What is a constituent?

Syntactic units working together that fit into larger units

What are open-class and closed class lexical categories?

Open-class admit new members easily; closed--do not

Retired professor who invented generative grammar

What are parts of speech / lexical categories?

Classes of words that behave in similar ways

What are phrase structures rules and examples of phrase structures?

Connected constituents working together: NP, VP, PP, VP

What are some ways to test for constituents?

Substitution, stand-alone, movement, coordination

How are run-on sentences formed? What causes a run-on sentence?

Not using / over using appropriate punctuation/conjunctions

What best defines generative (GEN) and universal (UNI) grammar?

GEN: What we inherently know; UNI: all language has grammar

What is a sentence fragment?

A sentence lacking a subject and / or a predicate

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English 301: Chapters 5 and 6

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Answers

1
What is a constituent?
A complete thought separated by a semicolon
Syntactic units working together that fit into larger units
Just subordinate clauses and not dependent clauses
Determiners standing alone
2
What are open-class and closed class lexical categories?
Open-class struggles for meaning; closed class is explicit
Open-class admit new members easily; closed--do not
Open-class is prevalent in all sounds; closed cannot move
Open-class has infinite meaning; closed has no meaning
3
Who is Noam Chomsky?
Retired professor who invented generative grammar
A linguist who invented theories about gender differences
The godfather of all linguistics
A local linguist in FSU's Dept of Languages and Literature
4
What are parts of speech / lexical categories?
The aligned form of words that merely function w/out meaning
Classes of words that behave in similar ways
A systematic way to categorize sentences
A corpora of words that cannot be defined
5
What are phrase structures rules and examples of phrase structures?
Connected constituents working together: NP, VP, PP, VP
Prescribed connections documenting spoken to written: IPA
Overarching rules of any language: A sentence, verb, article
Descriptive conventions of writing: commas and periods
6
What are some ways to test for constituents?
Modifying, relating, borrowing, and answering
Connecting clauses, noting run-ons, simplification
Substitution, stand-alone, movement, coordination
Phrase structure rules, prepositional phrases, movement
7
How are run-on sentences formed? What causes a run-on sentence?
Not using / over using appropriate punctuation/conjunctions
By not fully understanding your sixth grade grammar teacher
By simply making a sentence way too long--more than 4 lines
By writing from only a stream of consciousness
8
What is syntax?
The auditory reception of words
The punctuation of words
The spelling of words
The grammar of words
9
What best defines generative (GEN) and universal (UNI) grammar?
GEN: a generational notion of grammar; UNI: beyond the local
GEN: generates meaning in grammar; UNI: grammar in the local
GEN: What we inherently know; UNI: all language has grammar
GEN: prescriptive grammar; UNI: Descriptive grammar
10
What is a sentence fragment?
A sentence with too many complete thoughts
A sentence lacking a subject and / or a predicate
A sentence that is, simply, too short
A sentence with only a verb

English 301: Chapters 5 and 6 Flashcards | StudBud