List of Confusing Pairs Pt. 1

Statistical procedure that identifies items on a test that correlate with one another

Our conscious memories of facts or events

Research that compares subjects of different ages at the same time

This perspective focuses on how our thoughts & behaviors vary between cultures

The 3-4 second holding cell for all auditory sensory information

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Tendency for likeminded groups, after discussion, to become more extreme than the individuals in the group

The extent to which a test measures the subject that it was designed to measure

Estimate the likelihood of events based on well they seem to match a prototype

A method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing it with others

A condition in which a person with otherwise limited cognitive ability excels in one particular area

Research that follows and retests the same people over a period of time

According to Freud, the rememberd storyline of a dream

From age 1 to age 2, children generally speak in single words

In an experiment, the group that receives nothing or a placebo

Old information blocks the retrieval of recently learned information

Every volunteer has an equal chance of be placed in the experimental or control groups

The ability to think abstractly and solve problems that decreases with age

Part of the limbic system that regulates drives and controls the endocrine system

Bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of scores on a standardized test

A type of chemical that inhibits the actions of a neurotransmitter

The smallest distinct unit of sound in a word

Tendency to act out of character in a group due to feelings of arousal and anonymity

This perspective focuses on the role of genes, hormones, & neurotransmitters on behavior

Rule of thumb that allows for speedy problem-solving, but can be prone to errors

A type of chemical that stimulates the production a neurotransmitter

Piloting a test on a sample group that is similar to the target group that will be tested

Strong form of Whorf's hypothesis that assumes that language controls how we think about the world

A condition of limited cognitive ability, indicated by a score of 70 or below on an IQ test

The percentage of variation among individuals within a population that can be attributed to genetics

Slow-acting but long-lasting chemical messengers of the endocrine system

Tendency for a group to make an irrational decision due to conformity or desire for harmony within the group

The knowledge that we have accumulated over time that does not decrease as we age

The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body in times of stress

According to Freud, the hidden meaning of the dream

Test developed by Lewis Terman that was the first to use the measure of IQ

A research method in which you manipulate variables to determine cause and effect

This perspective focuses on how we interpret, process, and remember events & the effect on behavior

When a negative stereotype regarding one's gender, race, or ethnic causes them to not perform as well as expected

Sits at the top of the brainstem and is the "sensory switchboard" of the brain

This perspective focused on the role of the unconscious mind & childhood on behavior

A test that measures what has been learned, such as the AP exam

A test that measures future potential in a field, such as the MCAT

This perspective focused on the role of individual choice & free will on behavior

The transfer of genetic characteristics from parents to offspring

When judging oursevles and others' actions, we either attribute them to situation or disposition

Around age 2, children will begin to communicate meaning with dual-word statements

A condition of moderate to severe cognitive disability due to an extra copy of the 21st chromosome

Redoing a piece of research in order to confirm the original results

Weak form of Whorf's hypothesis that assumes that language plays a role in how we think about the world

An explanation of how variables will be measured in research

This perspective focuses on the role of survival & natural selection on behavior

In an experiment, the effect the manipulation of a variable

When a positive stereotype about one's gender, race, or ethnicity causes them to perform better than expected

In an experiment, the variable that will be manipulated.

Judging a situation based on how similar it is to prototypes or our mental image

The extent to which a test is consistent as a means of measurement

Area in the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension

Mental age divided by chronological age times 100; the average is 100

Our unconscious memories of procedures and classically conditioned or primed responses

Judging a situation based on examples of similar situations that readily come to mind

Modern IQ test with verbal and performance subtests that assumes average IQ is 100

In an experiment, the group that receives the indepedent variable

The extent to which a test predicts what it is supposed to predict

Every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected for a survey

Estimate the likelihood of events based on how readily examples come to mind

This perspective focused on the role of learning & conditioning on behavior

This modern perspective looks at the relative impact of our thoughts, our biology, & our environment on behavior

Recently learned information blocks the retrieval of old information

We have a tendency to overestimate the impact of disposition on others' behavior

Logical, methodical rule that will guarantee a correct solution, but it time consuming

The less-than-a-second holding cell for all visual sensory information

The part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body down after a period of stress

The smallest unit of a word that contains meaning

Fast-acting but short-lasting chemical messengers of the nervous system

Area in the left frontal lobe involved in the physical production of speech

A research method that allows you predict potential outcomes by knowing the relationship between variables