualitative data.
It is not affected by outliers.
29
What type of graph typically shows frequencies of categories using separate bars?
Histogram
Line Graph
Scatter Graph
Bar Chart
30
Which of the following describes a bar chart where the columns are NOT related to each other linearly?
A graph comparing categories of data.
A graph showing continuous data.
A graph with an X-axis representing numerical ranges.
A graph displaying distribution over time.
31
What is the main purpose of descriptive statistics in psychological research?
To infer relationships between populations
To summarize and describe the basic features of the data collected
To predict future behavior
To establish cause-and-effect relationships
32
If a study uses a very unrepresentative sample what aspect of generalizability is most likely to be lower?
Population Generalizability
Internal Generalizability
Concurrent Generalisability
Construct Generalizability
33
Why is standard deviation generally considered a more informative measure of spread than the range?
It is less affected by extreme values.
It is simpler to calculate.
It only applies to numerical data.
It takes into account every score in the dataset.
34
What is a mathematical term that describes the variation or dispersion of data?
Median
Range
Mode
Measure of Spread
35
Which measure of central tendency represents the most frequently occurring value in a data set?
Mean
Median
Mode
Range
36
A large standard deviation in a dataset suggests that:
The data points are tightly grouped.
The data points are very consistent.
The mean is the most appropriate measure of central tendency.
There is a wide spread of scores around the mean.
37
What is important for assessing external reliability, which is obtaining the same results if a study is repeated again.
Split-half reliability
Test-retest reliability
Concurrent validity
Inter-rater reliability
38
What type of graph is used to display the relationship between two continuous variables?
Scatter Graph
Bar Chart
Histogram
Line Graph
39
What is the concept of ecological validity primarily concerned with?
Whether the study uses a large sample size.
Whether the findings can be generalized to real life situations
Whether the independent variable was manipulated effectively.
Whether the measures are consistent over time.
40
Which measure of central tendency is the middle value in a set of data that has been ordered from lowest to highest?
Mode
Median
Standard Deviation
Mean
