stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Research Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Research
Research
50 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
1,074 plays
A psychology review to reinforce the ideas of research methods.
Flashcards
50 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
50
Answers
1
A specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n)
replication
control condition
operational definition
standard deviation
2
What are operational definitions used for?
All of the above
Clarify what is meant by each variable
What the researcher means by the variable
Describe how a variable is measured
3
The scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by
naturalistic observation
the hindsight bias
random assignment
correlational evidence
4
Basing decisions on conclusions on observable evidence describes which of the following?
overconfidence
confirmation bias
empirical approach
hindsight bias
5
A measurement, calculation, or location used as a basis for comparison.
Questionnaire
Placebo
Baseline
Starting point
6
Carefully watching the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle is what method?
random sampling
case study
survey
naturalistic observation
7
AJ believes he is a good driver so he takes many driving risks, his driving is affected by
operational definition
illusory correlation
the placebo effect
overconfidence
8
What are the three methods of science?
Descriptive, future, theoretical
Correlation, experimentation, surveys
Advanced, experimentation, biology
Descriptive, correlation, experimentation
9
Which two questions exemplify the scientific attitude?
How common is this answer? How many people agree?
Who believes you? What are their qualifications?
What truths does this agree with? Which does it contradict?
What do you mean? How do you know?
10
When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you're applying
critical thinking
overconfidence
the hindsight bias
the placebo effect
11
Carefully tracking children's behavior in their classroom is what type of research method?
naturalistic observation
case study
survey
experimentation
12
Which research method is typically used to examine one participant in depth?
survey
experiment
correlation
case study
13
Which of the following is an example of the Placebo Effect?
giving someone a fake pill, and them experiencing changes
The researched doesn't know who's in the control group
People opt out of the experiment, influencing the results
The participants do not know if they're in the control group
14
Which of the following questions can most likely be answered using an empirical approach?
Is human nature basically good or evil?
What happens after we die?
What causes aggression?
What is the basis of faith?
15
Replication involves
repeating an earlier research study
perceiving order in random events
the selection of random samples
rejecting ideas that cannot be scientifically tested
16
All subjects have an equal change of being assigned to any group or condition in the study
Population
Sample
Random Assignment
Survey
17
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
overconfidence
naturalistic observation
humility
illusory correlation
18
Gwen received an average grade on her test after expecting to do better, this best illustrates
the placebo effect
overconfidence
negative correlation
illusory correlation
19
The hindsight bias leads people to perceive research findings as
unpredictable
unsurprising
invalid
unreplicable
20
Historians of science describe which 3 attitudes as the basis of the scientific viewpoint?
achievement-oriented, intellectual, empirical
morality, detail-orientation, cynicism
curiosity, skepticism, humility
intelligence, dedication, thoroughness
21
The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it
is based on naturalistic observation
relies mostly on correlational over causational evidence
overestimates the importance of operational definitions
may be unrepresentative of what is generally true
22
A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates
hypotheses
critical thinking
overconfidence
the hindsight bias
23
What is the primary limitation of the case study research method?
It is not part of the scientific method
It isn't an empirical method
individual cases can be misleading
Random sampling must be used for representative findings
24
A system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
Hypothesis
Theory
Guess
Baseline
25
To examine someone in depth and draw conclusions about others based on this information is
case study
naturalistic observation
hindsight bias
random sampling
26
A relatively small group out of the total population under study.
Survey
Sample
Random Assignment
Group
27
What technique involves repeating an earlier study with different participants/circumstances?
random sampling
naturalistic observation
replication
correlational research
28
People underestimate the difficulty of solving anagrams by themselves, this best illustrates
wording effects
illusory correlation
overconfidence
hindsight bias
29
Why is replication important to science?
Researchers can test the impact of belief on behavior
It allows you to obtain a representative sample of cases
Increases confidence in the reliability of original findings
30
The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to
dismiss the value of replication
reject any idea that cannot be scientifically tested
exaggerate their ability to predict an outcome
assume the correlation provides causation
31
The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by
overconfidence
operational definitions
the hindsight bias
illusory correlation
32
To describe the behavior of animals in their native habitats, researchers will most likely use
the double blind procedure
naturalistic observation
random assignment
survey research
33
To examine assumptions, evaluate evidence, and assess conclusions is to engage in
experimentation
naturalistic observation
generating hypotheses
critical thinking
34
Which of these is an advantage of the scientific method?
Both of these
Intolerance of error
None of these
Clarity of communication
35
Which of the following is most likely to inhibit critical thinking?
the double-blind procedure
random assignment
operational definitions
overconfidence
36
What do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future events?
critical thinking
theory
hypothesis
operational definition
37
Hypotheses are best described as
assumptions
replications
explanations
predictions
38
A tentative statement about the relationship between 2 or more variables
Assumption
Guess
Theory
Hypothesis
39
Examining evidence to determine what further research would be needed is what kind of thinking?
experimental
critical
correlational
naturalistic
40
Political officials who have no doubt that their own predictions will come true demonstrate
the hindsight bias
illusory correlation
overconfidence
the empirical approach
41
Which of the following is a data collecting technique?
Psychological tests
Questionnaries
Physiological recordings
All of the above
42
Picking individuals who represent the various subgroups in the population being studied
Random Sample
Stratified Sample
43
Each individual has an equal chance of being represented.
Random Sample
Stratified Sample
44
When we see certain outcomes as obvious based on what has occurred, we may be experiencing
hindsight bias
overconfidence
empricism
placebo effect
45
A hypothesis is a(n)
observable relationship between variables
statement of procedures used to define research variables
set of principles that organizes information/explains facts
testable prediction that gives direction to research
46
A researcher investigating the opinions of a large group of people is most likely to use a(n)
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
survey
47
Formulating hypotheses before conducting research is useful for stopping an error known as
overconfidence
the hindsight bias
illusory correlation
random sampling
48
Descriptive statistics is...
Organizing and summarizing data
Interpreting data and drawing conclusions
49
Critical thinkers can be best described as
pessimistic
overconfident
cynical
questioning
50
The ____ variable effects the ____ variable.
independent; dependent
independent; second
dependent; independent
first; second