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AP Psych Practice Exam 3
AP Psych Practice Exam 3
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1
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
2
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
assignment to conditions
random sampling
representative assignment
random assignment
3
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
4
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
5
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
6
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
7
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
8
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
normally distributed
variances
modes
outliers
9
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
10
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
sight
touch
11
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
need for achievement
12
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
13
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
14
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
blind spot
iris
retina
15
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
environment
temperament
16
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
split-half reliability
test-retest reliability
content validity
17
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
18
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
psychoanalytic
cognitive
evolutionary
19
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
aptitude measures
construct validity
test-retest reliability
20
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
21
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
group polarization
deindividuation
superordinate goals
diffusion of responsibility
22
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
23
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
substance abuse and dependence
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
24
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
biological
25
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
26
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
27
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
28
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder
29
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
psychiatrist
clinical psychologist
30
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
50
95
84
31
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
32
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
33
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
34
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
35
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
36
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
psychodynamic
evolutionary
37
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
38
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
39
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
leading questions
proactive interference
relearning effect
40
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
personalities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
41
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
42
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
43
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
44
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
a mental set
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
45
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
46
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
pons
hypothalamus
47
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
benzodiazepines
48
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
late 40s
49
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
50
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
51
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
token economy
52
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
token economies
REBT
systematic desensitization
53
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
dissociative identity disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
54
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
standardized
triarchic
achievement
55
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
56
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
deindividuation
group polarization
social facilitation
57
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
the social role hypothesis
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
58
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
59
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
60
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
61
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
62
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
63
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
cones
rods
64
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
65
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
66
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed variable
continuous
variable interval
fixed ratio
67
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
Babinski
stepping
68
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
69
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
70
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
71
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
cognitive
psychodynamic
humanistic
72
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
free association
73
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
74
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
75
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
76
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the reconstructive nature of memory
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the rate at which people forget information
77
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous
78
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
morpheme
79
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
80
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
81
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
82
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
auditory canal
basilar membrane
malleus (hammer)
83
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
84
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
instrumental learning
85
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
unconditional positive regard
86
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
absolute threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
87
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
88
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
mirror neurons
latent learning
sublimation
modeling
89
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
90
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
convergence
closure
retinal disparity
91
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
92
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
Parkinson's disease
93
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
94
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
95
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
96
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
97
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
98
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
99
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
social-cognitive
100
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
IQ test
EQ test
aptitude test
101
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality
lack of debriefing
risk of psychological harm
102
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
go for a run
eat a meal
make new friends
103
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
104
the somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
105
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
individualism
in-group bias
106
the limbic system plays an important role in
planning for the future
regulating emotion
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
107
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
assimilation
motor development
attachment
parenting style
108
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
medulla
109
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
110
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
111
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
112
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
113
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
114
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
placebo effect
115
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
myelin
synaptic cleft
terminal button
neurotransmiters
116
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
117
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
118
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
antagonists
activation-synthesis
119
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
parenting style
masculine/feminine personality traits
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
120
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
121
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
122
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
episodic memory
retroactive memory
123
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
linguistic relativity hypothesis
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
124
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
psychometrics
social psychology
positive psychology
health psychology
125
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
social learning theory
the law of effect
latent learning
the overjustification effect
126
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
127
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
128
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
129
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
130
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unhealthy attributional styles
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
131
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
range
mean
132
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
133
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
134
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
135
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
136
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
internal
situational
fundamental
external
137
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
median
range
mean
138
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
rTMS
MRI
139
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
140
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
humanistic
cognitive
trait
141
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
142
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
correlation study
143
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
overconfidence
a theory
144
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
145
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
146
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
147
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
latency period
oral stage
148
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
inferiority complexes
149
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
150
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
151
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
152
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
153
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
opponent process theory
154
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
sight
touch
hearing
155
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
156
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
approach-avoidance
157
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
adrenaline
158
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
out-group homogeneity
scapegoating
superordinate goals
159
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
160
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
personality
schizophrenic
anixety
dissociative
161
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
162
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
William James
163
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
sociocultural psychologist
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist