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Microbial Genetics
Microbial Genetics
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Microbial Genetics and Respiration - Chapters 7-9
Flashcards
44 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
44
Answers
1
Which of the following is a result of a nonsense mutation?
different amino acid is produced
start codon is produced
stop codon is produced
same amino acid is produced
2
Why is penicillin enrichment used to select for mutation?
To remove all prototrophs
To increase percent of auxotrophs
To increase percent of prototrophs
To remove all auxotrophs
3
Which is DNA that is genetically altered to give the organism more useful traits?
Recombinant DNA
Genetic engineering
Gel electrophoresis
DNA sequencing
4
Which of the following is true of DNA?
Linear structure, 4 nucleotides, Double stranded helix
Linear structure, 4 nucleotides, Single stranded helix
Branched structure, 4 nucleotides,Single stranded helix
Branched structure, 3 nucleotides,Double stranded helix
5
Which of the following is the appropriate procedure for basic PCR?
DNA extended > primers annealed > DNA denatured
DNA denatured > primers annealed > DNA extended
Primers annealed > DNA extended > DNA denatured
DNA denatured > DNA extended > primers annealed
6
Which of the following is an example of a point mutation (THE CAT ATE THE ANT).
The bat ate the ant
The cat ate the red ant
The cat
The bat cat eth ean t
7
Which produces too much data to work with our current computer technology?
Dideoxy chain termination
Next-Gen Sequencing
Colony Blotting
Fluorescense In-Situ Hybridization
8
Which is a method that clones random samples of DNA from the environment into bacteria?
Shotgun cloning
Colony Blotting
Gene fusion
cDNA library
9
Which of the following is a mutant gene that does not need a growth factor?
autotroph
Auxotroph
Prototroph
Heterotroph
10
The alteration of proteins that is common to pathogens to help them beat our immune systems is
phase variation
constitutive
repressor
antigenic variation
11
Which type of mutagen often causes thymine dimer mutations?
Radiation
Intercalating agent
Base analog
Transposon
12
What is added to cells to cause the cell to burst and release DNA for a DNA library?
bacteriophage
chymosin
detergent
restriction enzyme
13
Which of the following will result in a silent mutation?
UCU = UUU
UAU = UCU
UCU = UCA
UGU = UGA
14
Which of the following sites on the ribosome is the exit site on the mRNA?
E site
T site
A site
P site
15
An enzyme that cuts DNA into small fragments is called a
Okazaki fragment
Helicase
Restriction enzyme
FISH probe
16
Which of the following is a collection of genes that makes up the entire genome of an organism?
DNA library
Dideoxy chain sequence
Core Genome
DNA microarray
17
Which of the following is the first amino acid in any protein?
tyrosine
methionine
serine
leucine
18
A single-stranded piece of DNA used to locate a specific nucleotide sequence is called a:
Helicase enzyme
Primer
Thermal cycler
DNA probe
19
What are 2 methods of genetic change?
auxotroph and protroph
lac operon and inducible proteins
regulating gene expression and natural selection
mutation and horizontal gene transfer
20
Which of the following is used to test for possible mutagens?
glucose salts
ames test
penicillin enrichment
horizontal gene transfer
21
Which type of regulation can be turned off when not needed?
Constitutive
Antigenic
Inducible
Repressible
22
Which of the following is a process to amplify DNA?
Colony Blotting
Polymerase chain reaction
Genetic engineering
DNA sequencing
23
What are the two events in gene expression?
Conjugation and Transformation
DNA and RNA
Synthesis and Repair
Transcription and Translation
24
DNA fragments are separated by size and charge during which process?
Restriction enzymes
Gel electrophoresis
Obtaining DNA library
Polymerase Chain Reaction
25
Which of the following describes movement of DNA from one organism to another.
Mutation
Horizontal gene transfer
Gene expression
Phenotype expression
26
Which process is responsible for making an amino acid sequence from mRNA?
cDNA production
Translation
DNA replication
Transcription
27
Which type of DNA repair is used as a last effort in attempt to fix extensively damaged DNA?
Glycosylase Action
Light Repair
Dark Repair
SOS Repair
28
What must be removed from eukaryotic mRNA in order to make cDNA?
Introns
Resistance genes
Plasmids
Restriction fragments
29
Which enzymes are responsible for joining 2 DNA fragments together?
Gyrases
Ligases
Helicases
Polymerases
30
What task must all cells accomplish?
DNA must duplicate
Genes must be able to use phase variation
Genome must code for antibiotic resistance
Proteins must be copied
31
Which of the following are short segments of DNA created in replication of the lagging strand?
Restriction Enzymes
DNA Ligase
Okazaki Fragments
Polypeptides
32
What is the tRNA anti-codon for the DNA minus codon CCC, and what amino acid does it carry?
GGG, proline
CCC, glycine
GGG, glycine
CCC, proline
33
Translate this DNA minus codon: GAC.
CUG
leucine
glutamine
CTG
34
Which of the following defines the genes that vary among different strains of the same species?
Mobile gene pool
Core genome
Gene library
Conjugated gene pool
35
To which end are complementary nucleotides added in DNA replication?
3’ phosphate
3’ hydroxyl
5’ phosphate
5’ hydroxyl
36
The ability of cells to sense the density of their population is called:
Antigenic variation
Constitutive
Phase variation
Quorum sensing
37
Describe the lac operon in the absense of lactose.
No transcription
lots of transcription
some transcription
38
Which of the following is a method of horizontal gene transfer?
Transduction
Conjugation
DNA microarray
Ames Test
39
Which type of DNA repair is used to repair thymine dimers?
Mismatch Repair
Dark Repair
Proofreading by DNA Polymerase
Glycosylase Action
40
Which of the following is not a method that uses DNA probe technologies:
Fluorescence in-situ hybridization
DNA microarray
DNA cloning
Colony blotting
41
Which type of horizontal gene transfer uses a bacteriophage to transfer DNA?
Conjugation by Plasmid transfer
Conjugation by chromosome transfer
Transduction
DNA-mediated transformation
42
What is the role of DNA polymerase?
To break the DNA strand at the initiation site
To seal the gaps between DNA fragments
To degrade RNA primers
To synthesize the leading strand of DNA
43
Which of the following is a gene that moves from one location to another?
Glycosylate
Intercalating agent
Base analog
Transposon
44
Which is used if mutants grow under conditions that parents do not?
Indirect selection
Ames test
Direct selection
Replica plating
