Which of the following situations would cause an air mass to form an inversion?

warm air mass moving over cold ground

Which of the following would be considered valid climate data?

March in the city of Johannesburg,has an average temperature of 20°C.

How did the evolution of photosynthesis affect the Earth’s climate?

drop in CO2, drop in temperature

Which of the following would not be considered valid climate data?

March in South Africa has an average temperature of 20°C.

Which of the following statements is true?

The average global temperature has been both warmer and cooler than now.

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Earth Science Midterm

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1
Which of the following situations would cause an air mass to form an inversion?
cold air mass moving over a large body of water
cold air mass moving over warm ground
warm air mass moving over cold ground
warm air mass moving over a large body of water
2
What is created when air that has been heated at the ground rises upward?
a low-pressure zone
a medium-pressure zone
a no-pressure zone
a high-pressure zone
3
London and Quebec are at the same latitude, Why is London’s climate so much warmer than Quebec?
The Gulf Stream
The Nationality
The North Sea
The Jet Stream
4
Which of the following would be considered valid climate data?
March in the Four Seasons Hotel has an average temperature of 20°C.
March in the continent of Africa has an average temperature of 20°C.
March in the city of Johannesburg,has an average temperature of 20°C.
March in the country of South Africa has an average temperature of 20°C.
5
Gases at sea level are also compressed by the weight of the atmosphere above them. This is what creates ________.
Surface Tension
Air Speed
Air Pressure
Surface Area
6
True or false: Air masses form primarily in temperate zones in the middle latitudes.
FALSE
TRUE
7
How did the evolution of photosynthesis affect the Earth’s climate?
drop in CO2, rise in temperature
It had no effect.
rise in CO2, drop in temperature
drop in CO2, drop in temperature
8
In the atmosphere, carbon primarily exists as ________.
CO2
CO
CaCO3
HCO3
9
How many convection cells would the atmosphere have if the Earth were not rotating?
1
6
3
4
10
True or false: Waves transmit energy, not matter.
TRUE
FALSE
11
Which of the weather fronts produces the worst, strongest, fiercest weather?
Cold Front
Occulded Front
Warm Front
Stationary Front
12
The density of ocean water decreases as ________.
None of these is correct.
pressure increases
temperature increases
salinity increases
13
How far back in time have scientists been able to get data from an ice sheet in Antarctica?
3 million years
2 million years
800,000 years
500,000 years
14
Which of the following is not a cloud that forms through completely natural processes?
Contrails
cumulus
cumulonimbus
cirrus
15
Which type of resource are we, by definition, eventually going to run out of?
none of these
inexhaustible resources
renwable resources
nonrenewable resources
16
Energy from the sun reaches Earth by ________.
Radiation
Connection
Convection
Conduction
17
________, which creates low-pressure zones, while ________, which creates high-pressure zones.
Cool air sinks; cool air sinks
Warm air rises; warm air rises
Warm air rises; cool air sinks
Cool air sinks; warm air rises
18
Carbon dioxide is important to life on Earth because without carbon dioxide, Earth would be ________.
a dry desert
completely covered in water
unbearably hot
a frozen wasteland
19
Which of the following happens during an El Niño season?
trade winds reverse direction
heavy rainfall in the western Pacific
normal atmospheric conditions are intensified
20
True or false: Plate tectonic movements can alter climate.
TRUE
FALSE
21
Oceanic waves generally travel and transfer energy as ________.
secondary waves
raleigh waves
primary waves
love waves
22
Which of the following processes adds CO2 to the atmosphere?
cellualr repseration
erosion
photosynthesis
sedimentation
23
Which of the following would not be considered valid climate data?
March in San Diego, California, has an average temperature of 67°F.
March in New Delhi, India, has an average temperature of 85°F.
March in South Africa has an average temperature of 20°C.
March in Johannesburg, South Africa, has an average temperature of 20°C.
24
Which of the following releases the most greenhouse gases annually?
electric power stations
transportation fuels
industrial processes
agricultural production
25
True or false: Plants undergo both photosynthesis and respiration.
FALSE
TRUE
26
Thunderstorms that have just formed enough that precipitation begins, but are not yet mature storms will have ________.
both updrafts and downdrafts
downdrafts
updrafts
none of these
27
Until recently, for how long was the Earth’s climate stable?
For the last 10,000 years.
For the last 2000 years.
For the last 200 years.
For the last 5,000 years.
28
True or false: Photosynthesis allows plants to store light energy as chemical energy in the form of glucose.
FALSE
TRUE
29
True or false: The continental margin is the transition from the land to the deep sea
TRUE
FALSE
30
True or false: Climate changes slowly.
TRUE
FALSE
31
100% of earth’s weather takes place in the ________.
mesosphere
stratosphere
Troposphere
thermosphere
32
The carbon in the atmosphere is usually in the form of ________.
(HCO3)-
H2CO3
CH4
CO2
33
True or false: The equator is a low-pressure zone.
TRUE
FALSE
34
Every type of organic compound requires ________.
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Phosphorus
35
Which of the following is not a greehouse gass?
Nitrogen
Methane
Ozone
Water Vapor
36
Which of the following is a source for oil?
dead organisms
living organisms
space
rocks
37
True or false: Most of the hydrocarbons that make up fossil fuels originally came from marine organisms.
FALSE
TRUE
38
True or false: Air masses form primarily in temperate zones in the middle latitudes.
FALSE
TRUE
39
True or false: Atmospheric data from a single source is used to create Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models.
FALSE
TRUE
40
The seasons are caused by ________.
Earth’s elliptical orbit
Earth’s precession
Earth’s rotation
Earth’s tilt
41
Weather takes place in the ________.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
42
Which of the following statements is true?
The average global temperature has been warmer, but not cooler than now.
The average global temperature has been both warmer and cooler than now.
The average global temperature has been cooler, but not warmer than now.
The average global temperature has always been the way it is now.
43
Which ocean current is able to travel all the way around the globe?
North Pacific Gyre
South Pacific Gyre
Global Ocean Conveyor Belt
Gulf Stream
44
Which of the following characteristics are used to describe the properties that are similar throughout the air mass?
Wind Speed & Temperature
Lattitude & Longitude
Density & Pressure
Humidity & Temperature
45
Today’s current CO2 concentrations are the highest they have ever been.
FALSE
TRUE
46
The difference in the heat capacity for water versus land is the driving force behind ________.
katabatic winds
whirlwinds
sea breezes
monsoons
47
Energy from the sun reaches Earth by ________.
convection
radiation
conduction
connection
48
True or false: Sea breezes will blow cool air from sea to land during the day.
FALSE
TRUE
49
True or false: The seasons depend on the distance the Earth is from the sun.
FALSE
TRUE
50
The edges of an air mass will have ________.
high humidity
Low pressure
High pressure
low humidity
51
Short-term changes in climate are common and they have many causes. The largest and most important of these is ________.
sunspots
Milankovitch cycles
Wilson cycles
ENSO
52
The El Niño Southern Oscillation event is considered a ________.
short term climate change symptom
long term climate change symptom
short term climate change cause
long term climate change cause
53
Why is the climate of Virginia Beach, VA (East Coast), more extreme than San Francisco, CA (West Coast)?
The global wind belt for this latitude is the Westerlies.
The Pacific Ocean is cold, and the Atlantic Ocean is warm.
They have different population numbers.
They receive different incident angles of sunlight.
54
Why can the atmosphere experience big changes before the biosphere feels the effects of those changes?
The ocean acts as a heat radiator, balancing those changes.
The ocean acts as a heat absorber, balancing those changes.
By not being able to influence the movement of energy
the ocean balances change by absorbing and releasing heat
55
True or false: Carbon first arrived on Earth with meteors and asteroids during the Late Heavy Bombardment period.
TRUE
FALSE
56
Ocean water captures carbon from the atmosphere in the form of ________.
liquid droplets of carbonic acid
solid calcium carbonate
carbon dioxide gas
solid graphite particles
57
________, which creates low-pressure zones, while ________, which creates high-pressure zones.
Warm air rises; cool air sinks
Cool air sinks; warm air rises
Cool air sinks; cool air sinks
Warm air rises; warm air rises
58
The breakup of Pangea caused many changes including huge volumes of CO2 being relesed, which caused ________.
increasing temperatures and humidity levels
oceanic hyperoxia
decreasing temperatures and humidity levels
increasing oxygen concentrations
59
Wind moves in circular currents vertically because of ________.
Birds
Convection
Ocean Currents
Earth's Rotation
60
Which of the following is not released or expelled into the air through cellular respiration?
cerbon dioxide
energy
Oxygen
water
61
True or false: Global temperatures have been rising (on average) for the past 10,000 years.
FALSE
TRUE
62
Deep ocean movement is driven by _____________while the movement of surface currents is driven by _________.
salinity; temperature
temperature; salinity
global winds; thermohaline variations
thermohaline variations; global winds
63
What effect does slash-and-burn clearing of forests have on the atmosphere?
It adds oxygen to the atmosphere.
It removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
It removes water from the atmosphere.
It adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
64
Black asphalt roads have a ________ albedo.
low
high
dark
bright
65
When was the last time atmospheric concentrations of CO2 rose as quickly as they are rising today?
200 million years ago
2 billion years ago
20 billion years ago
20 million years
66
Ocean water ________ heat at the equator and ________ heat at the poles.
gains; loses
gains; gains
loses; loses
loses; gains
67
Temperature increasess as you increase in altitude through which layers of the Earth's atmosphere?
Stratosphere & Exosphere
Mesosphere & Thermosphere
Thermosphere & Stratosphere
Troposphere & Stratosphere
68
Which latitude receives the most energy from the sun?
90°
60°
30°
0°
69
Which of the following describes the western Pacific climate during normal conditions?
cold and dry
warm and rainy
cold and rainy
warm and dry
70
Carbon can be found in the...
geosphere
hydrosphere
all four spheres
atomosphere
71
Wind or water that travels toward the equator from the poles gets bent to the west when you are _________.
in neither the northern nor the southern hemisphere
in the southern hemisphere
in the northern hemisphere
in either the northern or southern hemispheres
72
The seasons are caused by ________.
Earth’s rotation
Earth’s precession
Earth’s elliptical orbit
Earth’s tilt
73
The distinctions between the layers of the atmosphere are generally determined by ________.
sound
ozone
Heat
Light
74
Which segment of the carbon cycle is the slowest?
the atmosphere
the hydrosphere
the geosphere
the biosphere
75
How many times can Earth’s eccentricity cycle during this time period of 90,000 to 100,000 years?
2
1
3
4
76
True or false: Air pressure decreases with altitude.
FALSE
TRUE
77
What is predicted to occur if more methane is added to the atmosphere?
All of these are correct.
dramatic death of ocean life
reaching thermal maximum
rising sea levels
78
Which of the following water cycle transport methods does not put water into the atmosphere?
transpiration
precipitation
evaporation
sublimation
79
The difference in the heat capacity for water versus land is the driving force behind ________.
katabatic winds
monsoons
sea breezes
whirlwinds
80
The density of ocean water increases as ________.
pressure decreases
temperature increases
salinity increases
All of these are correct.
81
The difference in the heat capacity for water versus land is the driving force behind ____.
katabatic winds
sea breezes
whirlwinds
monsoons
82
True or false: The Coriolis effect is responsible for the curved path that hurricanes travel.
FALSE
TRUE
83
Every type of organic compound requires ________.
carbon
nitrogen
oxygen
phosphorus
84
The prefix ________ means heat, and ________ means salt.
haline; haline
thermo; thermo
haline; thermo
thermo; haline
85
Which is the most unstable layer of the atmosphere?
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
86
The center of an air mass will have ________.
High pressure
high density
high temperature
high humidity
87
The carbon cycle was initiated by ________.
the atmosphere
the biosphere
the hydrosphere
the geosphere
88
Which of the following weather measurement instruments would be best suited for measuring data for a large storm?
barometer
Radar
radiosonodes
weather station
89
True or false: Greenhouse gases warm the atmosphere by absorbing and re-emitting light.
FALSE
TRUE
90
True or false: Climate changes slowly.
TRUE
FALSE
91
How is acid rain formed?
All of these
Polution
Volcanic eruptions
Forrest Fires
92
The concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere is ________.
increasing
decreasing
not changing
93
Which climate data collection method allows us to collect actual samples of ancient air?
ice cores
varves
tree rings
radiocarbon dating
94
An ice age can only occur when there is land near the ________.
Equator
Poles
Prime Meridian
None of these.
95
True or false: Greenhouse gases can be described as a blanket for the Earth.
FALSE
TRUE
96
True or false: Greenhouse gas concentrations often correlate with global temperatures.
TRUE
FALSE
97
High-CO2 conditions are most favorable for ________.
vegatable-growing plants
weeds
wheat
kelp
98
What happens to the air density and air pressure when molecules of atmospheric gases get colder?
Air density decreases, but air pressure increases.
Air density increases, but air pressure decreases.
Air density and air pressure both decrease.
Air density and air pressure both increase.
99
Which of the following types of energy are responsible for creating wind?
Kinetic Energy
Electric Energy
Chemical Energy
Thermal Energy
100
Water in the ocean's surface currents is pushed in the direction of the major wind belts.
FALSE
TRUE
101
True or false: Greenhouse gases can be described as a blanket for the Earth.
FALSE
TRUE
102
Surface currents in the ocean are created by all of the following except ________.
regional climates
global wind patterns
rotation of the Earth
shapes of ocean basins
103
When the average global temperature rises, which of the following is true?
Places that were too cold may become warm enough to live there.
Places that were too dry to live before may become too cold to live there.
Places that were too warm to live before may become cool.
Places that were warm enough to live before may become too cold.
104
The ozone layer is found in the ________.
Stratosphere
Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Troposphere
105
True or false: The Hydrosphere distributes heat from the Equator to the Poles.
FALSE
TRUE
106
When cars and factories create CO2 in the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, what happens to that CO2?
It is blown by the westerlies and ends up over the Atlantic Ocean.
It stays trapped in the cP air mass that the CO2 was released into.
It is distributed through global winds to all parts.
It stays in the United States and only affects of that country.
107
What is the process plants use to absorb carbon dioxide from the environment?
transpiration
respiration
photosynthesis
absorption
108
The center of an air mass will have ________.
High Density
High Pressure
High Humidity
High temperature
109
Which of the following is not a consequence of a drought?
Loss of Soil
Loss of Forests
Loss of Wildlife
Loss of Air
110
Rapid increases to greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere often correlate with ________.
increasing temperatures
increasing humidity
increasing evolution
increasing ice ages
111
If Methane is a much more effective greenhouse gas than CO2, why is CO2 the greenhouse gas that everyone talks about?
Carbon dioxide breaks down faster
There are more Carbon dioxide molecules in the atmosphere than methane
Fossil fuels don't emit methane
Methane isn't a greenhouse gas
112
The Coriolis Effect causes moving objects to appear to move _ in the South and _in the North.
left; right
right; left
right; right
left; left
113
Which of the following ecosystems is able to cycle carbon the fastest?
exospheric ecosystems
atmospheric ecosystems
hydrospheric ecosystems
geospheric ecosystems
114
True or false: A Milankovitch cycle is a change in Earth's orbit over thousands of years.
TRUE
FALSE
115
Scientists attribute a series of ice ages to variations in the Milankovitch cycles.
FALSE
TRUE
116
True or false: Greenhouse gasses are gasses that trap heat in our atmosphere.
FALSE
TRUE
117
True or false: Hadley Cells are always centered at the equator.
FALSE
TRUE
118
Imagine a world where, starting today, carbon no longer cycled. Which of earth’s spheres would be affected first?
atmosphere
Biosphere
hydrosphere
Geosphere
119
Deep ocean movement is driven by ________ while the movement of surface currents is driven by ________.
salinity; temperature
global winds; thermohaline variations
thermohaline variations; global winds
temperature; salinity
120
When the ocean water temperature rises, dissolved carbon dioxide is ________.
released into the atmosphere
captured from the atmosphere
converted into sodium bicarbonate
deposited as sediment
121
How did Earth’s second atmosphere receive carbon?
runoff
respiration
dissolution
outgassing
122
Which of the following types of energy are responsible for creating wind?
chemical energy
thermal energy
electric energy
kinetic energy
123
The Coriolis Effect causes moving objects to appear to move _ in the South and _in the North.
left; right
right; left
left; left
right; right

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