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Duplicate of Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
retinal disparity
convergence
linear perspective
2
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
rods
cones
3
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
gender schema theory
principle of continuity
4
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
standardized
projective
5
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
6
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
7
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
out-group homogeneity
8
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
9
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
10
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
object permanence
11
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
12
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
13
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
14
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
assimilation
motor development
parenting style
15
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
16
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
17
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
developmental study
longitudinal study
18
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
autism
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
19
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
20
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
dopamine
21
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
add : decrease
22
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
23
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
24
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
25
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
morpheme
phoneme
26
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
EQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
27
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
28
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
29
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
30
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
31
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
32
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
33
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
34
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
sensory adaptation
35
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
36
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
outliers
normally distributed
modes
37
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
fundamental
external
situational
38
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
James-Lange theory
39
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
displacement
40
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
41
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
42
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
overconfidence
hindsight bias
a theory
43
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
blind spot
iris
fovea
44
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
culture
family
45
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
46
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
47
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
48
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
49
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
accommodation
habituation
assimilation
50
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
fetal alcohol syndrome
51
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
52
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
53
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
54
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
55
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
divergent thinking
56
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
57
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
58
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
59
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
60
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
61
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
continuous
partial
primary
62
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
63
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
64
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
65
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
66
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
67
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
68
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
L-Dopa
benzodiazepines
lithium
69
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
traits, the environment, and behavior
70
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
71
which is an example of an implicit memory
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
72
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
73
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
74
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
75
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random assignment
random sampling
representative assignment
76
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
mean
standard deviation
77
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
William James
78
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
79
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
stepping
Babinski
80
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
95
50
84
81
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
82
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
83
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social roles
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
84
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
say a sentence
cut with a knife
write with a pencil
85
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
86
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
social
behavioral
situational
dispositional
87
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
88
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
mere-exposure effect
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
central route persuasion
89
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
a strong superego
90
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
91
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
deindividuation
social facilitation
groupthink
92
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
anal stage
oral stage
phallic stage
93
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
94
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
95
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
make new friends
eat a meal
go for a run
96
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
mid 30s
97
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
98
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
evolutionary
humanistic
psychodynamic
99
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
100
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
101
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
102
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
sight
hearing
balance
103
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
alpha waves
104
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
105
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
106
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
107
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
108
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
in-group bias
individualism
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
109
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
mirror neurons
modeling
sublimation
110
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
episodic memory
retroactive memory
recall
111
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
112
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
113
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
114
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
115
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
cerebellum
medulla
116
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
117
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
biological
evolutionary
humanistic
118
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
119
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
120
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
121
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
122
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
circadian rhythm
sleep cycles
personalities
123
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
124
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
terminal button
neurotransmiters
myelin
125
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
126
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
biological theory
127
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
PET
MRI
rTMS
128
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
129
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
130
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
131
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
132
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
133
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
antagonists
activation-synthesis
tolerance
dissociation
134
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
135
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
136
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
137
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
138
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes