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EBVM MCQs Chapters 11-17 Flashcards | StudBud
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EBVM MCQs Chapters 11-17
EBVM MCQs Chapters 11-17
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Questions
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Answers
1
Decision trees are composed of?
Decision nodes
All of these
Terminal nodes
Chance nodes
2
Critically appraised topics:
None of the above
Are unpublished review of the literature, and available on websites
Can be peer reviewed and provide the answers to focused clinical questions
All of the above
3
Chapter 16 MCQ's: Ethical and Legal Considerations
Questions
10
4
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: interpretations and conclusions?
Discussion
Results
Materials and methods
Introduction
5
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the experimental details?
Results
Introduction
The abstract or summary
Materials and methods
6
Owner utilities can be obtained by using:
A + B + C
A + B + C + D
A + B
A + D
7
Chapter 12 MCQ's:
Questions
8
8
Which of the following is not a technique that can be used to help validate the data from a questionnaire?
Comparing data from that collected in other studies/populations
Simultaneous collection of data through another instrument
Re-testing a subsample
Asking respondents to sign the questionnaire
9
How long should the raw data from a study be kept for?
Until the data has been analysed
For several years/ as long is practical, after publication of the report
Until the study report has been written
For a year after the publication of the report
10
Chapter 13 MCQ's: Data Management
Questions
10
11
Which of the following is a technique to identify potential data entry errors?
Examination of the distribution of values within a data field
Manual checking of a proportion of data
Setting up the data system to flag anomalous data
Double entry of data
12
Which of the following statements best describes the ethical concept of beneficience?
That the views of the owner are respected
Test animals taken from population most likely to benefit from results
That the confidentiality of the owner is respected
That research be scientifically sound + risks acceptable (benefit relation)
13
What is a Likert scale?
2. ... with a statement on a scale of 1 to 10
2. A question where the respondent is asked how strongly they agree...
1. ... disagrees with a statement
1. A type of question asking how strongly a respondent agrees or...
14
Pilot studies offer which of the following advantages?
They can provide estimates of likely client compliance
They don't enable data collection and entry systems to be rehearsed
They help to indicate the likely duration of the trial
They enable pilot data to be collected for sample size estimation
15
A systematic review:
Neither of the above
Is likely to provide the strongest evidence and may include a meta-analysis
Uses inclusion and exclusion criteria and grades the quality of the studies
Both of the above
16
Decision tree decision nodes are nodes where:
3Utilities are attached to these nodes to indicate the value of the outcome
2. No decisions are made but likelihoods are attached to each outcome...
1. A conscious decision between two or more options is made
2... derived from the chance node, and the likelihoods add up to 1 or 100%
17
Chapter 11 MCQ's: Designing Questionnaires
7
Questions
18
What course of action should be taken when an error in a data file is detected?
Correct the data, and proceed to analysis
Correct the data, record the correction in the data log+proceed to analysis
Analyse the data as it is and ignore the error
Discard the data file + re-enter the data from scratch (may be more errors)
19
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: new knowledge?
Introduction
Discussion
Materials and methods
Results
20
Which of the following fall under ASPA legislation?
Experiments that do not cause pain, suffering, or distress
An experiment that does not cause pain but may cause lasting harm
A drug trial covered entirely by an Animal Test Certificate
Acts of veterinary medicine
21
What do the initials PSDLH stand for?
Pain, suffering, death, lethal or harmful
Pain, suffering, distress and little harm
Pain, suffering, distress and lasting harm
Pain, suffering, death or lasting harm
22
How many backup copies should be kept?
5
2
3
4
23
Which of the following animals are not covered by the ASPA 1986 legislation?
Fish
Octopus
Locust
Cat
24
Which of the following statements about case reports is false?
Case reports usually describes the clinical signs of a condition
Case reports may give atypical descriptions
Case reports provide strong evidence for the cause of a condition
They are useful as early warning systems of new and emerging diseases
25
What is a data dictionary?
A formal description of each variable name, format, permissible values etc
A definition of statistical jargon
An internal file in a relational database
A dictionary of technical terms used by the trial
26
How frequently should data be backed up?
Every 2 weeks
At an interval that minimises the work required to re-enter the data
Monthly
At an interval that maximises the work required to re-enter the data
27
What is the disadvantage of collecting both 'age' and 'date of birth' of subjects?
1. As they are effectively the same data recording, it twice introduces ...
Age may be recorded in days, months or years, so is inconsistently recorded
Collecting both pieces of information creates redundancy (wastes storage)
1. ... the potential for conflicting values
28
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: what is known and not known?
Materials and methods
Results
Introduction
Discussion
29
Which of the following is not a criterion required for informed consent?
The clients know what the alternatives are
That clients know they have a role in the decision-making process
That clients understand the nature of the decision being made
That clients know who to complain to if things go wrong
30
If an investigator has any concerns about the ethics of a study, which source of information could be helpful?
An ethical review board at a veterinary department
Professional bodies eg RCVS
Home Office
Colleagues
31
Which of the following methods is most suitable for randomising animals to intervention groups
Putting alternate animals in the two different groups
Asking the owner which group they would like their animal to be in
Throwing a dice to determine group allocation
Using the day of the week the animal was sampled to determine their group
32
The VICH good clinical practice guidelines are:
A quality assurance scheme for running clinical trials
A quality assurance scheme for veterinary practitioners
A guide to veterinary laboratory practice
A guide to professional conduct
33
Decision tree chance nodes are nodes where:
1. A conscious decision between two or more options is made
3Utilities are attached to these nodes to indicate the value of the outcome
2. No decisions are made but likelihoods are attached to each outcome...
2... derived from the chance node, and the likelihoods add up to 1 or 100%
34
Which of the following is the best method of blinding the laboratory analysis of samples?
Ask the laboratory to blind the samples
Pre-label sample pots using a numeric code (no indication of identity)
Send the samples from different groups to different laboratories
Send a duplicate set of samples to a second laboratory
35
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the hypothesis?
Hypothesis
Results
Materials and methods
The abstract or summary
36
Which of the following is not considered to be an adverse effect?
Taking urine samples
Any procedure requiring sedation or anaesthesia
Keeping animals in restraints (significantly repressing normal behaviour)
Feeding of blood sucking insects
37
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the analysis of results?
The abstract or summary
Results
Introduction
Materials and methods
38
Chapter 14 MCQ's: Writing a Research Protocol and Applying for Funding
No
MCQs!
39
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: new scientific questions?
Results
Materials and methods
Introduction
Discussion
40
Which of the following should not be included in a covering letter?
Personal details of other people being surveyed
The purpose of the survey
Instructions on how to return the questionnaire
Why you have selected the addresses/respondents
41
Which of the following can be used to protect against fraud?
Appointing a quality control supervisor
The maintenance of hand-written notebooks or journals
Working in pairs or teams
Requiring staff to sign a non-disclosure agreement
42
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the formulation of the problem?
Results
Materials and methods
The abstract or summary
Introduction
43
Which of the following are useful in arriving at a final design for a questionnaire?
Pilot testing the questionnaire
Showing the draft design to colleagues
Repeating questions with different wordings
Fixing clear survey objectives
44
What is the best format to store a variable recording body temperature measured in
o
C?
As an integer variable
As a text variable
As a floating point variable
As a categorical variable
45
Which of the following may not have an adverse effect on the quality of the data collected in a study?
Missing data
Fraudulent data
Poor training of staff
Good study documentation and operations manuals
46
Chapter 15 MCQ's: Writing and Reviewing Scientific Papers
10
Questions
47
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the scientific question?
Results
Introduction
Materials and methods
The abstract or summary
48
Meta-analysis is a:
A literature review of literature reviews
Technique to combine data from different experimental designs
Stat analysis of data combined from>1study with similar experimental design
A statistical analysis of all of the studies on a topic
49
Which of the following is not a recognised agricultural or animal husbandry practice?
Testing of halothane susceptibility in pigs
Sexing birds using laparoscopy as part of a research study
Laparoscopy for AI
Single housing of calves within the provision of welfare codes
50
Decision tree terminal nodes are nodes where:
3Utilities are attached to these nodes to indicate the value of the outcome
1. A conscious decision between two or more options is made
2. No decisions are made but likelihoods are attached to each outcome...
2... derived from the chance node, and the likelihoods add up to 1 or 100%
51
How should major changes to the protocol not be handled?
Analyse the data using the different protocols separately
Continue the study but increase the sample size
Treat the data collected before the protocol change as a pilot study
Restart the study using the revised protocol
52
Which of the following types of software can be used to process study data?
A database package
A spreadsheet programme
A word processor
Specialist statistical software
53
Which of the following type of question is an open question?
Numerical entry
Ranking questions
Multiple choice
Rating questions
54
When calculating treatment and testing thresholds, possible outcomes may be:
Probability of disease in the patient is above the treating threshold
None of the above
Probability of disease in the patient is below the testing threshold
Probability of disease in the patient is in the testing band
55
Which of the following are positive factors in maximising the response to a questionnaire?
A, B + E
A, B, C + E
A, B, C + D
A, B + D
56
In which section of a scientific paper are you likely to find: the project plan?
Results
The abstract or summary
Materials and methods
Introduction
57
Which of the following strategies helps to improve the quality of data?
Second member of staff checking data immediately after it's been entered
Appointing a quality control supervisor
Implementing a data-checking protocol
Periodically reviewing the data
58
How should minor changes to the study protocols be handled?
Only allow supervisors to make changes when necessary
No changes to the protocol should ever be allowed
Give staff discretion to make changes they feel are necessary
When changes are made, make a careful record of why it was made +what it is
59
When should development and testing of the data management system be performed?
Before the study begins
During the statistical analysis
After data have been collected
When writing the paper reporting the results
60
Chapter 17 MCQ's: Other Study Designs
Questions
Final
10
Round
61
When clinical research becomes subject to ASPA, applications for licences are made to:
A licensed veterinary inspector
The RCVS
A university
The Home Office
62
Which of the following are negative factors in maximising the response to a questionnaire?
Choice to opt out
Relevance of questionnaire to participant
Sensitive question included
Monetary incentive
