Chapter 12 Milady Textbook

A common VOC used in hairspray is SD alcohol (ethyl alcohol)

Following the like-dissolves-like rule, the hydrophilic head dissolves in water and the lipophilic tail dissolves in oil

Organic compounds can contain other elements like nitrogen&oxygen but it is the bond between __&__that makes it organic.

when hydrogen is chemically combined with a substance, the substance is oxidized.

An ion with a negative electrical charge is an ____.

All chemical reactions are involved in physical change and new chemicals are formed.

When salt is dissolved in water, salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

Solid, liquid, and gas are forms that are called States of Energy

Acrylic nails where the liquid causes powder to harden is an example of :

The ___ is the substance that dissolves the solute and makes the solution.

Liquids are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form clear solution is called ____.

__ is an ingredient that brings 2 normally incompatible materials together&binds them into a uniform&fairly stable blend

A ___ is a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.

State of matter described as definite volume but takes the shape of its container; ex: bleach, shampoo, haircolor, water

What are some examples of inorganic substances?

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon but may contain the element hydrogen.

A pH of 7 is a ______ solution.

All living things or things that were once alive, whether they are plants/animals, contain carbon.

Most inorganic substances burn because they contain carbon

The ___ is the substance that is dissolvent into solution.

hair color products, chemical texturizers, shampoos&conditioners, styling aids, nail enhancements&skin care product are?

A ___ is a physical combination of matter in any proportion.

Organic means that the material contains both carbon&hydrogen from either natural or synthetic sources.

The word, ORGANIC, means natural or healthy as applied to chemistry.

An ____ is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

An ion with a positive electrical charge is a ____.

A __ is a change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.

___ are a chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definite(fixed) proportions.

The science that deals with the composition, structures, &properties of matter&how matter changes under diff. conditions

Sodium chloride(NaCl), common table salt, is an example of compound molecules.

what are examples of water-in-oil emulsions

Is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent.

a pH below 7 indicates an _____ solution.

the head of the surfactant molecule is ____, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).

Also known as redox, is a chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take place at the same time.

a pH above 7 indicates an _____ solution.

___ are compounds that contain carbon (organic) & evaporates very easily (volatile).

Examples of chemical properties include the ability of iron to rust, wood to burn, or hair to change color

An example of a chemical change is the oxidation of hair color.

An ___ is an unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substance plus a special ingredient called emulsifier

State of matter.. described as rigid; has a fixed shape& volume. Examples: brush, roller, wooden nail pusher, ice.

___ are substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify. They are one type of emulsifier.

the tail is ____, having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving).

Water-in-oil emulsions feel dry than oil-in-water emulsions b/c the H20 is hidden & oil forms the external portions

____&____ are examples of ammonia compounds that are used to perform chemical services in a salon.

A __ is a change in the form or physical properties of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new

Liquids are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions are called ____.

____ is a sweet, colorless, oily substance. It is used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.

Organic substances that contain both carbon & hydrogen can ___.

An ___ is the simplest form of chemical matter.

An __ is the basic unit of matter with a nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around in orbits

States of matter exists in what 3 physical forms?

Pure substance have unique properties.

chemical reactions can release a significant amount of heat. These types of chemical reactions are called....

Water and alcohol are examples of miscible liquids as in a nail polish remover.

Most inorganic substances are not, and never were, alive

State of matter described as no fixed volume or shape; ex: propellant in hairspray, mousse, propane.

___ are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction& a chemical change in the substance.

__ are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

Compound molecules are also known as compounds.

There are 118 elements today&of these__occur naturally&the rest are produced by synthetic methods from nuclear reactions

___ is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

Elements cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of ___.

The example of physical mixture: Air contains many substances, including ____, _____, and _____.

All liquids are either miscible or immiscible.

Is the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light.

The study of substances that contain the element carbon.

what are examples of oil-in-water emulsions?