stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Bio Final Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Bio Final
Bio Final
148 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
18 plays
A #biology review quiz to help me study for my #final.
Flashcards
148 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
148
Answers
1
Specific combination of bonded atoms that always have same chemical properties and reactions.
Dysfunctional group
Functional group
Heterozygous group
Homologous group
2
Which part of the cell cycle takes the longest?
Prophase
Cytokinesis
Interphase
Metaphase
3
Butter is an example of what type of fatty acid?
A creamy fatty acid
A salty fatty acid
A fat fatty acid
A saturated fatty acid
4
What type of macromolecules are enzymes?
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrates
Proteins
5
These are are inherited from parents and can be passed down.
Molecules
Atoms
Traits
Genes
6
Who is the father of genetics?
Charles Darwin
Gregor Mendel
Isaac Newton
Rosalind Franklin
7
Water, Oxygen, NaCl and NH2 are all examples of...
Inorganic molecules
Organic molecules
8
Cellular respiration occurs in what cell organelle?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi Apparatus
Cell wall
9
What is substituted by Uracil in RNA?
Thymine
Uracil
Guanine
Adenine
10
What is the Theory of Evolution?
Supposed to be an idea... or something
The theory of evolution, duh
Considered a unifying concept in biology
Just a theory, a GAME theory (lol)
11
Allows elements to be organized by chemical and physical characteristics in predictable manner
Chemistry
The periodic table
Taxonomy
The element chart
12
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of salt across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of steam across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion of molecules across a semipermeable membrane.
13
What is the function of tRNA?
Transfer proteins to the ribosome.
Transfer DNA to the ribosome.
Transfer amino acids to the ribosome.
Transfer nucleotides to the ribosome.
14
What type of enzyme is used to cut DNA at specific sites?
Sulfur enzyme
Restriction enzyme
Protein enzyme
Scissor enzyme
15
Molecules go in and out of the cell by using the (blank), and by using plasma (blank)
Cell wall, plasma membrane
Cell wall, proteins
Plasma membrane, proteins
Plasma membrane, prokaryotes
16
The process of solar energy used to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis
Electron Transport Chain
Cellular Respiration
ATP
17
What is Huntington disease?
Unable to walk, talk and read properly
Progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain
No cells in the nucleus
Cannot produce ATP to form pyruvate
18
What kind of abnormality is Klinefelter syndrome?
Extra Y chromosome inactivated as Starr body.
Extra X chromosome inactivated as Varr body.
Extra Y chromosome inactivated as Barr body.
Extra X chromosome inactivated as Barr body.
19
What is the smallest, most basic unit of life?
Organism
Cell
Atom
Molecule
20
A Duplication mutation...
a chromosome segment is repeated
a chromosome segment is deleted
a chromosome segment is replaced
a chromosome segment is inserted
21
What is the name of the process that shows the flow of DNA to RNA to a protein?
Dogma of Biology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Translation and Transcription
DNA sequence
22
Why are transposons called "jumping genes"?
Pieces of molecules that move within and between DNA
Pieces of RNA that move within and between proteins
Pieces of proteins that move within and between bases
Pieces of DNA that move within and between chromosomes
23
What is the abnormality with three copies of chromosome 21?
Inv dup 15
Cri du chat Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Down Syndrome
24
(blank) amplifies specific DNA sequences.
Mitochondria
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Electron Transport Chain
ATP
25
Ammonia w/ ph of 11 has...
Less hydrogen and is basic
Less hydrogen and is neutral
More hydrogen and is basic
More hydrogen and is acidic
26
Why is evolution and ongoing process?
The biosphere is constantly changing
Because speciation is always changing
The environment is constantly changing
Because natural selection occurs
27
Who carries the trait for sickle cell disease?
Heterozygous
Males
Homozygous recessive
Homozygous dominant
28
Where do you find pigments?
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Mitochondria
29
What is the end product of the Calvin Cycle?
Glucose
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
30
Why is it possible to transfer cloned genes between virtually any organism?
Everyone uses it
Just because
The genetic code is universal
Idk, whatever
31
What type of bond forms when nitrogen gas is created?
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen bonds
Double bonds
Triple covalent bonds
32
In the structure of water, oxygen is (blank) and hydrogen is (blank)
Positive, neutral
Negative, neutral
Positive, negative
Negative, positive
33
In Prokaryotes, just like bacteria, this structure maintains the shape of the cell...
Cell wall
Chlorphyll
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
34
What type of electrons enter the Electron Transport Chain?
High energy
Low energy
35
What is the other molecule that all organisms have in common?
DNA
RNA
Cytochrome C
ATP
36
Which of three motor proteins interacts with actin filaments to create a muscle contraction?
Thyosin
Myosin
Syosin
Gyosin
37
Where do you find fossils and what do they tell us?
Found in the rock molten and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock stroma and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock strata and tell us the history of life.
Found in the rock stomata and tell us the history of life.
38
Animals store glucose as...
Glucose (disaccharide)
Sucrose (monosaccharide)
Glycogen (polysaccharide)
Lactose (monosaccharide)
39
Why is an enzyme's active site a lock and key mechanism?
Just because
Dude idk, I'm running out of ideas
It is specific to one substrate
It's active site is special
40
During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP?
2
5
4
3
41
How many
chromosomes
does a human have?
46
23
42
What is an example of convergent evolution?
Egyptian rabbit and Pythagorean hare
Green snake and Black viper
Blank ant and fire ant
Patagonian hare and European rabbit
43
The Cell Theory states that all organisms are composed of...
proteins and those proteins come from other proetins
cells and those cells come from other pre-existing cells
groups and those groups come from other groups.
molecules and those molecules come from other molecules
44
The discipline of naming and classifying organisms according to certain rules
Paleontology
Natural Selection
Evolution
Taxonomy
45
This type of reproduction doesn’t require sperm or egg and is required for sexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
46
(Blank) through natural selection through survival of the (blank).
Evolution, natural selection
Microevolution, genetic engineering
Speciation, natural selection
Evolution, fittest
47
The Calvin Cycle...
occurs in the stroma and takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in the roots, takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in stroma and takes 6CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
occurs in the stomata, takes CO2 to produce a carbohydrate
48
What are two structures do all vertebrates have at one point?
Postanal tail and paired wings
Postanal butt and paired pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail and paired pharyngeal pouches
Postanal tail and paired pharyngeal arms
49
What are the two examples of treatments for cancer?
Radiation
Chemotherapy
50
Because
(blank)
is the final electron acceptor,
(blank)
is produced.
Hydrogen, oxygen
Hydrogen, water
Oxygen, water
Oxygen, hydrogen
51
What is the mathematical way to indicate the number of hydrogen ions in a solution?
The pH scale
The correct usage of taxonomy
Mrs. Kvapil didn't teach me this
The periodic table of elements
52
In the Calvin Cycle, what is the purpose of rubisco?
To bring in H2o.
To bring in NH2.
To bring in ATP.
To bring in CO2.
53
What is one organelle that is found in plants but not in animals?
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell wall
All of the above
54
What is the main energy currency of cells?
ATP
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Mitochondria
Electron Transport Chain
55
This organelle is in charge of receiving, modifying and repackaging vesicles.
Golgi Apparatus
Cell wall
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
56
Electrons are...
Negatively charged and can be found around the nucleus.
Negatively charged and can be found inside the nucleus.
Positively charged and can be found around the nucleus.
Positively charged and can be found inside the nucleus.
57
Name TWO characteristics of Turner syndrome.
Long neck, less developed breast and ovaries
Short neck, less developed breast and ovaries
Webbed neck and less developed breast and ovaries
Webbed neck and less developed arms and legs
58
A Hypothesis is a ...
A theory for an unknown conclusion
A law concluded by a group of scientists
Possible explanation for an event
An idea created by Charles Darwin
59
What are the colors that carotenoids reflect?
Yellow and Orange
Pink and Red
Red and Orange
Purple and Yellow
60
Most eukaryotic cells rely on this structure to pull chromosomes apart.
Chromosomes
Spindle
Mitochondria
Flagella
61
What is the expected phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid Punnett square?
9:1:1:3
1:3
3:1
9:3:3:1
62
A change in the sequence of bases in a gene can cause:
Mutagens
Replication error
Transposons
All of the above
63
During evolution, most individuals reproduce more than others because they are...
Smarter
The fittest
Stronger
Better adapted
64
What is the product of ATP?
DNA
3 Phosphorus
Energy
Pyruvate
65
When substances move from high to lower concentration, no additional energy required
Passive Transport
Active Transport
66
Receptor proteins...
Allow control molecules to bind
Allow receptor molecules to work together
Allow signal molecules to bind, causing a cellular response
Allow group molecules to form a new DNA strand
67
Which tumor can a surgeon remove to prevent cancer from spreading and why?
Benign, it is within a capsule preventing it from spreading.
Malign, it is able to spread.
68
The human body contains a
(blank)
to help the pH of blood stay at 7.4
A receptor protein
A restriction enzyme
A buffer
A PCR
69
Why was the pea, Pisum sativa, a good organism to study?
Easy to cultivate and can cross pollinate by hand
Was a pretty plant and can be used as food later
Peas are vegetables
Was the only organism around
70
Reduction is the...
removal of hydrogen atoms
addition of hydrogen atoms
71
If freckles on the face is a dominant allele, will it be a common allele?
Maybe
Yes
No
IDK
72
What is happening to the cell cycle that causes cancer?
Cell mutation out of control.
Cell division out of control.
73
When you change the structure of a protein due to boiling water it has been
(blank).
Boiled
Deleted
Changed
Denatured
74
How do you form a triglyceride?
2 glycerol and 4 fatty acids, through dehydration reaction
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, through hydrolysis reaction
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids, through dehydration reaction
6 glycerol and 9 fatty acids, through hydrolysis reaction
75
DNA fingerprinting uses what type of coding?
Coding segments
Non-coding segments
76
What sugar does DNA use?
Ribose
Deoxyribose
77
Which reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid?
Mitosis
Meiosis
78
When ATP is converted to ADP, it is what kind of reaction?
A potential reaction
A kinetic reaction
A similar reaction
A coupled reaction
79
In the plasma membrane, the tail is...
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
80
A Punnett square...
a chromosome segment is repeated
inserting cloned genes into an organism
shows all possible combinations of egg and sperm offspring
progressive degeneration of neurons in the brain
81
What is paleontology?
The study of fossils
The study of plants
The study of cats
The study of dinosaurs
82
CO2 leaves through the (blank) and water is absorbed through the (blank)
.
Stomata, leaves
Leaf, veins
Roots, stomata
Stomata, roots
83
This is the exchange of chromosome segments between two nonhomologous chromosomes.
Transcription
Translation
Translocation
Thylakoid
84
What are the three main characteristics of natural selection?
Variation, Inheritance, and Transposons
Variation, Mutations, and Successful Reproduction
Variation, Inheritance and Successful Reproduction
Mutations, Inheritance, and Genetic engineering
85
Why are cohesion and adhesion important in plants?
For chlorophyll production
For photosynthesis in plants
For water transport in plants
For cellular respiration
86
Directional Selection...
occurs when extreme genotype is not favored
occurs when extreme genotype is favored
occurs when extreme phenotype is favored
occurs when extreme phenotype is not favored
87
Have scientists been able to clone humans with federal funding?
Maybe
Yes
No
IDK
88
What molecules are a part of nucleic acids?
mRNA and tRNA
ATP and PCR
DNA and ATP
DNA and RNA
89
What are the four categories of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleosomes
Carbohydrates, lipids, prokaryotes and nucleic acids
Carbon, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
90
During what checkpoint is DNA replication verified, and if damaged, it is repaired?
G2
S
G1
G0
91
A visual display of chromosomes arranged
by size, shape and banding pattern.
Mutation
Karyotype
Natural Selection
Taxonomy
92
What is the main purpose of a ribosome?
ATP production
Cellular respiration
To speed up reactions
Protein synthesis
93
What is Potential energy?
Energy in motion
Stored energy
94
Prokaryotes belong to which domain?
Bacteria
Plants
Archaea and Bacteria
Archaea
95
What is electrophoresis?
Separates DNA samples by size.
Separates protein samples by size.
Separates molecules samples by size.
Separates mRNA samples by size.
96
What type of bond binds together bases?
Double bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen bonds
Triple covalent bonds
97
Describe Turner syndrome.
Absence of a second Y chromosome, (YO)
Absence of a second X chromosome, (XO)
98
According to Darwin, variations are (blank) to the natural selection process.
Not really that important
Essential
Kinda essential
Important
99
What is Apoptosis? And when can a cell go through Apoptosis?
Programmed cell rebirth. S
Programmed cell rebirth. G1
Programmed cell death. G1
Programmed cell death. G0
100
What powers the Calvin Cycle?
ATP and FADPH
ATP and NADPH
RNA and NADPH
DNA and RNA
101
This is the process of inserting cloned genes into an organism.
Genetic insertion
Genetic engineering
Genetic replacement
Genetic mutation
102
What do enzymes do?
Slow down reactions
Speed up reactions
Do their job, that's what
Help metabolism
103
True or False? Glycolysis occurs inside the mitochondria.
True
False
104
If nondisjunction occurs during (blank) then both members go into the same daughter cell
Meiosis 2
Interphase
Meiosis 1
Prophase
105
What is the range of visible wavelength?
700-1000
280-650
400-800
380-750
106
What is tested specifically when testing the egg?
Unborn children
Polar bodies
107
DNA is wound around (blank). Before cell division, (blank) condenses into chromosomes.
Nucleosomes, prokaryotes
Histones, bases
Histones, chromatin
Double helix, proteins
108
What are the two ways to insert genetic material into human cells for treatment of a disorder?
Ex vivo
In vivo
109
What is the average amount of ATP produced during cellular respiration?
36-38
38-40
34-36
32-34
110
What type of bonds allow water molecules to attach to each other?
Hydrogen bonds
Nitrogen bonds
Double bonds
Triple covalent bonds
111
What is Kinetic energy?
Energy in motion
Stored energy
112
What is the syndrome due to a deletion mutation?
Inv dup 15 syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
Down syndrome
Cri du chat syndrome
113
What is an example of a Disaccharide?
All of the above
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
114
What makes a molecule inorganic?
No carbon
Carbon
115
What was the main conclusion of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
Less complex forms descended from less complex forms.
Less complex forms descended from less complex forms.
More complex forms descended from more complex forms.
More complex forms descended from less complex forms.
116
Process where populations accumulate adaptations over time to become more suited to environment
Evolution
Taxonomy
Adaptations
Paleontology
117
What makes DNA Recombinant DNA?
It contains DNA from 4 or more organisms.
It contains DNA from 2 or more organisms
It contains DNA from 10 or more organisms.
It contains DNA from 6 or more organisms.
118
What is an example of a gene mutation and characteristics?
Big nose and small ears
Short fingers and long toes
Foot size and clothing size
Hair and eye color
119
What are two characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome?
Webbed neck and no eyes
Very long legs and very long arms
Some breast development and long fingers
No hair and small ears
120
What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?
For enzymes to travel to their active sites
For water transportation through the cell
Marks boundary between the inside and outside of the cell
The electron transport chain
121
What type of electrons leave the Electron Transport Chain?
High energy
Low energy
122
Daughter nuclei produced by mitosis are...
Genetically identical
Unidentical
123
Who was the first person to discover DNA was a double helix and had repeating portions?
Charles Darwin
Isaac Newton
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
124
Who was the other scientist who agreed with Charles Darwin?
Rosalind Franklin
Gregor Mendel
Isaac Newton
Alfred Russel Wallace
125
What are the 6 elements that make up 98% of the human body? (CHNOPS)
Chlorine, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Sulfur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate, Silicon
Carbohydrate, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
126
Why would a population need variation?
To adapt to changing population conditions
To adapt to changing biosphere conditions
To adapt to changing environmental conditions
To adapt to changing community conditions
127
What is an example of an inactive protein that later becomes activated in our bodies?
Insulin
Pancreas
Protein
Red blood cells
128
In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Cell wall
Flagella
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
129
What is the purpose of pigments?
To create different colors
To do their job
To make leaves change colors in the fall
Absorb solar energy
130
Which connection allows for water and small solutes to move between cells using channels?
Plasmodesmata
Taxonomy
Paleontology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
131
During Meiosis, what allows the daughter cells not to be identical to the parent cells?
Disjunction
Nonjunction
Proteins
Crossing over
132
Where do the light reactions occur in a plant cell?
Plasma membrane
Roots
Stomata
Thylakoid
133
This is the stage where growth occurs as organelles double...
G1
S
G2
G0
134
Where do you find alleles?
In the genus of a chromosome.
In the DNA of a chromosome.
In the gene locus of a chromosome.
In the gene locus of a DNA strand.
135
What type of mutation is this? THE CAT ATE THE RAT –> C Removed -> THE ATA TET HER AT.
Disease mutaion
Insertion mutation
Frameshift mutation
Deletion mutation
136
Which is involved in continuous growth in a child?
Mitosis
Meisosis
137
What are the coenzymes in charge of carrying the hydrogen atoms in cellular respiration?
NaCl and NH2
Glucose and Sucrose
DNA and RNA
NAD and FAD
138
What is an example of a monosaccharide?
Glucose
Lactose
Sucrose
Maltose
139
Oxidation is the...
removal of hydrogen atoms
addition of hydrogen atoms
140
What is Microevolution?
Big, measurable evolutionary changes.
Small, measurable evolutionary changes.
141
What is another type of photosynthesis plants can go through depending on the environment?
All of the above
CAM
C4
C3 and C4
142
What encodes for a single amino acid?
Codon
mRNA
DNA
Anti-codon
143
In the plasma membrane, the head is...
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
144
All nucleotides contain a (blank) a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen containing (blank).
Phosphate, base
Base, phosphate
Sugar, molecule
Phosphorus, protein
145
Where do the hydrogen ions, in the thylakoid base, come from?
The splitting of water
The splitting of salt
The addition of water
The splitting of atoms
146
What chromosomes are autosomal chromosomes?
1-32
1-5
1-22
1-10
147
Adaptations are perfect, true or false?
True
False
148
Why would a female have a Chronic Villus sampling test?
For earlier results
For faster results
