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RAD 215
Additive lung collapse
how can you minimize size distortion
RAD 215
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RAD 215
Flashcards
60 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
how can you minimize size distortion
increase OID
Decrease SID
Increase SID
2
Additive lung collapse
arthritis
pnuemonectomy
Atelactasis
pnuemothorax
3
which is not an additive chest condition
emphysema
Plueral effusion
tuberculosis
hemothorax
4
Dose creep is essentially...
collimating to reduce scatter
increasing mAs to reduce mottle
failing to shield the patient when exposing the gonad
any increase in technique that does not affect detail
5
Dosimeter that offers immediate results
TLD
Pocket dosimeter
OSL
Film badge
6
If you increase your mAs how would you calculate the new exposure
I1/I2 = (kVp1/kVp2)
I1/I2 = (mAs1/mAs2)
I1/I2 = kVp1/kVp2
I1/I2 = (D2/D1)^2
7
as kVp increases
X-ray interactions increase
X-ray interactions fall
Photoelectric absorption rises
compton's scatter rises
8
Governing body that sets regulations and enforces regulations
NCRP
FDA
NRC
9
10 rem is how many Sieverts
10 mSv
100 mSv
0.1 Sv
100 Sv
10
Controls image brightness
level
Window width
mAs
Window Speed
11
highest source of patient exposure
Nuclear medicine
X-rays
CT
nuclear fallout
12
Annual whole body dose limit for radiation worker
50 mSv
5 rem
5 mSv
500 mSv
13
pathological changes can best be compensated by doing what
doubling mAs
increasing technique by 15%
adding a filter
getting patient history
14
which would increase focal spot blur
increasing SID
Increasing KVP
increasing filtration
increasing OID
15
Additive pathologies require what
loss of contrast
decrease in absorption
decrease in technique
increase in technique
16
Additive condition of the abdomen
Ascites
osteoporosis
Aerophagia
Anorexia
17
which biological effect is random in nature
Stochastic
altruistic
deterministic
relative
18
additive multi system pathology characterized by uncontrolled cell growth
Tumor
Anorexia
Anemia
Diverticulitis
19
Smallest perceivable change in mAs
50%
25%
15%
100%
20
at 75 kV how this must your lead be to reduce 90% of the beam
2.0 mm
1.0 mm
0.25 mm
0.5 mm
21
Government organization that regulates radio-pharmaceuticals
FDA
NRCP
NCR
22
Scatter interaction that increases occupational dose
compton's scatter
Photoelectric absorption
bremstrahlung radiation
Characteristic radiation
23
spatial resolution is
imaging small objects
gray scale
exposure
SID
24
which has higher density
Fat
Muscle
25
What is the advantage of the line focus principle
decreased heat capacity
decreased focal size
increased heat capacity
increased focal size
26
Part of the beam containing diagnostic data
scatter radiation
secondary radiation
leakage radiation
remnant beam
27
Pathological loss of cell proliferation
abscess
Atrophy
Osteopetrosis
Cancer
28
Which type of generator produces the highest power and lowest patient dose
full wave
3 phase
high frequency
half wave
29
Device used to detect the presence of radiation
OSL
TLD
Geiger counter
30
Line pairs are used to measure
contrast
size
x-rays
space
31
What is the purpose of the PBL
filters the beam
Collimates the field size
Monitors patient dose
controls leakage radiation
32
What is the rate of photoelectric absorption based on atomic number
1/Z3
Z/1
Z*1
Z3
33
If you increase your kVp how would you calculate the new exposure
I1/I2 = (kVp1/kVp2)^2
I1/I2 = (mAs1/mAs2)^2
I1/I2 = (D2/D1)^2
I1/I2 = kVp1/kVp2
34
Pathologic conditions that increase the density of the subject
Atomic
constructive
positive
additive
35
the formula for ESE is
I1/I2 = mAs21/mAs2*kVp1/kVp2
I1/I2 = mAs1/mAs2*kVp21/kVp22
I1/I2 = kVp1/mAs2*mAs21/kVp22
36
As X-ray machines age they must be tested for…
Disease
measels
Worms
Linearity and reproducibility
37
if you increase your kVp by 15% what do you need to do to your mAs to keep exposure the same
add 15%
keep it the same
decrease it by 50%
increase it by 50%
38
NRC regulation for fetal dose limit for entire pregnancy
0.5 mrem
5 mSv
500 mrem
500 mSv
39
the degree of sharpness on the image
Detail
Contrast
Exposure
image
40
which side of the tube demonstrates a loss in exposure intensity
anode
cathode
41
what is the dose reduction to breast tissue when using PA position
50%
99%
1%
15%
42
NCRP recommends no more than how much radiation per month for the fetus
10 mSv
5 rem
50 mrem
.5 mSv
43
Is asthma destructive or additive?
destructive
additive
44
A speckled, static-like appearance
Motion blur
Shape distortion
Quantum mottle
Contrast resolution
45
Another term for latitude is
density
Gray scale
brightness
resolution
46
Destructive conditions
reduce the subjects Zeff
are not visible on X-ray
require an increase in mAs
increase the subjects mass
47
Which has the highest atomic number
fat
water
air
muscle
48
Unequal magnification across the image
quantum mottle
shape distortion
focal blur
size distortion
49
in the first 2 weeks, fetal exposure is said to be...
very painful
all or nothing
recommended
very dangerous
50
objects not parallel to IR will have what
scatter
focal spot blur
absorption
shape distortion
51
High kV systems result in what
Lower patient dose
lower occupational exposure
more contrast
safe x rays
52
Z
eff
Stands for what?
radiation weighting factor
tissue weighting factor
effective atomic number
none of these
53
Controls image contrast
mAs
Window speed
Window width
level
54
How does radiation damage cells
burning tissue
mutation
destroying tissue
ionizing atoms
55
which factor affects subject contrast
weight
height
SID
kVp
56
The blurred region of the radiograph
spatial frequency
contrast resolution
umbra
focal spot blur
57
Total reduction in x-rays passing through a material
Attenuation
leakage radiation
scatter
Absorption
58
period of fetal development most likely to receive radiation induced abnormalities.
2nd trimester
3rd trimester
2 to 10 weeks
59
At what dose can we expect fetal abnormalities?
1000 mGyt
250 mGyt
100 mGyt
50 mGyt
60
All exposure systems require this
Audible exposure alarm
measuring tape
Moving grid
AEC
